Search

This article presents the development and experimental verification of a temperature and humidity sensor featuring a stable structure and high sensitivity. The sensor utilizes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed by coating a layer of Fe2O3 nanorods onto the surface of a tapered coreless fiber (NCF) via water bath method. The nanostructures formed on the NCF silver film exhibit remarkable stability and strength. Variations in external temperature and humidity alter the permeability of the Fe2O3 nanorods, leading to changes in their refractive index (RI) and a linear shift in the MZI’s resonance wavelength. Experimental findings reveal a temperature sensitivity of 0.454 nm/°C within the range of 25 °C–60 °C and a humidity sensitivity of 0.3332 nm/%RH within the range of 40%RH–70%RH. To enhance measurement sensitivity and accuracy, the MZI sensor is cascaded with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to mitigate cross-sensitivity between temperature and humidity.

Operating Acoustic Signal (OAS) emitted by electric equipment reveals its state. However, environmental noise (EN) could result in misleading result. Distribution transformers are deployed in noisy environment and its OAS is mixed with substantial noise. OAS of distribution transformer in normal and typical anomaly state behave spectro-temporal self-similarity (STSS), which is notable different from known ENs. A STSS based approach is proposed to identify whether OAS is corrupted by EN. 60s OAS of transformer are divided into overlapping segments. The features of these segments are grouped to determine whether they belong to the same cluster. Once they belong to the same cluster, it can be used for condition monitoring. Otherwise, it is corrupted by EN. Numerical simulation of onsite recorded OAS indicates that the proposed approach can identify OAS corrupted by EN precisely. Difficulty of removing EN from OAS could be avoided in a much easier alternative way to single out valid OAS not corrupted by EN instead of removing EN from OAS. The proposed approach facilitates OAS based condition monitoring of distribution transformers in noisy environment.

Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is regulated by the extensive cross-talk between liver and intestine. Many bile-acid-activated signaling pathways have become attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders. In this study we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of BA in the intestine. We showed that the BA levels in the gallbladder and faeces were significantly increased, whereas serum BA levels decreased in systemic Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) deficiency (Klf9−/−) mice. These phenotypes were also observed in the intestine-specific Klf9-deleted (Klf9vil−/−) mice. In contrast, BA levels in the gallbladder and faeces were reduced, whereas BA levels in the serum were increased in intestinal Klf9 transgenic (Klf9Rosa26+/+) mice. By using a combination of biochemical, molecular and functional assays, we revealed that Klf9 promoted the expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (Asbt) in the terminal ileum to enhance BA absorption in the intestine. Reabsorbed BA affected liver BA synthetic enzymes by regulating Fgf15 expression. This study has identified a previously neglected transcriptional pathway that regulates BA homeostasis.

Sulfur-polypyrrole composite cathodes with sulfur contents of 77, 64, to 53 wt% have been synthesized by an in-situ deposition of sulfur with polypyrrole pre-synthesized by an oxidation method. The presence of polypyrrole in the form of nanoparticles prohibits the agglomeration of sulfur during the synthesis, resulting in small sulfur particles and well-mixed sulfur-polypyrrole composites. The sulfur-polypyrrole composite cathodes synthesized have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The composite cathodes show better electrochemical stability, lower overpotential, and better cyclability compared to the pristine sulfur as the polypyrrole particles facilitate ion and charge transfer within the electrodes. The composites consisting of 64 and 53 wt% of sulfur exhibit higher discharge capacities and better cyclability than sulfur at C/2, 1 C, and 2 C rates, e.g., retaining capacities of >500 mAh/g at 1 C and [?]400 mAh/g at 2 C after 50 cycles. The polypyrrole in the composites improves the electrochemical contact within the electrodes as evidenced by the reduced charge transfer resistance and improved rate capability as well as the porosity of electrodes as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

The article presents a study which examines the effects of Naoshu mixture on the cerebral monoamine neurotransmitter of rat after they had overtraining. The result of the study show that protein expression of neuroendocrine (NE) in cerebral cortex was significantly reduced after overtraining. It concludes that Naoshu mixture can raise the expression of NE in cerebral cortex, balance the exciting and depressing of cerebral cortex and keep the better function of cerebral cortex after overtraining.

The recent advance of p-type transparent conductive oxide thin films is reviewed. The focus is on p-type transparent oxide semiconductors CuAlO2, CuGaO2, CuInO2, SrCu2O2, and LaCuOCh (Ch = chalcogen). These materials and related device applications are then shown as examples. Room temperature operation of current injection emission from ultraviolet light-emitting diodes based on p-SCO/n-ZnO p–n junctions has been demonstrated. This changed with the discovery of p-type transparent conducting oxides, thereby opening up the possibility for all-oxide transparent electronics. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

ABSTRACTControl charts are widely used in statistical process control. A c-chart is often used to monitor product defects. Most applications of the cchart assume that Poisson distribution is the correct probability model underlying the process. When defects tend to occur in clusters, then it is likely that the Poisson model is inappropriate. In this paper, we propose a CUSUM control procedure to monitor the product defects modeled by the Neyman's type-A distribution. A numerical example is given to illustrate the operation of the proposed method. An extensive comparison shows that the proposed method can perform better than traditional cchart.

With the development of a substation automation system, it is now feasible for the intelligent electronic devices-based protection system to collect its measurements from electronic instrument transformers through a communication network such as an Ethernet-based local-area network. The application of a wide-area broadband network in power utilities introduces underlying danger for protection systems to maloperate when receiving fake data packages from an intruder. This paper proposes identifying a vicious fault by using context information, such as voltage and current, of the same substation. When the protection system detects a fault based on measurements transmitted through a network, it collects all measurements of the substation and feeds these data to a probabilistic neural network. Thereafter, the fault caused by fake data that differs from the known fault pattern can be identified and blocked.

Oxygen saturation of the portal venous blood has been found to be higher than that of the systemic venous blood of anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs1,2 and human subjects.2-4 This has been observed in patients with and without liver disease. Regardless of the role of arteriovenous shunting in bringing about an elevated portal venous oxygen saturation, a number of other factors might conceivably have a part. This study was initiated in order to investigate several of them. It was our aim to learn the effect of the anesthetic state, of active body exercise, of digestion, and of hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult mongrel dogs weighing from 11 to 18 kg were used. Anesthesia was induced by the intravenous administration of sodium thiopental. Tracheal intubation was carried out, and the lungs were inflated rhythmically with 100% oxygen by means of a mechanical respirator. The animals had received nothing by mouth