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In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop the composite specimen using natural fibres. Natural fibres are the by-product of animals or plants considered waste and disposed into the sea or landfill. The present study involves the study of the mechanical properties of the natural fibre-based composite made of animal-based and plant-based powder. The animal-based fibre considered in the present study was eggshell (ES). Eggshell (ES) is a biodegradable and abundantly available organic waste. The plant-based fibre considered in the present study was rice husk (RH). Rice husk (RH) is an abundantly available biodegradable material of agro-organic waste. The composite was prepared with different percentages of ES and RH powder. Tensile and flexural testing was carried out on the developed samples. SEM image was obtained for the best resulted composite. The results showed that composite with 5% ES and 5% RH powder had higher tensile strength and flexural strength. The results also showed that composite with 5% ES and 5% RH powder has a better surface–property relationship than other composites.

This study aims to investigate the impact of post-processing techniques on the wear resistance of SS316L components after undergoing plasma beam treatment. The mechanical and microstructure properties were altered by applying heat treatment, thus enhancing wear resistance. Surface modification techniques aimed to improve wear resistance by altering the microstructure. Post-processing stress relief treatments were implemented to minimize residual stresses caused by plasma beam treatment. The post-processing techniques on wear resistance were evaluated through wear testing, microstructural analysis, and characterization of mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that specific post-processing techniques led to notable improvements, reducing material degradation, and extending the lifespan of components. By combining these techniques optimally, SS316L components with superior wear resistance were achieved, making them suitable for demanding applications.

In the present Study, preparation of E-glass reinforced with epoxy composites were done by adding wollastonite mineral filler to epoxy matrix with varied filler composition of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% by weight and samples are prepared through manual hand layup method followed by compression moulding. Continuing to this GFRP sample loaded with wollastonite is exposed to different temperature conditions viz., room temperature, heating cycle of + 50 °C, cooling cycle of − 5 °C for the duration of 168 hrs. Effect of filler on the impact behaviour E-glass/epoxy composites has been done through digital pendulum impact testing device to determine the energy absorbed, impact strength of samples when the samples are subjected to thermal aging by keeping time constant and by varying temperature. It has been concluded that the addition of filler influences greatly on impact properties of GFRP composites. Damage analysis was made using SEM and also the linear regression model was also adopted to predict the correlation with experimental values.

In the present study, the E glass reinforced epoxy composite filled with wollastonite was developed. Taguchi’s L27 technique was selected for developing and analysing the effects of control factors on the wear behaviour of composites. The control factors considered for the present study was filler (%), time (minute) and temperature (°Celsius). The wear experiments were carried out using pin on disc arrangements for different experimental conditions. After the wear test, the microstructural analysis was carried out on the specimens using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The regression coefficient of 98.8% and probability plot shows that the model was accurate and valid. From the optimization results, it was clear that the 7% filler percentage (high level), 5 min sliding time (low level) and 50 °C temperature (high level) will yield high wear resistance and lower material loss due to the wear of the composites. Further, a confirmation test with the optimized condition was conducted and validated using the SEM image. The results also showed that the Taguchi technique effectively studies the effects of the control factors for obtaining the maximum wear resistance of the composites.

In the present study, the polymer composite was produced with epoxy, E-glass and wollastonite as the matrix, reinforcement and filler material, respectively. The present study investigates the effect of the filler material on the mechanical performance of developed composite specimens. The reinforcement material selected was woven and chopped-type fibre material. The filler material composition in the woven and chopped-type specimens was individually varied with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The specimen was subject to mechanical testing, viz., tensile and flexural strength tests. Further, the wear rate of the normal specimen was tested to 5, 10 and 15 min. Additionally, the specimen was subjected to SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis after attaining fracture for each study. The results showed that the specimen with 1% filler material had better tensile strength. It was also found that the flexural strength was good and was increasing with the filler material. The wear rate was reduced with the increase in filler material composition in the specimen. The results show that the woven fabric specimen shows better mechanical performance than the chopped specimen.

Plackett–Burman’s design of experiment (DOE) technique provides a mathematical interrelationship between the output parameter and influential input parameters. The vibration separator performance was evaluated by considering three input variables: moisture, inclination, and frequency. Plackett–Burman DOE consists of a minimum number of 12 experimental trials for obtaining the most influential input parameter of the vibration separator. The output parameter of the vibration separator obtained for each experimental trial was separation efficiency. So, the present work provides the most influential input parameter, which highly controls the separation efficiency of the vibration separator for the separation of coal. The model was validated using the residual analysis. Further, the revalidation of the Plackett–Burman DOE mathematical model for the separation of coal was carried out by comparing the closeness of the experimental cube plot and predicted cube plot. Furthermore, the Pareto chart, normal plot, and ANOVA table were utilized to determine the significant input parameter for obtaining higher efficiency of vibration separator. The main effect plot, interactive plots, and optimization results provide the most optimized input parameter for obtaining higher efficiency of coal separation. So, the present work will provide the most influential parameters using Plackett–Burman DOE for separation of coal in the vibration separator.

Iron ores obtained from different sources differ in their chemical and physical properties. These variations make the process of grinding a difficult task. The work carried out in this context focuses on three different samples of iron ore, viz., high silica high alumina, low silica high alumina, and low silica low alumina. The grinding process for all the three iron ores is carried out individually in Bond’s ball mill and the total retention time taken by each iron ore sample is calculated. The present investigation focuses on utilizing the calculated retention time of the iron ore as a standard grinding reference time to the laboratory ball mill for optimizing the grinding time of each ore. The desired P80(150 μm) with an acceptable range of hematite liberation (> 75%) was obtained in the laboratory ball mill after reducing 6 min from the total retention time taken in the Bond ball mill.

The present investigation deals with the tribological behavior of high-temperature hot-forged Al6061–TiB2in situ composites. Three samples of Al6061–TiB2in situ composites were prepared with the variation in the in situ TiB2particles. An in situ technique forms TiB2particles by facilitating a reaction between Al–3%B and Al–10%Ti parent metals in the Al6061 melt at 800 °C. Further, approximately 5 wt% and 10 wt% TiB2particles were created in the Al6061 composite using suitable quantities of parent alloys. At 500 °C, the Al6061 and its in situ composites were subjected to hot forging, and about 50% reduction is employed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopy analysis were conducted to check the TiB2particle dispersion and worn surfaces in the in situ composites. The TiB2particle dispersion is found to be fairly uniform throughout the Al6061 matrix with minimal clustering. The results indicate that the friction coefficient increases initially when the temperature increases and then declines due to the oxides in the debris released from the top surfaces of the samples. The results show that the increase in the TiB2content in the Al6061–TiB2composites increases the composite wear rate.