7 results on '"Shan, Xiaoyi"'
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2. Changes in Spina Bifida Lesion Level After Folic Acid Fortification in the US
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Mai, Cara T., Evans, Jane, Alverson, Clinton J., Yue, Xin, Flood, Timothy, Arnold, Kathryn, Nestoridi, Eirini, Denson, Lindsay, Adisa, Olufunmilola, Moore, Cynthia A., Nance, Amy, Zielke, Katherine, Rice, Sydney, Shan, Xiaoyi, Dean, Jane H., Ethen, Mary, Hansen, Brenda, Isenburg, Jennifer, and Kirby, Russell S.
- Abstract
In 1992, the US Public Health Service recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant should consume 400 μg of folic acid daily to decrease the risk of neural tube defects (ie, spina bifida and anencephaly). The year 1998 brought mandated folic acid fortification of cereal products within the United States, following which a substantial decline in neural tube defects at birth occurred. Studies also have suggested that lesion levels in cases of spina bifida are directly affected by folic acid fortification. Locations of such lesions contribute to outcome and prognosis of the condition. When compared with sacral and lower lumbar lesions, the greatest risks of disability and mortality are associated with cervical, thoracic, and high lumbar lesions. Individuals with thoracic or high lumbar lesions require a wheelchair and orthosis in adulthood for ambulation 70% to 99% of the time. As lesion levels therefore determine function and overall quality of life, assessment of whether folic acid fortification significantly impacts lesion levels is important. This study aimed to examine patterns of lesion levels in spina bifida following mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States.A call was issued by the National Birth Defects Prevention Network for State Birth Defects Programs' spina bifida lesion data before and after fortification mandate. To be eligible, programs needed to provide verbatim medical record text descriptions of spina bifida diagnoses. The 6 participating programs were from the states of Arizona, California (covering 8 counties), Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and metropolitan Atlanta (Georgia). Birth years examined included the prefortification years of 1992–1996 and the postfortification period of 1999–2016. Central processing and analysis occurred as each program provided case-level data (deidentified) based on the exclusion/inclusion criteria to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Medical and record text description of the spina bifida diagnosis and codes were the basis of case information, using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modificationor the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Prevention/British Pediatric Association coding system. Types of spina bifida included in the study were spinal rachischisis, myelomeningocele/meningomyelocele, meningocele, and spina bifida not otherwise specified. Cases excluded were cranial lesions, lipomyelomeningocele/lipomeningomyelocele, dysraphism related to split cord malformations, and spina bifida occulta.Lesion-level information was provided based on the highest lesion using nonradiographic clinical assessment. Classification of severe upper-level lesions included cervical or thoracic lesion-level cases, whereas lower-level lesions included cases with lumbar or sacral. The study defined open lesion as leaking spinal fluid or membrane covered only, whereas closed lesions were defined as having intact-skin covering and lacking fluid leakage. Spina bifida cases were considered isolated when no other anomalies related to the primary cause of abnormal neural tube closure were present (nor were secondary to the neurologic complications caused by it). Examining associations between fortification period and the outcomes (lesion level and spina bifida) occurred using the generalized estimating approach to logistic (case severity analyses) and log-linear (PR analyses) regression, which accounted for clustering of cases by state.From a total of 7,816,062 live births, 2593 cases of spina bifida met the case inclusion criteria. Overall, 573 cases were included in the prefortification period (birth prevalence of 4.07 per 10,000 live births), and 2020 cases were included in the postfortification period (birth prevalence of 3.15 per 10,000 live births). Overall, 80.2% of cases resulted in live births, and most cases of spina bifida involved lower-level lesions (81.3%). Most lesions were lumbar, and the proportions prefortification and postfortification were 61.4% and 72.0%, respectively, with a higher proportion of lumbar lesions seen in the postfortification period. The odds of upper-level to lower-level lesions decreased by 70% after fortification. The spina bifida live birth prevalence decreased significantly and remained consistently low throughout the early, mid, and recent postfortification periods. The study found a 72% decrease overall in prevalence of severe, upper-level lesions following mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States.The limitations of the study include the shortcomings of relying on diagnostic codes, the difficulty of coding lesion level using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modificationcoding scheme, the lack of recorded functional outcome for children in medical records (indirect indicators of severity), the lack of preconception and prenatal folic acid data, and the possible variation of case ascertainment within programs contributing studies. A major study strength is its potential to address additional important questions regarding epidemiology and spina bifida. The classification of spinal defects is complex, and this study adds to the limited distribution data that exist for prefortification and postfortification subtypes.The study concluded that the overall prevalence of severe upper-level lesions in spina bifida cases experienced a steep reduction following mandatory folic acid fortification institution within the United States, whereas no change in the prevalence of less severe lower-level lesions took place. Additional examinations are warranted to better understand the magnitude and mechanism of spina bifida severity in relation to folic acid intake.
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- 2023
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3. Hypospadias prevalence by severity and associated risk factors: A population-based active surveillance analysis.
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Shan, Xiaoyi, Aguilar, Stephen, and Canon, Stephen
- Abstract
Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Trends of hypospadias prevalence by severity are not well reported. Most prevalence studies consist of pooled data from different countries or states suffer from low data quality due to inconsistent methodologies, limited variables, and lack of categorization of hypospadias severity. The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of hypospadias by degrees of severity and associated risk factors using combined data sources from a stable and well-defined population. The study population includes infants born with hypospadias to mothers residing in Arkansas from 1997 to 2016. Cases were identified from an active population-based surveillance program of birth defects. Identified hypospadias cases from surveillance data were linked to birth certificate and to a clinical database. These two data sources provide more details on the location of the defect and maternal and infant characteristics. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using total male live births as denominator. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of nominal variables. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio. A total 3230 hypospadias cases were identified from 1997 to 2016. The overall prevalence is 83.0 per 10,000 male births. A majority of cases (56.7%) were classified as first degree with the others having second degree (22.8%), third degree (4.7%) or not otherwise specified (15.6%). The highest prevalence of hypospadias was observed among Non-Hispanic whites. Higher prevalence also was observed among mothers in the older age group with no prenatal care in the first trimester and with gestational hypertension or diabetes. Premature or small for gestational age infants tend to have higher prevalence across all levels of severity. The number of hypospadias cases increased over time. After maternal age, race and education were adjusted, higher risk persisted for infants of restricted fetal growth, mothers with gestational hypertension or diabetes and the cohort of 2013–2016. There is an increase of hypospadias cases in Arkansas. Several maternal and infant characteristics associated with higher prevalence for all levels of severity are worth further investigation. Summary Table Prevalence of hypospadias per 10 000 by severity and selected characteristics 1997-2016. Summary Table 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree Not otherwise specified Cases Prevalence (95% CI) Cases Prevalence (95% CI) Cases Prevalence (95% CI) Cases Prevalence (95% CI) Maternal Race Non Hispanic–White 1442 53.9 (51.1–56.7) 551 20.6 (18.9–22.4) 91 3.4 (2.7–4.2) 385 14.4 (13.0–15.9) Non Hispanic–Black 232 31 (27.2–35.3) 123 16.4 (13.7–19.6) 39 5.2 (3.7–7.1) 80 10.7 (8.5–13.3) Maternal age 30–34 356 53.6 (48.2–59.4) 133 20 (16.8–23.7) 22 3.3 (2.1–5) 93 14 (11.3–17.1) 35+ 178 56.7 (48.7–65.6) 63 20.1 (15.4–25.7) 19 6.1 (3.6–9.4) 45 14.3 (10.5–19.2) Fetal growth Small for gestational age 213 61.7 (53.7–70.5) 112 32.4 (26.7–39) 61 17.7 (13.5–22.7) 78 22.6 (17.9–28.2) Appropriate gestational age 1373 43.7 (41.4–46.1) 540 17.2 (15.8–18.7) 79 2.5 (2.0–3.1) 370 11.8 (10.6–13) Gestational hypetension 113 58.7 (48.4–70.5) 48 24.9 (18.4–33.0) 28 14.5 (9.7–21) 42 21.8 (15.7–29.5) Gestational diabetes 73 53.9 (42.3–67.8) 33 24.4 (16.8–34.2) 8 5.9 (2.6–11.6) 20 14.8 (9.0–22.8) Birth cohort 2002–2006 546 56 (51.4–60.9) 149 15.3 (12.9–17.9) 37 3.8 (2.7–5.2) 93 9.5 (7.7–11.7) 2007–2011 430 42.5 (38.5–46.7) 228 22.5 (19.7–25.6) 45 4.4 (3.2–5.9) 153 15.1 (12.8–17.7) 2012–2016 505 52.5 (48.0–57.2) 256 26.6 (23.4–30.1) 46 4.8 (3.5–6.4) 118 12.3 (10.1–14.7) CI=Confidence Intervel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Changes in Spina Bifida Lesion Level after Folic Acid Fortification in the US.
- Author
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Mai, Cara T., Evans, Jane, Alverson, Clinton J., Yue, Xin, Flood, Timothy, Arnold, Kathryn, Nestoridi, Eirini, Denson, Lindsay, Adisa, Olufunmilola, Moore, Cynthia A., Nance, Amy, Zielke, Katherine, Rice, Sydney, Shan, Xiaoyi, Dean, Jane H., Ethen, Mary, Hansen, Brenda, Isenburg, Jennifer, and Kirby, Russell S.
- Abstract
Objective: To assess whether the severity of cases of spina bifida changed after the institution of mandatory folic acid fortification in the US.Study Design: Six active population-based birth defects programs provided data on cases of spina bifida for 1992-1996 (prefortification period) and 1999-2016 (postfortification period). The programs contributed varying years of data. Case information included both a medical record verbatim text description of the spina bifida diagnosis and spina bifida codes (International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, or a modified birth defects surveillance coding system). Comparing the prefortification and postfortification periods, aORs for case severity (upper-level lesions [cervical, thoracic] vs lower-level lesions [lumbar, sacral]) and prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated.Results: A total of 2593 cases of spina bifida (out of 7 816 062 live births) met the inclusion criteria, including 573 cases from the prefortification period and 2020 cases from the postfortification period. Case severity decreased by 70% (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.26-0.35) between the fortification periods. The decrease was most pronounced for non-Hispanic White mothers. Overall spina bifida prevalence declined by 23% (PR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71-0.85), with similar reductions seen across the early, mid, and recent postfortification periods. A statistically significant decrease in upper-level lesions occurred in the postfortification period compared with the prefortification period (PR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.22-0.34), whereas the prevalence of lower-level lesions remained relatively similar (PR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84-1.05).Conclusions: The severity of spina bifida cases decreased after mandatory folic acid fortification in the US. Further examination is warranted to better understand the potential effect of folic acid on spina bifida severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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5. Differential regulation of G protein signaling in Arabidopsisthrough two distinct pathways that internalize AtRGS1
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Watkins, Justin M., Ross-Elliott, Timothy J., Shan, Xiaoyi, Lou, Fei, Dreyer, Bernd, Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral, Jia, Haiyan, Yang, Jing, Oliveira, Celio Cabral, Wu, Luguang, Trusov, Yuri, Schwochert, Timothy D., Krysan, Patrick, and Jones, Alan M.
- Abstract
Segregated pathways enable AtRGS1 endocytosis to transduce signal-specific responses in Arabidopsis.
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- 2021
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6. Current progress of PM-localized protein functions in jasmonate pathway
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Qi, Xueying, Gu, Pan, and Shan, Xiaoyi
- Abstract
ABSTRACTJasmonate (JA), a class of lipid-derived phytohormone, regulates diverse developmental processes and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. The biosynthesis and signaling of JA mainly occur in various organelles, except for the plasma membrane (PM). Recently, several PM proteins have been reported to be associated with the JA pathway. This mini-review summarized the recent progress on the functional role of PM-localized proteins involved in JA transportation, JA-related defense responses, and JA-regulated endocytosis.
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- 2021
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7. New perspective of jasmonate function in leaf senescence
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Shan, Xiaoyi, Li, Chenggang, Peng, Wen, and Gao, Bida
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Jasmonates (JAs) induce leaf senescence in many plant species. The Arabidopsis F-box protein coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) is required for various JA-regulated plant responses including plant fertility, defense responses and leaf senescence. However, the molecular basis for COI1-dependent JA-induced leaf senescence remains unknown. In our Plant Physiology paper, we identified a COI1-dependent JA-repressed protein, Rubisco activase (RCA) in Arabidopsis. Further genetic and physiological analyses showed that the COI1-dependent JA repression of RCA correlated with JA-induced leaf senescence, and that loss of RCA led to typical senescence-associated features. Therefore, we suggested that the COI1-dependent JA repression of RCA played an important role in JA-induced leaf senescence. In this addendum, we made a relatively deep discussion on RCA function in JA-induced leaf senescence and JA-mediated defense responses. We also discussed the possible role of JA in plant natural senescence.
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- 2011
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