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Scorzonerapapposa, a member of the Scorzonera genus, is not investigated deeply regarding its volatile oil composition and seconder metabolite content in Turkey. In our study we were able to distinguish Scorzonera papposa plant parts regarding their chemical content. 56 different volatile oil components could be detected in different plant parts of this species using GC-MS analysis. Further, investigated plant material was screened using 13 bioactive phenolics namely, Apigenin, Caffeic, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Gallocatechin, Isoquercitrin, Luteolin, p-Coumaric acid, Quercetin, Quercitrin, Rosmarinic acid, Rutin and Thymol. Volatile oil analysis of different parts of S. papposa revealed huge variation regarding their essential oil components from which a lot of could be used in pharmaceutical investigations. The highest amounts were detected with 16,78% for Methyl palmitate in root, 30.44 % for Phytone in stem, 40.17 % for Phytone in leaf and and 31.84 % for Phytol in seed. Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Hyperoside and Avicularin coud be deteceted in highest amount in all plant parts. Apigenin and Neochlorogenic acid was present only in stem parts. Important phenolic compounds as Caffeic acid, Eepicatechin, Gallocatechin, Isoquercitrin, Luteolin, p-Coumaric acid, Quercetin, Rosmarinic acid, Rutin and Thymol were determined in this Scorzonera species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinacea (Echinacea ssp.) has been widely used in folk medicine for centuries and has a high market share and medicinal value, because more than 280 different products are sold economically in Europe. Generally, germination rate of Echinacea seeds is very low and poor seedling growth is an ongoing problem compared to other medicinal plants. Different methods were used before sowing that effect seedling quality which have positive effects on yield. In this study, the effects of stratification and moisturizing on the germination of Echinacea seeds were investigated. It was determined that stratification + moisturizing treatment at +4 °C with different day intervals (0, 5, 10, 15 days) had a significant (p<0.01) effect on germination rates on seeds of Echinacea purpurea L. and Echinacea angustifolia L., besides the same effect was observed in epicotyl and hypocotyl lengths. Germination rates and seedling outflows were highest in moist seeds that kept at +4 °C temperature for 15 days. It is clear from the study that stratification and moisturizing methods were efficient in breaking dormancy and also used methods were non-chemical, easily applicable and economically advantage for commercial plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]