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AbstractDevelopers of museum service systems want to know what users think about their systems and they often design questionnaires to capture users' opinions. However, there are usually serious gaps between what developers want to know and what the users really think about the system. The present research aims to develop a questionnaire that takes into consideration the user's point of view, including opinions of people who do not want to use the system. We put the plan into practice by gathering opinions such as feelings, demands, and expectations about the systems from the general public.

AbstractWhile opinions from the general public are certainly important, opinions from the museum staff are also necessary to improve user service systems. This article introduces two groups of museum staff who have evaluated the usability of mobile guidance systems in Japanese museums. One group is the research team who used the PDA system in The National Science Museum, Tokyo, and the other is the user-support staff of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History. In the former research we asked the members of the group to give their comments about the usability of the PDA, and in the latter research we conducted open-ended interviews individually with the museum staff. As a result, we obtained various opinions from each group. They often differed in their opinions from those of the general public.

In order to elucidate how the fragmentation dynamics differs depending on chemical-bond orientation on the surface, we have measured the polarization-angle dependence of the photon-stimulated ion-desorption (PSID) yield spectra from condensed formic acid around the C 1s region. The measurements were done using linearly polarized synchrotron radiation combined with a newly constructed time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Photoabsorption (or X-ray absorption near edge structures) and PSID yield spectra showed considerably different polarization dependencies. Fragment-ion yields for C 1s→σ*C–Hresonance were greatly increased when the direction of the electric field vector (E) of the light became close to perpendicular to the surface. The results imply that the fragments formed from the perpendicularly protruding molecular plane or bond axis preferentially survive the charge-transfer de-excitation by surrounding molecules or underlayers and lead to desorption.

According to the ion desorption from condensed methyl formate (DCOOCH3) by C 1selectron excitation, C+yield was strongly enhanced at 289.1 eV, a higher energy side of C1s(DC) ⇒π*(C=O) peak. This feature could not be clearly assigned. In this work, to clarify the feature, fragment‐ion yield curves of gas‐phase methyl formate were measured and compared with those of condensed one, since gas‐phase and condensed systems are presumed to show more or less similar fragment‐ion yield curves under similar excitations. The results demonstrate that fragment‐ion yield curves are useful for the assignments of NEXAFS features in both gaseous and condensed polyatomic molecules.