29 results on '"Schmitz, Joy M."'
Search Results
2. An opioid-minimizing multimodal pain regimen reduces opioid exposure and pain in trauma-injured patients at high risk for opioid misuse: Secondary analysis from the mast trial.
- Author
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de Dios, Constanza, Suchting, Robert, Green, Charles, Klugh, James M., Harvin, John A., Webber, Heather E., Schmitz, Joy M., Lane, Scott D., Yoon, Jin H., Heads, Angela, Motley, Kandice, and Stotts, Angela
- Abstract
Screening to identify patients at risk for opioid misuse after trauma is recommended but not commonly used to guide perioperative opioid management interventions. The Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma trial demonstrated that an opioid-minimizing multimodal pain regimen reduced opioid exposure in a heterogeneous trauma patient population. Here, we assess the efficacy of the Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma multimodal pain regimen in a critical patient subgroup who screened at high risk for opioid misuse. The Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma trial compared an opioid-minimizing multimodal pain regimen (oral acetaminophen, naproxen, gabapentin, lidocaine patch, as-needed opioid) against an original multimodal pain regimen (intravenous followed by oral acetaminophen, 48-hour celecoxib and pregabalin, followed by naproxen and gabapentin, scheduled tramadol, as-needed opioid), in a randomized trial conducted from April 2018 to March 2019. A total of 631 enrolled patients were classified either as low- or high-risk via the Opioid Risk Tool. Bayesian analyses evaluated the moderating influence of Opioid Risk Tool risk (high/low) on the effect of Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma multimodal pain regimen (versus original) on opioid exposure (morphine milligram equivalents/day), opioids prescribed at discharge, and pain scores. Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma multimodal pain regimen effectively reduced morphine milligram equivalents/day in low- and high-Opioid Risk Tool risk groups. Moderation was observed for opioids at discharge and pain scores; Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma multimodal pain regimen was effective in the high-risk group only (opioids at discharge: 63% vs 77%, relative risk = 0.86, 95% Bayesian credible interval [0.66–1.08], posterior probability (relative risk <1) = 90%; pain scores: b = 3.8, 95% Bayesian credible interval [3.2–4.4] vs b = 4.0, 95% Bayesian credible interval [3.4–4.6], posterior probability (b <0) = 87%). This study is the first to show the moderating influence of opioid misuse risk on the effectiveness of an opioid-minimizing multimodal pain regimen. The Opioid Risk Tool was useful in identifying high-risk patients for whom the Multimodal Analgesic Strategies for Trauma multimodal pain regimen is recommended for perioperative pain management. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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3. Feasibility of Exenatide, a GLP-1R Agonist, for Treating Cocaine Use Disorder: A Case Series Study.
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Yammine, Luba, Balderas, Jessica C., Weaver, Michael F., and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
Cocaine use remains a serious public health problem associated with a marked increase in overdose deaths in the past decade. No medications have yet been proven to be effective for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD). Among the highly promising medications have been glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) that are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight management. Preclinically, GLP-1RAs have been shown to attenuate cocaine selfadministration, however, this has not yet been demonstrated in a human laboratory study. The GLP-1RA extended-release exenatide is given as a once-weekly injection, which may be clinically advantageous for addressing medication nonadherence among individuals with CUD. Here, we assess feasibility and safety by reporting on 3 cases of patients with CUD who received 6 weeks of exenatide 2 mg subcutaneously once-weekly in an open-label fashion, along with standard individual drug counseling. We observed excellent attendance and compliance, along with positive end-of-study satisfaction ratings. The medication was well tolerated and without unexpected or severe adverse events. Results for cocaine use and related clinical effects weremore mixed, yet encouraging. Future empirical testing of exenatide for treating CUD should utilize a randomized controlled trial design and longer treatment duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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4. Feasibility of Exenatide, a GLP-1R Agonist, for Treating Cocaine Use Disorder: A Case Series Study
- Author
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Yammine, Luba, Balderas, Jessica C., Weaver, Michael F., and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Published
- 2023
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5. Baseline cocaine demand predicts contingency management treatment outcomes for cocaine-use disorder.
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Yoon, Jin H., Suchting, Robert, McKay, Sarah A., San Miguel, Guadalupe G., Vujanovic, Anka A., Stotts, Angela L., Lane, Scott D., Vincent, Jessica N., Weaver, Michael F., Lin, Austin, and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue. Behavioral interventions such as contingency management (CM) have been demonstrated to be highly effective in promoting cocaine abstinence. However, identifying individual characteristics associated with cocaine relapse may help improve treatment outcomes. Cocaine demand is a behavioral economic measure that shares a scientific foundation with CM. In the current study, we assessed baseline cocaine demand using a hypothetical cocaine purchasing task. Participants (N = 58) consisted of treatment-seeking individuals with CUD. All participants received 1 month of CM treatment for cocaine abstinence, and treatment responders were defined as presenting 6 consecutive cocaine negative urine samples from thrice weekly clinic visits. Demand data were well described by the exponentiated demand model. Indices of demand (intensity of demand [Q₀], elasticity [α]) were significantly associated with recent (last 30 days) cocaine use. Importantly, linear regression revealed that CM treatment nonresponders presented significantly higher Q₀ (p = .025). Subsequent quantile regression analyses examining the relationship between CM treatment response and Q₀ revealed statistically reliable effects of being a nonresponder across 3 of the lower percentiles (i.e., 15, 25, and 30). Overall, these findings provide further support for the utility of exponentiated demand model. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between baseline demand and contingency management response and systematically extend the findings of prior demand research to a novel drug class, cocaine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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6. Assessing attentional bias and inhibitory control in cannabis use disorder using an eye-tracking paradigm with personalized stimuli.
- Author
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Yoon, Jin H, San Miguel, Guadalupe G, Vincent, Jessica N, Suchting, Robert, Haliwa, Ilana, Weaver, Michael F, Schmitz, Joy M, and Lane, Scott D
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- 2019
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7. A Novel, Integrated Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders: A Case Study.
- Author
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Tipton, Kathryn P., Schmitz, Joy M., Vujanovic, Anka A., and Smith, Lia J.
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COGNITIVE therapy ,POST-traumatic stress ,SUBSTANCE-induced disorders ,COCAINE-induced disorders ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,EXPOSURE therapy ,CASE studies - Abstract
Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are complex psychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur. No preferred, evidence-based treatments for PTSD/SUD comorbidity are presently available. Promising integrated treatments have combined prolonged exposure therapy with cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention therapy for SUD. We describe a case study that showcases a novel, integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for PTSD/SUD, entitled Treatment of Integrated Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use (TIPSS). The TIPSS program integrates cognitive processing therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy for SUD for the treatment of co-occurring PTSD/SUD. The present case report, based upon a woman with PTSD comorbid with both cocaine and alcohol dependence, demonstrates that TIPSS has the potential to effectively reduce PTSD symptoms as well as substance use. Highlights • This case study showcases a novel, integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders. • Novel approach is entitled Treatment of Integrated Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use (TIPSS). • TIPSS integrates cognitive processing therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use disorder. • The treatment is comprised of 12, 60-minute individual psychotherapy sessions. • The profiled case demonstrates significant reduction in PTSD symptoms and substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. Distress tolerance: Associations with trauma and substance cue reactivity in low-income, inner-city adults with substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress.
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Vujanovic, Anka A., Wardle, Margaret C., Bakhshaie, Jafar, Smith, Lia J., Green, Charles E., Lane, Scott D., and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
Cue reactivity has great potential to advance our understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), and PTSD/SUD comorbidity. The present investigation examined distress tolerance (DT) with regard to trauma and substance cue reactivity. Participants included 58 low-income, inner-city adults (49.1% women; Mage = 45.73, SD = 10.00) with substance dependence and at least 4 symptoms of PTSD. A script-driven cue reactivity paradigm was utilized. Four DT measures were administered, including the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Mirror-Tracing Persistence Task (MTPT), Breath-Holding Task (BH), and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT). Lower DT, as indexed by MTPT duration, was significantly predictive of greater levels of self-reported substance cravings/urges in response to trauma cues, above and beyond covariates. Lower DTS scores predicted lower levels of self-reported control/safety ratings in response to substance cues. None of the DT indices was significantly predictive of heart rate variability. Clinical and research implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Naltrexone plus bupropion reduces cigarette smoking in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: A secondary analysis from the CTN ADAPT-2 trial
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Schmitz, Joy M., Stotts, Angela L., Yoon, Jin, Northrup, Thomas F., Villarreal, Yolanda, Yammine, Luba, Weaver, Michael F., Carmody, Thomas, Shoptaw, Steven, and Trivedi, Madhukar H.
- Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) use is marked by high rates of comorbid tobacco smoking, which is associated with more severe drug use and worse clinical outcomes compared to single use of either drug. Research has shown the combination of naltrexone plus oral bupropion (NTX-BUP) improves smoking cessation outcomes in non-MA-using populations. In the Accelerated Development of Additive Pharmacotherapy Treatment (ADAPT-2) study, NTX-BUP successfully reduced MA use. Our aim in this secondary data analysis was to examine changes in cigarette smoking among the subgroup of participants reporting comorbid tobacco use in the ADAPT-2 trial.
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- 2023
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10. Demographic and Psychological Factors Associated With Lifetime Cocaine Use: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Baseline Questionnaires.
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Dias, Nadeeka R., Lane, Scott D., Rathnayaka, Nuvan, Schmitz, Joy M., and Green, Charles E.
- Published
- 2015
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11. The Role of Avoidance and Inflexibility in Characterizing Response to Contingency Management for Cocaine Use Disorders: A Secondary Profile Analysis.
- Author
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Stotts, Angela L., Vujanovic, Anka, Heads, Angela, Suchting, Robert, Green, Charles E., and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
The article examines the efficacy of reinforcement-based approach called contingency management (CM) in providing tangible rewards for objectively verified drug abstinence. It highlights the use of Cm in behavioral intervention for cocaine use disorders with significant rates of nonresponse. Also mentioned is the second profile analysis in cocaine-dependent, treatment-seeking adults using standardized mean scores for negative affect measurement and experiential avoidance.
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- 2015
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12. Hospital Length of Stay in Individuals With Schizophrenia With and Without Cocaine-Positive Urine Drug Screens at Hospital Admission
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Wu, Hanjing Emily, Mohite, Satyajit, Ngana, Ikenna, Burns, Wilma, Shah, Nurun, Schneider, Laurie, Schmitz, Joy M., Lane, Scott D., and Okusaga, Olaoluwa O.
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Despite the high prevalence of cocaine use disorder (CUD) in individuals with schizophrenia, current understanding of the effect of cocaine on psychiatric hospital length of stay (LOS) in individuals with schizophrenia is limited. We therefore retrospectively examined the medical records of 5106 hospital admissions due to exacerbation of schizophrenia. Linear regression and t-test were used to compare LOS between individuals with schizophrenia with cocaine-positive urine drug test results and those with negative test results. Individuals with schizophrenia who were also positive for cocaine had shorter LOS from both unadjusted (geometric mean LOS, 8.07 ± 1.92 vs.11.83 ± 1.83 days; p< 0.001) and adjusted (= 0.69; confidence interval, 0.63–0.76; p< 0.001) analyses. Our results suggest that individuals with schizophrenia who also have comorbid CUD may require shorter inpatient treatment during periods of exacerbation of symptoms. Replication of this finding has relevance in treatment planning and resource allocation for the subpopulation of individuals with schizophrenia who also have stimulant use disorders.
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- 2015
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13. The Role of Homework in Cognitive -- Behavioral Therapy for Cocaine Dependence.
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Gonzalez, Vivian M., Schmitz, Joy M., and DeLaune, Katherine A.
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SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,COGNITIVE therapy ,HOMEWORK ,COOPERATIVENESS ,STATISTICAL correlation ,COCAINE abuse ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
This study examines the effect of homework compliance on treatment Outcome in 123 participants receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for cocaine dependence. Regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between homework compliance and cocaine use that was moderated by readiness to change. Homework compliance predicted less cocaine use during treatment but only for participants higher in readiness to change. For those lower in readiness to change, homework compliance was not associated with cocaine use during treatment. Homework compliance early in therapy was associated with better retention in treatment. Homework compliance was not predicted by participants' level of education or readiness to change. These findings support the use of homework during CBT for substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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14. Motivational Interviewing With Cocaine-Dependent Patients: A Pilot Study.
- Author
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Stotts, Angela L., Schmitz, Joy M., Rhoades, Howard M., and Grabowski, John
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COCAINE abuse ,DETOXIFICATION (Substance abuse treatment) ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Evaluates a brief motivational interviewing intervention within the context of an outpatient cocaine-detoxification program. Completion of the detoxification program; Improvement of outcome during subsequent treatments.
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- 2001
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15. The influence of dopamine -hydroxylase gene polymorphism rs1611115 on levodopacarbidopa treatment for cocaine dependence
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Liu, Shijing, Green, Charles E., Lane, Scott D., Kosten, Thomas R., Moeller, Frederick G., Nielsen, David A., and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that heterogeneity in the level of dopamine activity and function might be useful for identifying a subgroup of cocaine-dependent patients responding better to dopamine-enhancement pharmacotherapy. Here we hypothesized that response to levodopacarbidopa treatment would be greater in patients with genetically determined low levels of the dopamine metabolizing enzyme dopamine -hydroxylase (DH). Seventy-one cocaine-dependent patients who participated in a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of levodopacarbidopa were genotyped for the DH gene (DBH) polymorphism rs1611115. Our results showed that for patients with the low DH activity genotypes (CTTT) who received levodopa, the odds of having cocaine-positive urine decreased significantly over treatment compared with placebo-treated patients with the CTTT genotypes (P=0.004). Individuals with the normal DH activity genotype (CC) showed no differential response to levodopa. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in a larger sample focusing on the DBHpolymorphism.
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- 2014
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16. A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Study of Naltrexone in Outpatients With Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence
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Brown, E. Sherwood, Carmody, Thomas J., Schmitz, Joy M., Caetano, Raul, Adinoff, Bryon, Swann, Alan C., and Rush, A. John
- Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence is extremely common in patients with bipolar disorder and is associated with unfavorable outcomes including treatment nonadherence, violence, increased hospitalization, and decreased quality of life. While naltrexone is a standard treatment for alcohol dependence, no controlled trials have examined its use in patients with co‐morbid bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence. In this pilot study, the efficacy of naltrexone in reducing alcohol use and on mood symptoms was assessed in bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence.
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- 2009
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17. Testing the Significance of Difference in Average Rates of Change in Controlled Longitudinal Studies With High Dropout Rates
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Overall, John E., Tonidandel, Scott, and Schmitz, Joy M.
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This article concerns methodology for testing the significance of differences in mean rates of change in controlled repeated measurements designs with limited sample sizes, autoregressive error structures, nonlinear patterns of underlying true mean change, dropout rates exceeding 50%, plus other missing data. Each of these is problematic for ordinary repeated measures analysis of variance, and a complex generalized linear mixed model formulation popularly advocated for the ability to deal with autoregressive error structures and missing data is shown to perform poorly in such circumstances. Monte Carlo simulation methods confirm that simple two-stage analyses of dropout-weighted linear slope coefficients provide conservative Type 1 error protection, although adequate power requires the presence of large treatment effects in studies with the limited sample sizes and high proportions of missing data. No other analysis has been documented to provide both conservative Type 1 error protection and competitive power under similarly taxing conditions.
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- 2009
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18. Naltrexone and relapse prevention treatment for cocaine-dependent patients
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Schmitz, Joy M., Stotts, Angela L., Rhoades, Howard M., and Grabowski, John
- Abstract
A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining the joint action of naltrexone (NTX) in combination with relapse prevention (RP) therapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence was conducted. Eighty-five participants who achieved initial abstinence during the intake evaluation and detoxification phase of the study were randomized into 1 of 4 combined NTX (0 vs. 50 mg) by therapy (RP vs. Drug Counseling) experimental conditions for the 12-week outpatient treatment phase of the study. A random effects regression model to test for group differences on percentage of cocaine-positive urines indicated a significant time by medication by therapy interaction, suggesting less cocaine use over time among subjects receiving RP-50mg than those in the other conditions. No differences were found for retention or time until first cocaine-positive urine. Naltrexone was well tolerated by participants, with acceptable rates of medication compliance observed. Treatment integrity measures confirmed successful manipulation of the psychotherapy. These results are consistent with the notion that substance use in dependent patients can be reduced with a combination of coping skills training and pharmacologic treatments.
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- 2001
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19. Risperidone for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
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Grabowski, John, Rhoades, Howard, Silverman, Peter, Schmitz, Joy M., Stotts, Angela, Creson, Dan, and Bailey, Rahn
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A partial blockade of the multiple actions of cocaine is one strategy by which cocaine dependence may be treated. Risperidone, a 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine D2antagonist, is an atypical antipsychotic and was a candidate medication for the treatment of cocaine dependence. One hundred ninety-three cocaine-dependent subjects were enrolled in a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects initially received either placebo or 4 or 8 mg of risperidone, with a subsequent change to active doses of 2 mg and 4 mg. Subjects attended the clinic twice each week, provided urine samples, obtained medication, and underwent one behavioral therapy session per week. The study was terminated at the interim analysis. Retention was worse for the 4- and 8-mg active medication groups. Side effects were primarily associated with the 8-mg dose, although neither 2 mg nor 4 mg was well accepted by subjects. There was no reduction in cocaine use associated with risperidone. The results suggest that although antagonists might be a useful treatment approach, such as in the treatment of opiate dependence, risperidone is unlikely to find broad acceptance with the treatment-seeking population.
- Published
- 2000
20. Laboratory Measures of Methylphenidate Effects in Cocaine-Dependent Patients Receiving Treatment
- Author
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Roache, John D., Grabowski, John, Schmitz, Joy M., Creson, Daniel L., and Rhoades, Howard M.
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Two experiments examined the effects of methylphenidate in male and female patients enrolled in an outpatient treatment program for primary cocaine dependence. The first study was a component of a double-blind efficacy trial wherein 57 patients were first tested in a human laboratory for their initial responsiveness to medication. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or methylphenidate treatment and received their first dose in the human laboratory environment before continuing in outpatient treatment. Methylphenidate was given as a 20-mg sustained-release dose (twice daily) plus an additional 5-mg immediate-release dose combined with the morning dose. Methylphenidate increased heart rate and subjective ratings; however, the subjective effects were primarily of a "dysphoric" nature, and significant effects were limited to increases in anxiety, depression, and anger on the Profile of Mood States; shaky/jittery ratings on a visual analog scale; and dysphoria on the lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) scale of the Addiction Research Center Inventory. Methylphenidate did not increase cocaine craving nor ratings suggesting abuse potential (i.e., Morphine-Benzedrine Group or drug-liking scores, etc.). None of the drug effects observed in the human laboratory was of clinical concern, and no subject was precluded from continuing in the outpatient study. After outpatient treatment completion, 12 patients were brought back into a second double-blind human laboratory study in which three doses (15, 30, and 60 mg) of immediate-release methylphenidate were administered in an ascending series preceded and followed by placebo. Methylphenidate produced dose-related increases in heart rate, subjective ratings of shaky/jittery, and LSD/dysphoria without significantly altering cocaine craving or stimulant euphoria ratings. These results suggest that stimulant substitution-type approaches to the treatment of cocaine dependence are not necessarily contraindicated because of cardiovascular toxicity or medication abuse potential. However, they also suggest that the subjective effects of methylphenidate may not be positive enough for an adequate replacement approach.
- Published
- 2000
21. Reducing Tobacco Smoke Exposure in High-Risk Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
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Stotts, Angela L., Northrup, Thomas F., Green, Charles, Suchting, Robert, Hovell, Melbourne F., Khan, Amir, Villarreal, Yolanda R., Schmitz, Joy M., Velasquez, Mary M., Hammond, S. Katharine, Hoh, Eunha, and Tyson, Jon
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a hospital-initiated intervention to reduce tobacco smoke exposure in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.Study Design: A randomized, controlled trial compared motivational interviewing plus financial incentives with conventional care on infant urine cotinine at 1 and 4 months' follow-up. Mothers of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (N = 360) who reported a smoker living in the home were enrolled. Motivational interviewing sessions were delivered in both the hospital and the home. Financial incentives followed session attendance and negative infant cotinine tests postdischarge.Results: The intervention effect on infant cotinine was not significant, except among mothers who reported high baseline readiness/ability to protect their infant (P ≤ .01) and mothers who completed the study within 6 months postdischarge (per protocol; P ≤ .05). Fewer mothers in the motivational interviewing plus financial incentives condition were smoking postdischarge (P ≤ .01). More mothers in the motivational interviewing plus financial incentives group reported a total home and car smoking ban at follow-up (P ≤ .05).Conclusions: Motivational interviewing combined with financial incentives reduced infant tobacco smoke exposure in a subset of women who were ready/able to protect their infant. The intervention also resulted in less maternal smoking postpartum. More robust interventions that include maternal and partner/household smoking cessation are likely needed to reduce the costly effects of tobacco smoke exposure on children and their families.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01726062. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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22. Situational analysis of coping in substance-abusing patients
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Schmitz, Joy M., Oswald, Lynn M., Damin, Paul, and Mattis, Paul
- Abstract
A recently revised version of the Situational Competency Test (SCTDR), a tape-recorded role-play assessment procedure, was used to evaluate situational specificity of coping in hospitalized substance-abusing patients (N= 24). Responses to six types of high-risk situations were scored according to coping method used (active cognitive, active behavioral, avoidance, help-seeking) and objective response parameters (latency, duration, specification, compliance). Additionally, patterns of past drug use and self-efficacy were evaluated for situational variability and association with coping response measures. Findings revealed that the situational profiles for each of the four coping methods were distinct, and that each coping method was used differentially across high-risk situations. Objective scoring dimensions demonstrated patterns of situational specificity, for example, subjects' responses in situations involving unpleasant emotions were more delayed, shorter, and less specific than in other types of high-risk situations. Heavy past drug use and low self-efficacy were significantly related to latency in responding. These findings are consistent with previous studies in which substance abusers' coping was shown to be at least partially dependent on situational parameters.
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- 1995
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23. Treatment session frequency and smoking cessation
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Schmitz, Joy M. and Tate, James C.
- Abstract
In a retrospective program evaluation analysis, we compared abstinence rates in 78 smokers participating in a 2-, 3-, or 6-week clinic-based behavioral-pharmacological smoking cessation program. The three treatment formats consisted of six sessions that varied in session frequency. Retention and end-of-treatment smoking cessation rates were best in the medium-frequency (3-week) and high-frequency (2-week) treatment session formats. One-year follow-up abstinence rates were highest in the medium-frequency format, and lowest in the high-frequency format. A significant patient—treatment interaction effect was found for pretreatment smoking rate. Individuals with lower pretreatment smoking rates benefited most with respect to end-of-treatment cessation rates from the medium- and high-frequency treatment session format. However, this effect was not significant at the 1-year follow-up. The need for prospective research and patient-to-treatment matching implications in smoking cessation programs are discussed.
- Published
- 1994
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24. Cognitive and affective responses to successful coping during smoking cessation
- Author
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Schmitz, Joy M., Rosenfarb, Irwin S., and Payne, Thomas J.
- Abstract
Based on Marlatt's relapse model, this study examined the previously unexplored role of cognitive and affective responses that follow successful coping experiences during smoking cessation. Twenty-six smokers completed self-report measures of attribution, efficacy, and affect in response to smoking cessation behaviors during treatment and at 2-, 4-, and 8-week follow-ups. Subjects abstinent at 3-month follow-up were more likely to attribute their successful quitting behaviors to more internal, stable, and controllable factors, and they reported enhanced self-efficacy, compared with smokers. Differences in affective responses to successful coping by quitters and smokers were not significant. Implications of the findings with respect to relapse theory and relapse prevention treatment are discussed.
- Published
- 1993
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25. Cocaine craving: An evaluation across treatment phases
- Author
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Bordnick, Patrick S. and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
This study examined the relationship between verbal reports of craving and actual cocaine use across different treatment phases using a longitudinal design. Participants (n= 32) were cocaine-dependent patients who completed an inpatient chemical dependency program and then participated in an 8-week outpatient relapse prevention program. Craving ratings and urine samples were collected during hospitalization, at 12 weekly outpatient treatment sessions, and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24-week follow-up. Craving increased significantly from inpatient to outpatient treatment. Cocaine-abstinent participants reported lower craving across outpatient treatment and follow-up compared to moderate and heavy cocaine users. The overall relationship between craving and total proportion of cocaine positive urines was highly significant. Implications of these findings for advancing our theoretical and practical knowledge about craving and cocaine use, are explored.
- Published
- 1998
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26. Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism predicts relationship between years of cocaine use and impulsivity.
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Shijing Liu, Maili, Lorena, Lane, Scott D., Schmitz, Joy M., Spellicy, Catherine J., Cunningham, Kathryn A., Gerard Moeller, F., and Nielsen, David A.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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27. Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism predicts relationship between years of cocaine use and impulsivity
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Liu, Shijing, Maili, Lorena, Lane, Scott D., Schmitz, Joy M., Spellicy, Catherine J., Cunningham, Kathryn A., Moeller, F. Gerard, and Nielsen, David A.
- Published
- 2015
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28. Psychologic treatment of substance abuse
- Author
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Grabowski, John and Schmitz, Joy M.
- Abstract
Psychologic approaches continue to represent the mainstay of treatment for most types of substance abuse problems.As evident in this review of empiric studies published in the past 12 months, the most effective treatments include approaches based on behavioral and cognitive-behavioral theoretical models. Client-to-treatment matching hypotheses have received mixed support. The influence of treatment delivery variables is covered in this review. Curr Opin Psychiatry 11:289-293.
- Published
- 1998
29. Replacement Medication for Cocaine Dependence
- Author
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Grabowski, John, Roache, John D., Schmitz, Joy M., Rhoades, Howard, Creson, Daniel, and Korszun, Ania
- Abstract
Agonists, or "replacement medications," are useful adjuncts in treatment of opiate and nicotine dependence.They have not been systematically examined in cocaine dependence. Results of early open trials with methylphenidate for treatment of cocaine dependence were equivocal. Twenty-four cocaine-dependent subjects were enrolled in an 11-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study of methylphenidate. Assignment was random. Intake included a 2-day human laboratory procedure in which subjects received initial doses of methylphenidate or placebo. Subjects attended the clinic Monday through Friday and received oral doses of methylphenidate (5 mg plus 20-mg sustained release) or placebo at 8:00 a.m., with afternoon and weekend take-home doses (20 mg sustained-release or placebo) provided in Medication Events Monitoring System bottles to monitor compliance. Clinic visits included therapy sessions, electrocardiograms, self-report measures, and twice-weekly urine screens. The two groups were equivalent in terms of retention (methylphenidate 48% and placebo 42%) and had similar cocaine use outcomes (40% benzoylecgonine-positive urine screens). There were no significant adverse effects. The doses were sufficient to permit detection of psychoactive effects ("stimulant," "more energy") and side effects ("jitteriness," "eating less") without increased "craving." Additional medications with different effects profiles are being studied to further evaluate the replacement model in cocaine dependence. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:485-488).
- Published
- 1997
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