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The mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases is important for many chemical and biological industrial processes. The parameters circulating gas flow rate, circulating liquid flow rate and the gas hold‐up in the riser and downcomer are important. A model is presented and validated by experimental data, which were gained in an airlift loop reactor of pilot plant scale.

Sorghum is an important target for plant genomic mapping because of its adaptation to harsh environments, diverse germplasm collection, and value for comparing the genomes of grass species such as corn and rice. The construction of an integrated genetic and physical map of the sorghum genome (750 Mbp) is a primary goal of our sorghum genome project. To help accomplish this task, we have developed a new high-throughput PCR-based method for building BAC contigs and locating BAC clones on the sorghum genetic map. This task involved pooling 24,576 sorghum BAC clones ( approximately 4x genome equivalents) in six different matrices to create 184 pools of BAC DNA. DNA fragments from each pool were amplified using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology, resolved on a LI-COR dual-dye DNA sequencing system, and analyzed using Bionumerics software. On average, each set of AFLP primers amplified 28 single-copy DNA markers that were useful for identifying overlapping BAC clones. Data from 32 different AFLP primer combinations identified approximately 2400 BACs and ordered approximately 700 BAC contigs. Analysis of a sorghum RIL mapping population using the same primer pairs located approximately 200 of the BAC contigs on the sorghum genetic map. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of the entire collection of sorghum BAC clones was applied to test and extend the contigs constructed using this PCR-based methodology. Analysis of the fingerprint data allowed for the identification of 3366 contigs each containing an average of 5 BACs. BACs in approximately 65% of the contigs aligned by AFLP analysis had sufficient overlap to be confirmed by DNA fingerprint analysis. In addition, 30% of the overlapping BACs aligned by AFLP analysis provided information for merging contigs and singletons that could not be joined using fingerprint data alone. Thus, the combination of fingerprinting and AFLP-based contig assembly and mapping provides a reliable, high-throughput method for building an integrated genetic and physical map of the sorghum genome.

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The vibrations of linear ABC2 type molecules with C∞V point group are analysed in terms of Cartesian co-ordinates. Algebraic expressions for the three stretching and two bending normal mode frequencies are derived in terms of longitudinal and transverse force constants, atomic masses and bond lengths. Values of non-valence interaction parameters are transferred from A2B2 (D∞h) molecules, and values of the principal force constants are adjusted to reproduce the observed frequencies for a number of asymmetric halogen derivatives of acetylene. Normal mode frequencies of various isotopic species are also calculated. The nature of the computed eigenvectors for these molecules is briefly discussed. It is found that the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen valence interactions remain approximately constant for these molecules, whereas the carbon-halogen bonds show a weakening trend with increasing halogen mass.

I. INTRODUCTION TYPES OF LUNG ABSCESS Pulmonary suppuration, though long a matter of much clinical interest, remains one of the conditions of which the underlying etiologic factors are still in dispute. Several types of lung abscesses seem to occur, each of which may develop from quite different causes. With our present knowledge, classification from the pathologic point of view seems wisest. Aschner1 groups the several types as follows: 1. BRONCHIECTASIS. 2. BRONCHIECTATIC ABSCESS. 3. SUPPURATIVE PNEUMONITIS. 4. EXTRABRONCHIAL ABSCESS. Among the more common clinical forms of lung abscess is that which is now recognized as developing subsequent to operation. This recent recognition emphasizes the importance of studying and classifying postoperative lung abscess as a separate clinical entity. The considerable proportion of such abscesses following the operation of tonsillectomy has led the otolaryngologists to study, report on and investigate this condition from both the clinical and laboratory sides. The majority

Our interest in lobectomy and pneumectomy was derived from a desire to remove lobes from dogs in which we had established lung abscesses1 for the purpose of studying the lesion at various stages of development without killing the animal. In a review of the literature on this particular subject, one certain method was chosen which to us seemed to embody correct surgical principles and to which we have added several refinements in technic. The added danger of an abscessed lung with which we were confronted necessarily submitted the method to an unusually severe test in comparison with the experimental work of others in which normal dogs were used. Nevertheless, our results proved highly satisfactory.Lobectomy and pneumectomy received their first scientific experimental investigation in 1881 when Gluck2 removed one entire lung in six dogs and fourteen rabbits. With the exception of two rabbits all of the animals died

Thus far our experiments have lad us to believe that we can produce lung abscess with a fairly high degree of success and the method many perhaps furnish further experimental evidence in favor of the embolic theory of lung abscess.