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Purpose: To describe the characteristics and recurrence rates of primary periocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Spain.Methods: This retrospective study investigates the characteristics of primary periocular SCC at two tertiary centers in Spain from 2000 to 2020. Data were collected on demographics, skin phenotype, location, clinical and histological diagnosis, the commitment of surgical margins, recurrence, and risk factors. Multivariate analysis and risk factors were used to investigate recurrence rates, considering p< 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Over the 20-year studied period, 107 patients with primary periocular SCC were assessed. The mean age of SCC was 76.8 ± 12.8 years, 55 (50.9%) were females, and 105 (98.1%) had Fitzpatrick skin phenotype type II or III. SCC lesions affected less than 1/3 of the eyelid (56/52.3% cases), mainly the lower lid (42/39.3% lesions). Sixty (56.1%) cases were SCC differentiated, 76 (71%) had clear margins. Clinical diagnosis of SCC corroborated with histological in 84 (78.5%) cases and orbital involvement occurred in 18 (16.8%) cases. Recurrence was observed in 13 (12.1%) cases, occurring more in large tumors and undifferentiated subtype (53.8%), with committed margins (69.2%) (p= 0.001), being the commitment of margins a significant predictor for recurrence, although thickness was an independent predictor.Conclusion: Periocular SCC in Spain showed a similar pattern as in the world. The risk of recurrence is increased in undifferentiated and large periocular SCC, partially removed with committed margins.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of ocular conditions among patients presenting to an emergency department at a tertiary hospital in Spain.Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal analysis of all patients who presented to the ocular emergency department of Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain, from 2013 to 2018 was performed. Data on demographics, ophthalmic examination, and diagnosis were collected. Diseases were classified according the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.Results: We had 20,822 patients, of which 10,878 (52.2%) were women. The main age categories were 45–65 years (7391 patients; 35.5%) and 15–45 years (5979 patients; 28.2%). Most of the patients (17,793; 85.5%) were discharged on the same day. Conjunctival pathology was the most common cause of presentation (4110; 19.7%), followed by corneal disorders (4025; 19.3%). Acute conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 2920 (14%) and ocular trauma in 2125 (10.2%) patients. Non-emergency ophthalmic conditions were diagnosed in 1581 (7.6%) patients. Retinal detachments and peripheral holes occurred more commonly in patients aged 45–65 years (p<0.001). Corneal or conjunctival disorders and lid inflammation (p<0.001) were more frequent in women, whereas men had higher incidences of trauma (p<0.001).Conclusion: Most of our patients presented ocular surface diseases. Men were more vulnerable to trauma, mainly superficial foreign body. The majority of the patients presented with uncomplicated ocular conditions that would be managed more cost-effectively by primary health care providers. We advocate greater education of primary care physicians and patients in managing simple ocular emergencies to reduce the cases presenting to an emergency department of a tertiary hospital.

Purpose Study the effect on the tear film in blepharospasm (BEB), facial hemispasm (FH), or aberrant regeneration (AR) treated with Botulinum Toxin (BTX-A).Methods A prospective study was used to evaluate the tear film in patients with BEB, FH, or AR treated with BTX-A. Schirmer tests, break-up time (BUT), optical coherence tomography (OCT) meniscus measurement, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and Oxford scale were documented before; 1 month after; and 3 months after BTX-A treatment. Comparisons were made with the Friedman test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 35 eyes from 27 patients were included. The mean patient age was 66.81 ± 12.94 years and 18 (66.7%) were female. Ten (37%) patients had BEB, six (22.2%) had FH, and 11 (40.74%) had AR. BTX-A improved the lid spasms. One month after BTX-A, Schirmer tests showed slight increments (Schirmer 1 p= 0.009; Schirmer 2 p= 0.05) and at 3 months they became similar to pre-treatment (p= 0.5). The BUT test was not significantly different at 1 month (p= 0.450) or at 3 months. On OCT 1 month after BTX-A, there was an increase in tear meniscus area (p= 0.004), height (p= 0.007), and depth (p= 0.004), and at 3 months the measurements also became similar to the pre-BTX-A values. No significant changes in the OSDI (p= 0.717) and Oxford scale (p= 0.255).Conclusion OCT is a good tool to detect the increase in tear meniscus after periocular BTX-A in BEB, FH, and AR.

Bacterial eye infections are rare in the neonatal population and usually come from exogenous spread. Eye infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although uncommon, may be a devastating disease, especially in premature infants.