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A chromophore-engineering strategy that relies on the introduction of a ground-state distortion in a quadrupolar chromophore was used to obtain a quasi-quadrupolar chromophore with red emission and large two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section in polar solvents. This molecule was functionalized with water-solubilizing polymer chains. It constitutes not only a remarkable contrast agent for intravital two-photon microscopy of the functional cerebral vasculature in a minimally invasive configuration but presents intriguing endothelial staining ability that makes it a valuable probe for premortem histological staining.

Hybrid field-effect transistors (FETs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) containing CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated. The effect of the concentration of QDs on charge transport in the hybrid material was studied. The influence of the QDs capping ligand on charge transport parameters was investigated by replacing the conventional trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) surfactant with pyridine to provide closer contact between the organic and inorganic components. Electrical parameters of FETs with an active layer made of P3HT:CdSe QDs blend were determined, showing field-effect hole mobilities up to 1.1×10−4 cm2/Vs. Incorporation of TOPO covered CdSe QDs decreased the charge carrier mobility while the pyridine covered CdSe QDs did not alter this transport parameter significantly.

Hybrid field-effect transistors (FETs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) containing CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated. The effect of the concentration of QDs on charge transport in the hybrid material was studied. The influence of the QDs capping ligand on charge transport parameters was investigated by replacing the conventional trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) surfactant with pyridine to provide closer contact between the organic and inorganic components. Electrical parameters of FETs with an active layer made of P3HT:CdSe QDs blend were determined, showing field-effect hole mobilities up to 1.1×10−4cm2/Vs. Incorporation of TOPO covered CdSe QDs decreased the charge carrier mobility while the pyridine covered CdSe QDs did not alter this transport parameter significantly.

Both nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction are effects that are potentially useful for a plethora of applications in photonics, nanophotonics and biophotonics. Despite substantial attention given to these phenomena by researchers studying the merits of disparate systems such as organic materials, hybrid materials, metal-containing molecules and nanostructures, it is virtually impossible to compare the results obtained on different materials when varying parameters of the light beams and different techniques are employed. We have attempted to address the problem by studying the properties of various systems in a systematic way, within a wide range of wavelengths, and including the regions of onephoton, two-photon and three-photon absorption. The objects of our studies have been typical nonlinear chromophores, such as -conjugated molecules, oligomers and polymers, organometallics and coordination complexes containing transition metals, organometallic dendrimers, small metal-containing clusters, and nanoparticles of various kinds, including semiconductor quantum dots, plasmonic particles and rare-earth doped nanocrystals. We discuss herein procedures to quantify the nonlinear response of all of these systems, by defining and comparing the merit factors relevant for various applications.

The syntheses of [1,3,5-{(η²-dppe)(η⁵-C5Me5)FeC&tbd1;C-4-C6H4C&tbd1;C}3C6H3] (1) and [(η²-dppe)(η⁵-C5Me5)Fe(C&tbd1;C-1,4-C6H4C&tbd1;CPh)] (2) are reported, together with an X-ray diffraction study of 2. The linear optical spectra of these compounds reveal characteristic low-energy transitions at 430 and 436 nm, respectively, significantly red shifted in comparison to those recorded for [1,3,5-{(η²-dppe)(η⁵-C5Me5)FeC&tbd1;C}3C6H3] (3) and [(η²-dppe)(η⁵-C5Me5)FeC&tbd1;CPh] (4), respectively. Cubic nonlinear optical response data for 1, 2, and 4 are reported. Cubic molecular nonlinearities by Z-scan at 695 nm reveal an increase in nonlinearities upon introduction of the ligated metal unit and progression from linear monometallic complex to octupolar trimetallic complex. Oxidation of 1 to 1³⁺ results in a change of sign and magnitude of the imaginary (absorptive) part of the third-order nonlinearity; that is, the molecule can be electrochemically cycled between two-photon absorber and saturable absorber states.

Ultrafast pulsed laser deposition was used to successfully deposit atomically smooth 5-μm-thick As_2S_3 films. The as-deposited films were photosensitive at wavelengths close to the band edge (≈520 nm), and waveguides could be directly patterned into them by photodarkening using an argon-ion or frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the films were measured as well as the photosensitivity of the material. The optical losses in photodarkened waveguides were <0.2 dB/cm at wavelengths beyond 1200 nm and <0.1 dB/cm in as-deposited films. The third-order nonlinearity, n_2, As_2S_3, was measured using both four-wave mixing and the Z-scan technique and varied with wavelength from 100 to 200 times fused silica (n_2, Silica≈3×10^−16 cm^2/W) between 1500 nm and 1100 nm with low nonlinear absorption.

Novel homologues series of the highly soluble and coplanar oligo-phenylenevinylenes (OPV), containing up to eight phenyl rings symmetrically end-functionalized with multiple polyalkyleneoxy substituents (OPV(n)-OR), and containing up to six phenyl rings, asymmetrically end-functionalized with polyalkyleneoxy and alkylsulfonyl substituents (OPV(n)-ORSO), were synthesized for structure-third-order optical nonlinearities investigation. The theoretical molecular nonlinearities, γcalc at zero frequency calculated by the Finite Field method in MOPAC6 and the time-dependent coupled perturbed Hartree−Fock method within the MOPAC93 package showed a similar trend of the increase with an extension of chain length. However, the predicted γcalc differences between the symmetrically and asymmetrically disubstituted OPVs are relatively minor. The real part (γreal) and the imaginary part (γimag) of the molecular nonlinearities of the newly synthesized OPVs were determined by the closed- and open-aperture Z-scan technique at 800 nm with 100-fs laser pulses in two different solvents. It is evidenced that solvent effect plays an important role in determining third-order nonlinearities of molecules in solution. Although the absorption behavior of these OPVs is very similar in chloroform and tetrahydrofuran (THF), the sign reversal of γreal from positive to negative appears earlier in chloroform than in THF. The γ enhancement due to asymmetric substitution in lower homologues of these oligomers is significant; however, such contribution becomes less pronounced in the higher homologues. In addition, the asymmetrically disubstituted OPVs show a faster convergence of |γ| than the symmetrically disubstituted series. A very large |γ| value, up to 2.5 × 10^-32 esu, was obtained in the symmetrically disubstituted OPVs.

A series of new acetylide complexes of the type [Fe(η⁵-C5H5)(P&arcraise;P)(p-C&tbd1;CC6H4R)] (P&arcraise;P = DPPE (=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane), (R)-PROPHOS (=(R)-(+)-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), R = NO2, C6H4NO2, (Z)-C(H)&dbd;C(H)C6H4NO2, (E)-C(H)&dbd;C(H)C6H4NO2) have been synthesized by halide abstraction from the precursors [Fe(η⁵-C5H5)(P&arcraise;P)(I)] and fully characterized. Quadratic hyperpolarizabilities (β) for the complexes have been determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering at 1064 nm. The influence on the nonlinear response of acetylide chain length in proceeding from 4-nitrophenylethynyl to 4-nitrobiphenylethynyl and 4-nitro-(E)-stibenylethynyl has been studied, revealing values of the first hyperpolarizabilities among the highest reported for organometallic molecular materials. Comparisons on the nonlinear efficiencies are drawn with the related well-known families of compounds [Ru(η⁵-C5H5)(PR3)2(p-C&tbd1;C−(aryl)−NO2)] and [Fe(η⁵-C5H5)(P&arcraise;P)(p-N&tbd1;C−(aryl)−NO2)]⁺. Cubic hyperpolarizabilities (γ) determined by Z-scan at 800 nm are consistent with an increase in γ upon replacing Ru by the more easily oxidizable Fe and upon chain-lengthening the delocalizable π-bridging unit (proceeding from 4-C6H4 to (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4). X-ray crystallographic structures of complexes [Fe(η⁵-C5H5)(DPPE)(p-C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2)] and [Fe(η⁵-C5H5)(DPPE)((E)-p-C&tbd1;CC6H4C(H)&dbd;C(H)C6H4NO2)] were studied in order to investigate the existence of π-back-donation suggested by spectroscopic and electrochemical data. Crystal packing was analyzed with the aim of assessing the alignment of the molecules in the lattice and hence suggesting the magnitude of NLO properties at the macroscopic level.

The syntheses of trans-[Ru(C&dbd;CHR)Cl(pp)2]PF6 (pp = dppm, R = 4-C6H4C&tbd1;CPh, 4-C6H4CHO, 4,4‘-C6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2, 4,4‘,4‘ ‘-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2; pp = dppe, R = 4-C6H4CHO, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2) and trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;CR)Cl(pp)2] (pp = dppm, R = 4-C6H4C&tbd1;CPh, 4-C6H4CHO, 4,4‘-C6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2, 4,4‘,4‘ ‘-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2; pp = dppe, R = 4-C6H4CHO, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2) are reported, together with X-ray structural studies of trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;CR)Cl(pp)2] (pp = dppm, R = 4-C6H4C&tbd1;CPh; pp = dppe, R = 4-C6H4CHO, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2). Cyclic voltammetric, linear optical, and quadratic and cubic nonlinear optical response data for these new complexes, together with the corresponding data for the previously reported trans-[Ru(C&dbd;CHR)Cl(pp)2]PF6 (pp = dppm, R = Ph, 4-C6H4NO2; pp = dppe, R = Ph, 4-C6H4NO2) and trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;CR)Cl(pp)2] (pp = dppm, R = Ph, 4-C6H4NO2, (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2; pp = dppe, R = Ph, 4-C6H4NO2), are reported. Oxidation potentials for the Ru^II/III couple increase on proceeding from the neutral alkynyl complex to the analogous cationic vinylidene complex and on introduction of an acceptor group (CHO or NO2); the complexes with 4-C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2 ligands are the most difficult to oxidize. In some instances, the Ru^III/IV and Ru^I/II processes have been identified together with, where relevant, nitro-centered reduction processes. The oxidized and reduced vinylidene complexes are shown to transform electrochemically into the corresponding alkynyl complexes. Optical absorption maxima undergo a red shift upon increase of acceptor strength, replacement of the coligand dppm with dppe, and replacement of the alkynyl ligand yne linkage with an ene linkage. Proceeding from the vinylidene complex to an analogous alkynyl complex results in a small red shift in absorption maximum and a significant increase in extinction coefficient. Quadratic molecular nonlinearities by hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements at 1064 nm increase upon introduction of ligated metal (proceeding from precursor alkyne to alkynyl or vinylidene complex), an increase in acceptor strength (introduction of CHO or NO2), alkynyl chain lengthening (in the series [4-C&tbd1;CC6H4]n-4-NO2, proceeding from n = 1 and 2 to 3), and replacing the yne linkage with an ene linkage. Significant differences in β value for two vinylidene/alkynyl complex pairs suggest that they could function as precursors to protically switchable quadratic NLO materials at 1064 nm. Cubic molecular nonlinearities by Z-scan measurements at 800 nm are in many cases characterized by negative real and significant imaginary components, indicative of two-photon effects; nevertheless, a substantial increase in |γ| on proceeding to the largest molecule, trans-Ru(4,4‘,4"-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2)Cl(dppm)2, is observed. An order of magnitude difference in γimag values (and therefore two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections σ2) for vinylidene/alkynyl complex pairs suggest that they have potential as protically switchable TPA materials at 800 nm.

The reactions of Q[Au(acac)2] (Q = N(PPh3)2 (PPN; a), NPr4 (b); acac = acetylacetonato) with terminal alkynes of the type HC&tbd1;CC6H4R-4 in a 1:2 molar ratio affords the complexes Q[Au(C&tbd1;CC6H4R-4)2] (R = NO2 (1), C6H4NO2-4 (2), (E)-CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (3)). The same alkynes react with [AuCl(CNBu^t)] in NEt3 to give the complexes [Au(C&tbd1;CC6H4R-4)(CNBu^t)] (R = NO2 (4), C6H4NO2-4 (5), (E)-CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (6)). When NHEt2 is used instead of NEt3, attack of the secondary amine at the isonitrile ligand takes place and alkynyl carbene complexes of the type [Au(C&tbd1;CC6H4R-4){C(NHBu^t)(NEt2)}] (R = NO2 (7), C6H4NO2-4 (8), (E)-CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (9)) are obtained. The crystal structures of 1a, 4, 7, and 9 have been determined. The cubic hyperpolarizabilities of 1a,b, 4−6, 8, 9, and the related complexes [Au(C&tbd1;CC6H4R-4)(PPh3)] (R = H (10), NO2 (11), 4-C6H4NO2 (12), (E)-CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (13), C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2-4 (14), (Z)-CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (15), (E)-N&dbd;CHC6H4NO2-4 (16)) have been determined by Z-scans at 800 nm. An increase in γreal is observed on replacing the coligand Bu^tNC by PPh3 (proceeding from 5 to 12 and from 6 to 13), introduction of the NO2 group (proceeding from 10 to 11), extending the arylalkynyl π-bridge (proceeding from 11 to 12−15), and replacing (Z)-CH&dbd;CH by the (E)-CH&dbd;CH linking unit (proceeding from 15 to 13).

The steady-state electroluminescence in perylene-doped anthracene crystals is reported. Overlapping components due to both host and guest emission are present in the spectrum, their magnitudes depending on temperature and dopant concentration. Possible energy transfer mechanisms which may explain the electroluminescence behaviour are proposed. The system is found to behave similarly to tetraceneand pentacene-doped anthracene crystals.

Pyro- and piezoelectric properties of films of PVDF poled using two different procedures have been investigated by thermally-induced electrical oscillations - a method consisting of monitoring the response of a polymer resonator to a short pulse of light. The signals observed are interpreted as a superposition of the "time-resolved" pyroelectric response due to the heat flow in the sample and the piezoelectric oscillations produced by thermal stress. Both space-charge and dipolar increments to the pyroelectric charge are observed. Temperature dependences of the sound velocity in the [100] direction, and of pyro-and piezoelectric responses, measured within the temperature range 180-370 K, are reported, and the hysteresis of the pyroelectricity is observed. The results are consistent with most of those reported in the literature.

Two photon generation of carriers in anthracene has been studied using double pulses of a dye laser. The results indicate that photoionization of triplet excitons plays an important role in the photogeneration. The triplet exciton photoionization cross section is estimated to be of the order of 10-20cm2, in agreement with early results of Holzman et al.

The photoconductivity of phenazine crystals has been measured as a function of temperature and wavelength of excitation. In the singlet absorption region it appears that only free electrons are generated, and the overall generation process has an activation energy which is independent of the singlet absorption process. Photoconduction in the triplet absorption region is primarily due to hole detrapping; the photoconduction spectra show the structure of singlet-triplet absorption.

The complexes Ni(C&tbd1;CR)(PPh3)(η-C5H5) (R = 4-C6H4NO2 (3), 4,4‘-C6H4C6H4NO2 (4), (E)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2 (5), (Z)-4,4‘-C6H4CH&dbd;CHC6H4NO2 (6), 4,4‘-C6H4C&tbd1;CC6H4NO2 (7), 4,4‘-C6H4N&dbd;CHC6H4NO2 (8)) have been prepared. Electrochemical data for the series of complexes NiCl(PPh3)(η-C5H5) (1), Ni(C&tbd1;CPh)(PPh3)(η-C5H5) (2), and 3−8 have been determined. Introduction of nitro substituent (in progressing from 2 to 3) results in a substantial increase in the Ni^II/III oxidation potential, all of which is lost on progressing from a one-ring (3) to two-ring (4−8) chromophore. The molecular quadratic and cubic optical nonlinearities of the series of complexes have been determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) and Z-scan techniques, respectively. HRS measurements at 1064 nm are consistent with an increase in β upon chromophore chain-lengthening (in progressing from 3 to 7 to 5), replacing Z by E stereochemistry (in progressing from 6 to 5), and in replacing N by CH (in progressing from 8 to 5), general trends that are maintained with the two-level-corrected data. Nonlinearities for the 18-electron nickel complexes are larger than those for related 14-electron (triphenylphosphine)gold acetylides, but smaller than those for the more easily oxidizable 18-electron (cyclopentadienyl)bis(phosphine)ruthenium acetylide analogues. Z-scan data at 800 nm reveal a negative γ for the nitro-containing complexes, consistent with the dispersion effect of two-photon states contributing to the nonlinearities. An increase in γ upon chromophore chain-lengthening (in progressing from 3 to 5, 4 and 7) and replacing Z by E stereochemistry (in progressing from 6 to 5) is observed. Nonlinearities for the extended-chromophore acetylide complexes 5 and 7 are significantly less than those for the (triphenylphosphine)gold acetylide analogues.

A novel series of highly soluble distyrylbenzenes bearing poly(alkyleneoxy) and/or alkylsulfonyl solubilizing substituents has been synthesized using the stereoselective Wadsworth–Emmons reaction as a key step. The corresponding poly(alkyleneoxy) alkylsulfonyl 4,4′-disubstituted distyrylbenzene has been covalently incorporated into an acrylic monomer which has also been successfully co-polymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA). All the 4,4′-disubstituted distyrylbenzenes and the polyacrylate based co-polymer show excellent solubility, processibility and thermal stability. Importantly, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy-hexylsulfonyl 4,4′-disubstituted distyrylbenzene exhibits only a minor bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum compared to those of the corresponding symmetrically 4,4′-disubstituted distyrylbenzenes; however, its third-order optical nonlinearity derived from Z-scan measurements at 800 nm is approximately twice as large as those of its symmetrically 4,4′-disubstituted counterparts.

Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) has been incorporated into sol−gel matrixes via its soluble precursor polymer, using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the silane monomers. Linear absorption maximum (λmax) and nonlinear refractive index n2 of the PPV in the two composite systems were compared and studied. Compared to pristine PPV, a reduction was seen in λmax and |n2| of the composite films. This paper addresses chemical and processing effects directed at minimising this matrix-induced reduction in λmax and |n2|. Of the parameters studied, the nature of the silane monomer has the greatest influence on the λmax and |n2| values of the composites. The reduction of the λmax and |n2| values in the composite films was much greater when TMOS was the matrix host. There is a smaller decrease in both |n2| and λmax if acid catalysis is used during either the sol synthesis or during the thermal transformation process, but this effect is marginal for TMOS. A differential matrix effect on λmax and |n2| is also seen in the temperature required for the conversion to PPV within the respective matrixes.

Quadratic nonlinearities for octopolar stilbenylruthenium complexes are large for compounds without strongly accepting substituents. Cubic nonlinearities |γ|800 and two-photon absorption cross-sections σ2 increase on “dimensional evolution” from linear analogues to octopolar complexes, the latter possessing some of the largest |γ|800 and σ2 values for organometallics thus far, while cubic nonlinearities Im(χ⁽³⁾)/N from the first application of electroabsorption spectroscopy to organometallics are also large, scaling with the number of metal atoms.

The molecular inorganic compounds 1,3,5-{trans-[RuCl(dppe)2]C&tbd1;C-4-C6H4C&tbd1;C}3C6H3 (1), trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;C-4-C6H4C&tbd1;CPh)Cl(dppe)2] (2), and trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;CPh)Cl(dppm)2] (3) exhibit reversible oxidation in solution, assigned to the metal-centered Ru^II/III processes. Complexes 1−3 are essentially transparent at frequencies below 20 × 10³ cm^-1, whereas the green complexes 1⁺−3⁺ have a strong absorption band centered near 11−12 × 10³ cm^-1. These absorption bands have been utilized to demonstrate facile NLO switching utilizing an optically transparent thin-layer electrochemical cell, a procedure which has applicability to evaluating the switching capability of a range of materials. This procedure has been applied to switch cubic nonlinearities, the first electrochromic switching of molecular nonlinear absorption. Oxidation of the molecules results in changes, including changes of sign, of both the imaginary (absorptive) part of the third-order nonlinearity and the real (refractive) part. Cycling between the two forms of the molecules is facile. The sign of the nonlinearity is reversed on oxidation of 1 and 2, whereas 3, a complex with negligible third-order nonlinearity in the resting state, has third-order nonlinearity switched on upon oxidation to 3⁺.

We present what is to our knowledge the first experimental study of light-induced reflectivity changes at an α‐Ga/Si interface irradiated by femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses. After exposure, the reflectivity can increase from R≅0.55, which is typical for α‐Ga, to R≅0.8, which is close to that of liquid ??Ga. The initial step in the reflectivity change of 2–4??ps is resolved with 150-fs laser pulses. The light-induced reflectivity change relaxes during 100 ns–10 μs, depending strongly on the background temperature of the Ga mirror and the laser fluence.

A soluble, oxidatively and thermally very stable alkynylruthenium dendrimer 1,3,5-C6H3(4-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;C-trans-[Ru(dppe)2]C&tbd1;C-3,5-C6H3-{4-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;C-trans-[Ru(C&tbd1;CPh)(dppe)2]}2)3, containing a large two-dimensional π-delocalized system, has been prepared using an experimentally straightforward convergent synthetic approach. The first third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements of an organometallic dendrimer have been obtained using the Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 800 nm. Progression from 1,3,5-C6H3(4-C&tbd1;CC6H4C&tbd1;C-trans-[Ru(dppe)2]C&tbd1;CPh)3 to the dendrimer results in (i) no loss of optical transparency, (ii) an increase in the second hyperpolarizability, γ, which is proportionately greater than either the increase in the number of phenylethynyl groups or the extinction coefficient for the important MLCT band, and (iii) a dramatic enhancement of two-photon absorption.

We show that, as the conjugation length of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) increases, the ratio of its two-photon absorption coefficient to third-order nonlinearity at 800 nm decreases, rendering the material suitable for all-optical switching.

The third-order optical nonlinearity of a salt form of polyaniline has been measured at 527, 800, and 1054 nm. The dominant nonlinear response has been found to be bleaching of the material absorption, leading to high negative values of the imaginary part of the nonlinearity.

Charge carrier generation through photexcitation with strongly absorbed light and very weakly absorbed light has been compared for anthracene and phenazine crystals. No attempt was made to prepare clean surfaces, but purified crystals were used. The field dependence for strongly absorbed light was similar for both crystals, superlinear at low fields, linear at high fields. For weakly absorbed light, the photo generation of charge in anthracene could be described as Onsager type behavior, generation in phenazine could not. These results are discussed in terms of the charge generation process.

The authors report the design, fabrication and characterisation of a planar gradient index (GRIN) PECVD lens. The PECVD-based heilcon plasma reactor was used to deposit graded layers onto a silicon wafer. Ray tracing and beam propagation methods were used to simulate the periodic refocussing of the nominally parabolic refractive index profile. Propagation characteristics were measured using a standard prism coupler and also by observing fluorescence from a specially doped thin polymer layer spun on to the top of the planar lens.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.