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Background: Studies on the association between a priori dietary patterns and serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have led to inconsistent results, and we are not aware of any study on interleukin 17A (IL-17A) as an inflammatory marker associated with autoimmune diseases.Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the association between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean dietary patterns with circulating hs-CRP and IL-17A levels.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, female teachers (aged 20-50 years) who lived in Yazd, Iran, were randomly selected from elementary, guidance, and high schools from September 2015 to February 2016. Anthropometric data, as well as general information and dietary food intakes, were gathered, and each participant gave 1 blood sample. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on the DASH and the Mediterranean diet calculated scores. The associations between the dietary patterns and serum hs-CRP and IL-17A levels were assessed in the crude and multivariable models. In total, 320 female teachers aged 40.38 (8.08) years were included.Results: The DASH diet was associated with lower serum hs-CRP levels in the crude ( P = .05) and the fully adjusted models ( P = .02), while it was not significantly associated with IL-17A levels. The participants with the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet had significantly lower circulating IL-17A levels ( P = .04) even controlling for all confounders ( P = .02); however, there was not a significant relationship between this diet and hs-CRP levels.Conclusions: The DASH and the Mediterranean dietary patterns might be differently associated with inflammatory markers. Further prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. • miR-155 and miR-181a are associated with the severity of SLE. • Probiotics are known to possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. • Treatment of PBMCs with probiotic strains decreased miR-155 and miR-181a expression. • L. rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii might be beneficial in the management of SLE patients. Abstract Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies and activated immune cells against self-antigens. Probiotics are known to possess anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects on the immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii on the expression levels of miR-155 and miR-181a in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Methods A total of 20 newly diagnosed SLE patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood and treated with probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus (107 Bac/mL) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii (105 Bac/mL), and cultured in RPMI-1640 for 48 h. Afterwards, total RNA containing micro-RNAs were extracted. cDNA was synthesized for miRNAs and gene expression of miR-181a and miR-155 was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR method. Results Higher expression levels of miR-181a and miR-155 were found in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. Treatment of PBMCs with L. rhamnosus , L. delbrueckii and combination of these probiotics downregulated the expression of miR-181a and miR-155 in treated cells compared with untreated cells. Conclusions L. rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii modulate the expression of miR-181a and miR-155 in SLE patients and might be beneficial in the management of SLE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]