94 results on '"Salonen, J."'
Search Results
2. European Study Programme for Advanced Networking Technologies.
- Author
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Vaz de Carvalho, C., Salonen, J., Bjorn, K., Knockaert, S., Van Steenberghe, R., Schoofs, L., Rugelj, J., and Marzo, J. L.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL programs ,CURRICULUM ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,CONTINUING education - Abstract
Copyright of Electronics & Electrical Engineering is the property of Electronics & Electrical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
3. Life extension of hot steam piping after 200 000 h of service.
- Author
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Rantala, J., Salonen, J., Auerkari, P., Holmström, S., Lehtinen, O., Pitkänen, M., and Nikkarila, R.
- Subjects
WELDING ,FORGING ,IRONWORK ,SOLDER & soldering ,PIPING ,BOILING water reactor piping - Abstract
The units 2 and 3 of Naantali power plant have been successfully operated for >200 000 h, and it is of interest to ensure the eligibility of the units for continued production. For this purpose and to assist in the related life assessments, the condition of the high temperature piping has been subjected to long term inspection and monitoring programs. Inspections have been concentrated on sites of earliest indications of creep damage or highest rates of damage accumulation as observed from monitoring and repeated measurements. Particular locations of interest are found at the welded branches of the high pressure steam mixing headers. With these example components, two traditional solutions of directly welded and wrought branch connections are compared in terms of observed creep damage and expected life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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4. Biomass Production of Weeds in Low-Input and Conventional Cropping of Cereals.
- Author
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Hyvönen, T. and Salonen, J.
- Subjects
FERTILIZERS ,BIOMASS production ,CROP management ,AGRICULTURAL chemicals ,CROPPING systems ,RYE ,GRASSLANDS ,CROP residues ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Biomass production of weeds under two crop management systems was compared. The conventional system relied on artificial fertilizers and herbicides, and the other was a low-input system incorporating manure as a fertilizer without use of herbicides. A five-year crop rotation comprising rye, oat-pea, barley and two-year grasslands was used in both cropping systems. The air-dried weight of weed species and crop, as well as the crop yield, were determined each year from barley, oat-pea and rye field strips between 1992 and 2000. The total biomass of weeds and the biomass of annual weeds alone were higher in low-input cropping than in conventional cropping only in rye and barley fields. The biomass production of perennial weeds did not differ between systems in any crop. The yield and the biomass of crops was higher in conventional than in low-input cropping for each crop. In both systems perennial species dominated the weed community in most years. However, dominance of perennials as well as variation in the weed biomasses among years was more marked for conventional than for low-input cropping. The clear dominance of a perennial weed species, Elymus repens, resulted in a more skewed distribution of abundance for conventional than for low-input crop management systems. E. repens was the only species that was more abundant in conventional than in low-input cropping. The most abundant species were largely similar in both systems. In general, the species composition differed more between autumn (rye) and spring-sown crops (barley and oat-pea) than between crop management systems. The weed community of rye fields was characterized by several perennial species and some autumn germinating annuals. This pattern was observed especially in low-input fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
5. Studies on Chemical Modification of Porous Silicon‐Based Graded‐Index Optical Microcavities for Improved Stability Under Alkaline Conditions
- Author
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Jalkanen, T., Mäkilä, E., Suzuki, Y.‐I., Urata, T., Fukami, K., Sakka, T., Salonen, J., and Ogata, Y. H.
- Abstract
Preparation of graded‐index optical microcavities based on porous silicon is demonstrated, and chemical modifications for obtaining improved stability under alkaline conditions are studied. Four surface modification methods for stabilizing the samples are examined, and the effects on the optical properties are verified. Two different thermal carbonization treatments resulting in hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are employed. In addition, modification with undecylenic acid is performed on as‐prepared and thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon surfaces. Stability and sensing capabilities of the modified samples are examined by subjecting them to different concentrations of methylamine and trimethylamine vapors. Vapor induced changes in the reflectance spectra are used for evaluating sensitivity and stability. Sensitivity towards ethanol vapor is also measured in order to compare the sensitivity to a normal organic solvent. The results show that the two carbonization treatments and the undecylenic acid functionalization of the hydrocarbonized surface result in greatly improved stability. In contrast, derivatization of as‐prepared porous silicon with undecylenic acid does not protect the surface sufficiently against oxidation under the highly basic conditions produced by the amine vapors. Surface chemistry is also shown to have a large effect on sensitivity towards the examined vapors. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to assess changes in elemental composition of sample surface. The results suggest that thermally promoted addition of undecylenic acid on hydrocarbonized porous silicon is an effective method for producing highly stable optical structures with a carboxyl group functionalization.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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6. Anger expression and incident hypertension.
- Author
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Everson, Susan A., Goldberg, Debbie E., Kaplan, George A., Julkunen, Juhani, Salonen, Jukka T., Everson, S A, Goldberg, D E, Kaplan, G A, Julkunen, J, and Salonen, J T
- Abstract
Objective: It has long been thought that anger is important in the development of essential hypertension. However, tests of this hypothesis have yielded conflicting findings. This study prospectively examined the relationship between anger expression style and incident hypertension in a population sample of middle-aged men.Methods: Participants were 537 initially normotensive men from eastern Finland, who completed a medical examination and series of psychological questionnaires at baseline and at 4-year follow-up. Anger expression was assessed by Spielberger's Anger-out and Anger-in scales.Results: At follow-up, 104 men (19.4%) were hypertensive (blood pressure > or = 165 mm Hg systolic and/or 95 mm Hg diastolic). Age-adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that each 1-point increase in Anger-out was associated with a 12% increase in risk of hypertension after 4 years of follow-up (p < .002), which corresponded to a two-fold increased risk of hypertension among men with scores in the top tertile of the Anger-out scale, relative to those with scores in the bottom tertile (odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.20-3.38). Each 1-point increase on the Anger-in scale also was related to a 12% increased risk of hypertension (p < .01). Adjustments for body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, a positive parental history of hypertension, and baseline resting diastolic blood pressure had little impact on the findings.Conclusions: These data provide strong epidemiological evidence for a positive relationship between anger expression style and subsequent hypertension, independent of known risk factors. Findings support the hypothesis that extreme expression of anger in either direction has adverse cardiovascular consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1998
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7. MENTAL RETARDATION AND MOTHER'S HYPERTENSION DURING PREGNANCY.
- Author
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Salonen, J. T. and Heinonen, O. P.
- Subjects
HYPERTENSION in pregnancy ,PREECLAMPSIA ,BLOOD circulation disorders ,BLOOD pressure ,CENTRAL nervous system ,CHILDREN with intellectual disabilities - Abstract
This article reports that a comparison of the history of hypertension in the mother during pregnancy was made between a group of 136 mentally retarded children and a randomly selected control group of 122 children. A fraction of the mental retardation is estimated to relate to factors acting in early pregnancy. Toxemia of pregnancy has been shown to be associated with various defects of the central nervous system. In the U.S. collaborative prenatal study chronic and acute hypertension was related to a two to three-fold risk of central nervous system defect. An elevated blood pressure is an essential finding in toxemia during pregnancy, but hypertension without other signs of toxemia is also prevalent. The study is based on a comparison of 9-10-year-old mentally retarded children and a control group of the same age drawn randomly from the general population of the same area.
- Published
- 1984
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8. Controlled enlargement of pores by annealing of porous silicon
- Author
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Salonen, J., Mäkilä, E., Riikonen, J., Heikkilä, T., and Lehto, V.P.
- Abstract
In the present work, a possibility to use thermal annealing of porous silicon to enlarge the pore sizes has been studied. The size of the pores can be increased by controlling the annealing temperature and time. The pore enlargements from 10 nm even up to 100 nm can be obtained without destroying the pore structure. In all studied cases, annealing was found to decrease the surface areas and pore volumes of porous silicon, but the effects of annealing as a function of temperature were found to be strongly dependent on the initial porosity of samples. The crystallinity of the annealed samples was studied with XRD and the obtained results were used to explain differences observed in the pore sizes after the HF treatment of annealed samples. © 2009 WILEYVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
- Published
- 2009
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9. Reheat Cracking Susceptibility and Toughness of 2% CrMoWVNb P23 Steel Welds
- Author
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Nevasmaa, P. and Salonen, J.
- Abstract
This article is concerned with weldability of P23 pipe steel, with emphasis on reheat cracking sensitivity and toughness of simulated HAZs and thick-section multipass welds. The results demonstrate that the weld metal made using the B323filler metal closely matching to P23 steel is far more critical than the parent steel HAZ. In the as-welded condition, the B323weld metal exhibited excessive hardness of ≈ 380 HV and only diminutive Charpy toughness of ≈ 7 J at + 20 °C. Adoption of PWHT (760 °C /2 h) enhanced the weldment toughness; however, it also inevitably raises risk to reheat cracking in the weld metal that showed reduction of area (RA) no more than 2–3% in the BWI cracking test. The results show that thick-section multipass welds made using filler metal with the chemical composition closer to P24 grade material are less susceptible to reheat cracking than matching P23 grade welds.
- Published
- 2008
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10. The properties of biomimetically processed calcium phosphate on bioactive ceramics and their response on bone cells
- Author
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Vaahtio, M., Peltola, T., Hentunen, T., Ylänen, H., Areva, S., Wolke, J., and Salonen, J.
- Abstract
Abstract: This study looks for grounds to alter the chemical composition (phosphate, calcium, silica and carbonate), dissolution properties, structure and nanotopography of the biomimetically processed surfaces on bioactive ceramics to optimize their shown ability to influence bone cell behaviour and production of new bone. In the bone environment desirable characteristic of these materials is their ability to be remodeled by natural osteoclastic resorption. Different silica and carbonate containing calcium phosphate layers were prepared on bioactive glasses 9 (S53P4) and 1-98 (S53P2) and sol-gel processed pure silica SiO
2 in C- and R-SBF (conventional and revised simulated body fluid) for varying periods of time. It was shown that in R-SBF the CaP layer formed faster compared to C-SBF. The CaP layer in the R-SBF contained more carbonate (CO3 2− ) compared to that formed with the same immersion time in C-SBF. The CaP so formed in R-SBF with faster precipitation is more amorphous than the bonelike HCA formed in C-SBF. The results indicate that the most suitable surface for both osteoblasts and osteoclasts was found to be an amorphous CaP having mesoporous nanotopography and proper dissolution rate of calcium and silica.- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Low maximal oxygen uptake is associated with elevated depressive symptoms in middle-aged men
- Author
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Tolmunen, T., Laukkanen, J., Hintikka, J., Kurl, S., Viinamäki, H., Salonen, R., Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G., and Salonen, J.
- Abstract
Abstract: A low level of physical activity has been associated with depression, and increased physical activity has been found to have a positive effect on mood. However, the association between maximal oxygen uptake (VO
2max ) and mood has been poorly studied. In this study VO2max (ml/kg per min) was measured in a sample of 1,519 men aged 46–61 years during a cycle ergometer test by using respiratory gas exchange. Men with a history of psychiatric disorder or serious physical illness were excluded. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 18-item Human Population Laboratory Depression Scale (HPL). Those who scored 5 or more in the HPL were considered to have elevated depressive symptoms.The participants were classified into quartiles according to the VO2max . Those in the lowest quartile had a more than 3-fold (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.65–7.09; p < 0.001) higher risk of having elevated depressive symptoms compared with those in the highest quartile, even after adjusting for several confounders (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.60–7.14; p < 0.001).In conclusion, low VO2max is associated with having elevated depressive symptoms in middle-aged men.- Published
- 2006
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12. Temperature dependence of thermally-carbonized porous silicon humidity sensor
- Author
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Björkqvist, M., Paski, J., Salonen, J., and Lehto, V.-P.
- Abstract
Thermal carbonization of porous silicon (PS) at 820 °C under acetylene atmosphere is an appropriate method for humidity sensing purposes. It produces stable and hydrophilic surface still maintaining originally large specific surface area of PS. We report the temperature dependence of various electrical param- eters measured for the thermally-carbonized PS humidity sensor. Capacitance of the sensor in dry air (6 RH%) is almost constant at various temperatures, whereas in higher relative humidity values, the temperature dependence becomes evident. The resistance variation of the sensor is less dependent on RH as the temperature increases. While the capacitance showed linear behavior as a function of temperature, the resistance had a clear non-linear temperature dependence. In order to get information about the effects of frequency on capacitance values, we measured a phase angle and admittance of the sensor as a function of frequency at three different temperatures in low and high humidity. According to these results, it is preferable to operate this sensor construction using low frequency (<1 kHz). (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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13. Determination of drug load in porous silicon microparticles by calorimetry
- Author
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Salonen, J., Paski, J., Vähä-Heikkilä, K., Heikkilä, T., Björkqvist, M., and Lehto, V.-P.
- Abstract
Different kind of drugs can be loaded into the porous silicon microparticles for oral dosing. In cases where the drug is in its crystalline form in the pores, the amount of the loaded drug can be determined accurately using a calorimetric method, thermoporometry. Even if the drug substance is not in crystalline form a sophisticated estimation can be given. In this work ibuprofen, antipyrine, and ranitidine have been studied. Ibuprofen and antipyrine were easily detected and quantified, but ranitidine, which does not penetrate into the PSi microparticles in its crystalline form, could only be qualitatively determined. The possibility to quantify this kind of drug substance is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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14. Biomass Production of Weeds in Low-Input and Conventional Cropping of Cereals
- Author
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Hyvönen, T. and Salonen, J.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTBiomass production of weeds under two crop management systems was compared. The conventional system relied on artificial fertilizers and herbicides, and the other was a low-input system incorporating manure as a fertilizer without use of herbicides. A five-year crop rotation comprising rye, oat-pea, barley and two-year grasslands was used in both cropping systems. The air-dried weight of weed species and crop, as well as the crop yield, were determined each year from barley, oat-pea and rye field strips between 1992 and 2000. The total biomass of weeds and the biomass of annual weeds alone were higher in low-input cropping than in conventional cropping only in rye and barley fields. The biomass production of perennial weeds did not differ between systems in any crop. The yield and the biomass of crops was higher in conventional than in low-input cropping for each crop. In both systems perennial species dominated the weed community in most years. However, dominance of perennials as well as variation in the weed biomasses among years was more marked for conventional than for low-input cropping. The clear dominance of a perennial weed species, Elymus repens, resulted in a more skewed distribution of abundance for conventional than for low-input crop management systems. E. repenswas the only species that was more abundant in conventional than in low-input cropping. The most abundant species were largely similar in both systems. In general, the species composition differed more between autumn (rye) and spring-sown crops (barley and oat-pea) than between crop management systems. The weed community of rye fields was characterized by several perennial species and some autumn germinating annuals. This pattern was observed especially in low-input fields.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Role of candidate genes in the lipid responses to intensified treatment in Type 2 diabetes
- Author
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Ukkola, O., Salonen, J., and Kesäniemi, Y.
- Abstract
Objective: To identify genetic factors related to individual differences in lipid responses to intensified treatment in Type 2 diabetes. Design and Methods: After evaluation and intensification of their treatment, 107 Type 2 diabetes patients with poor metabolic control were re-evaluated after mean follow-up time of 15.6 (0, 4) (SE) months. The genes coding major lipid regulatory proteins and their relations to plasma lipid and lipoprotein changes were studied. Results: During the follow- up, levels of glycohemoglobin A1 (GHBA1) decreased (−1.7%), plasma HDL cholesterol (+0.05 mmol/l) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (+4.2 mg/dl) increased, while triglyceride (TG) levels decreased (−1.2mmol/l) despite mean weight gain of 2.1 kg (p from <0.01 to <0.001). Of the gene markers studied, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) PvuII (p=0.005) independently affected changes in HDL-cholesterol and was associated with the frequency of coronary heart disease (CHD). Lp(a) changes were associated with apolipoprotein B (ApoB) Glu4154Lys polymorphism (p=0.004). Conclusions: These results suggest that genetic variations at LPL and ApoB loci are among the factors contributing to the variability in response to lipid parameters to therapy in Type 2 diabetes. LPL PvuII rare allele homozygote status seems to be beneficial with more favorable lipid changes and protection against CHD.
- Published
- 2005
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16. Thermal analysis of hydrosilylation of 1-dodecene on porous silicon surface
- Author
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Salonen, J., Laine, E., and Niinistö, L.
- Abstract
Hydrosilylation of 1-dodecene on porous silicon surface has been studied by calorimetric methods. Using unpurified and purified 1-dodecene, it was possible to distinguish the reactions arising from oxidation from those due to hydrosilylation reactions. A surprising change from an exothermic reaction to an endothermic one was observed above 130 °C. A possible origin for this has been proposed, based on breaking of the double bond in the 1-dodecene molecule leaving CH
x -termination on the PSi surface. The density functional calculations and measured FTIR spectra are presented as supporting evidence for the explanation given.- Published
- 2003
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17. Comparison of stabilizing treatments on porous silicon for sensor applications
- Author
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Björkqvist, M., Salonen, J., Laine, E., and Niinistö, L.
- Abstract
The stabilities of porous silicon samples after thermal oxidation, thermal carbonization, thermal nitridation and dodecene-treatment have been compared. The stability of these samples in different temperatures and RH-atmospheres was examined by measuring the weight increase as a function of time. Also, the reactivity of the stabilized porous silicon samples in ethanol and KOH-solution at 25 °C was measured using an isothermal microcalorimeter. Other important properties of stabilized porous silicon samples for sensing applications, such as a specific surface area and a humidity adsorption behavior have also been compared.
- Published
- 2003
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18. Obesity and Weight Gain Are Associated with Increased Incidence of Hyperinsulinemia in Non-Diabetic Men
- Author
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Lakka, H.-M., Salonen, J. T., Tuomilehto, J., Kaplan, G. A., and Lakka, T. A.
- Published
- 2002
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19. Association between low serum enterolactone and increased plasma F2-isoprostanes, a measure of lipid peroxidation
- Author
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Vanharanta, M., Voutilainen, S., Nurmi, T., Kaikkonen, J., Roberts, L. J., Morrow, J. D., Adlercreutz, H., and Salonen, J. T.
- Published
- 2002
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20. CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 as the major enzymes responsible for the metabolism of selegiline, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as revealed from experiments with recombinant enzymes.
- Author
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M, Hidestrand, M, Oscarson, S, Salonen J, L, Nyman, O, Pelkonen, M, Turpeinen, and M, Ingelman-Sundberg
- Abstract
In view of conflicting data in the literature regarding the enzyme(s) responsible for metabolism of selegiline, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, investigations were carried out in vitro using the human cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 recombinantly expressed in yeast to elucidate the enzyme specificity in selegiline metabolism. In the yeast microsomes used, desmethylselegiline and levomethamphetamine were formed from selegiline at significant rates. The highest contribution to the hepatic clearance of selegiline was calculated to be exerted by CYP2B6 (124 l/h) CYP2C19 (82 l/h), whereas CYP3A4 (27 l/h) and CYP1A2 (21 l/h) were of less importance. Antibodies against CYP2B6 inhibited metabolism of selegiline in microsomes containing CYP2B6 but not in microsomes without significant amounts of the enzyme. In contrast to previous reports, we could not find any role for CYP2D6 in the metabolism of selegiline. The data strongly indicate that the high extent of interindividual variation seen in vivo for selegiline clearance is caused by the metabolism of the compound by the highly polymorphic CYP2B6 and CYP2C19.
- Published
- 2001
21. Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood.
- Author
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Kaplan, G A, Turrell, G, Lynch, J W, Everson, S A, Helkala, E L, and Salonen, J T
- Abstract
Risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease is higher among adults with limited education, and the less educated perform poorer on cognitive function tests. This study determines whether the socioeconomic environment experienced during childhood has an impact on cognitive functioning in middle age.
- Published
- 2001
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22. In vitro release of heparin from silica xerogels
- Author
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Ahola, M. S., Sailynoja, E. S., Raitavuo, M. H., Vaahtio, M. M., Salonen, J. I., and Yli-Urpo, A. U.
- Published
- 2001
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23. Abdominal obesity is associated with accelerated progression of carotid atherosclerosis in men
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Lakka, T. A., Lakka, H. M., Salonen, R., Kaplan, G. A., and Salonen, J. T.
- Published
- 2001
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24. The stimulated acoustic relaxation emission of maize starch tablets
- Author
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Mellin, V., Salonen, J., and Laine, E.
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- 2001
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25. Effects of Fabrication Parameters on Porous p+-Type Silicon Morphology
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Salonen, J., Björkqvist, M., Laine, E., and Niinistö, L.
- Abstract
The effects of fabrication parameters on porous silicon morphology have been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering and gas adsorption methods to understand the dependences of the parameters on each other. The dependence of the specific surface areas on current density was studied using three different electrolytes varying with hydrofluoric acid concentrations. The maximum of the surface area for each concentration was observed and a general tendency for these maxima was found. The largest specific surface area observed in this work was obtained using HF–water electrolyte without ethanol and 140 mA/cm2 current density. On the contrary, the largest average pore size was found in the sample prepared using the highest ethanol concentration.
- Published
- 2000
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26. Studies of Thermally-Carbonized Porous Silicon Surfaces
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Salonen, J., Lehto, V.-P., Björkqvist, M., Laine, E., and Niinistö, L.
- Abstract
Thermally-carbonized porous silicon films have been prepared by exploiting the dissociation of acetylene. Thermoanalytical methods have been used to study the oxidation behavior of these films in different oxidizing ambients. The results have been compared to other stabilization methods. Due to enhanced adsorption and only slightly reduced specific surface area, the carbonization of porous silicon was found to be an attractive treatment for sensing applications. The possible post-treatments are also discussed.
- Published
- 2000
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27. Investigations of Activation Energy of Porous Silicon Oxidation Using Calorimetric Methods
- Author
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Salonen, J., Lehto, V.-P., and Laine, E.
- Abstract
The oxidation of porous silicon has been studied using differential scanning calorimeter. The oxidation was found to consist of two parts with different activation energies. This indicates the existence of two different reaction mechanism. The results from the hydrogen desorption measurements have been used to study the different oxidation behaviour of the n- and p+-type porous silicon. The results show that the dihydride structure dominates on the surface of the n-type porous silicon, contrary to p+-type porous silicon, where the monohydride is the major structure. Explanations of these features are discussed. Using the activation energy, the surface termination effects are investigated. The best improvement in the activation energy was observed in the sample, whose surface was partially stabilized by ammonium groups.
- Published
- 2000
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28. Effects of Immobilization with Medetomidine and Reversal with Atipamezole on Blood Chemistry of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer {Rangifer tarandus tarandusL.) in Autumn and Late Winter
- Author
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Soveri, T., Sankari, S., Salonen, J. S., and Nieminen, M.
- Abstract
Blood chemistry was studied in 8 adult female reindeer, of which 5 were pregnant. Half of them received only medetomidine (150 µg/kg i.m.) and half of them medetomidine and atipamezole (750 µg/kg) in March. Three weeks later the drug regimens were reversed. The same procedure was carried out during the next September and October. Seasonal differences in pretreatment values could be seen in serum urea, phosphorous, and cholesterol, with the highest concentrations during the autumn; and creatinine, ASAT, ALAT, and CK values, which were higher in the non-pregnant reindeer in late winter. Their low-protein and low-energy diet during the winter explains most of the differences. Increased enzyme activities in serum indicate decreased membrane stability of certain organs in late winter, possibly due to nutritional deficiencies. Treatment effects could be seen in several parameters. The increase in blood glucose and decrease in serum FEA were most probably due to α2-adrenoceptor activation, which inhibits insulin release and lipolysis. These effects were partly or totally inhibited after treatment with the antagonist atipamezole. The earlier increase in serum CK and ASAT activities in those receiving atipamezole can be explained by increased tissue perfusion due to atipamezole itself and the fact that these animals stood up and began to move much earlier than did those which received medetomidine only. A significant decrease in serum Na+, K+, CI−, Pi, cholesterol, total Ca, and total protein concentration observed during the first 10 to 40 min of the medetomidine sedation could be explained by possible haemodilution and diuresis. More effective metabolism of medetomidine in autumn could explain the shorter recovery times of reindeer receiving only medetomidine and most of the differences in treatment effects between the seasons: faster increase in protein and cholesterol concentrations after the decrease, and the antagonistic effect of atipamezole on glucose and Pi changes in autumn. Based on these results, medetomidine seems to be a good sedation agent for reindeer both in autumn and in late winter; the effects of medetomidine can be rather effectively antagonized by atipamezole.
- Published
- 1999
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29. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- Author
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Juhl, C., Pørksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th., Müller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Björn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H.-M., Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T.-P., Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., de Boks, P., de Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D’Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., MacAlpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M., Kozáková, H., Kaas, A., Kofronová, O., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sørensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Haskó, G., Szabó, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Van Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H.-H., Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabák, Á. Gy., Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Cantón, A., Burgos, R., Hernández, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simó, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., McDermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y.-S., Sternesjö, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M.-C., Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Bréant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., van der Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, De Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessières-Lacombe, S., Tauber, J.-P., Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Steiner, G., Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Vergès, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph., Benko, B., Ljubić, S., Turk, Z., Granić, M., März, W., Wollschläger, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O’Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., de Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Van Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Simán, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rość, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Škrha, J., Kvasnička, J., Kalvodová, B., Hilgertová, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpé, S., De Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th. D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Häring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., McKinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnæs, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa., Osterhoff, M., Möhlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Fürnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Båvenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kästenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Van Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovská, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosová, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefèbvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valéro, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., de Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jørgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Høy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patanè, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., de Vos, P., Visser, L., de Haan, B. J., Klok, P., van Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Hsu, B. R.-S., Nacher, V., Pérez, M., Biarnés, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Büsing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hücking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Bouček, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kožitarová, R., Jedináková, T., Vlasáková, Z., Skibová, J., Bartoš, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J.-C., Gillespie, J. S., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Véricel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P.-O., MŞengül, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Özer, E., Karşidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, İ., Dinççaǧ, N., Yılmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., van der Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., van der Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., McGee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hägglöf, B., Lugari, R., Dell’Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa., Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., García-Martínez, J. A., Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahrén, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E.-J., Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H.-U., Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Goldstein, David S., Van Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L.-B., Eriksson, K.-F., Rosén, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., de Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph., Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., de Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martínez, J., Sánchez, V., Santana, C., García, I., Macías, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Löblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Göpel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renström, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. 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D., Dupuy, O., Mayaudon, H., Lecoules, S., Bauduceau, B., Palou, M., Farret, O., Molinié, C., Antonelli-Incalzi, R., Fuso, L., Giordano, A., Calcagni, M. L., Todaro, L., Basso, S., Tramaglino, L. M., Troncone, L., Pistelli, R., Guillot, R., Bringuier, A., Porokhov, B., Guillausseau, P. J., Feldmann, G., Zivanic, S., Cizmic, M., Dragojevic, R., Vanovic, M., Borghouts, L. B., van Kranenburg, G. P. J., Schaart, G., Keizer, H. A., Niess, A. M., Dickuth, H. H., Lutz, O., Barbe, P., Calazel-Fournier, C., Hernandez, G., Saint-Martin, F., Galitzky, J., Gonçalves, A. A., da Silva, E. C., Brito, I. J. L., da Silva, C. A., Lawrence, N. J., Kousta, E., Mulnier, H., Penny, A., Millauer, B., Johnston, D. G., Robinson, S., Perriello, G., Pimenta, W., Pampanelli, S., Lucidi, P., Lepore, M., Porcellati, F., Cordoni, M. C., De Feo, P., Bolli, G. B., Sjöstrand, M., Holmäng, A., Lönnroth, P., Hauer, B., Grauer, P., Artzner, S., Lang, R., Stumvoll, M., Monti, L. D., Piatti, P. M., Gemone, F., Valsecchi, G., Magni, M., Barbieri, E., Setola, E., Sandoli, E. P., Galli-Kienle, M., Pontiroli, A. E., Nichols, Gregory A., Brown, Jonathan B., Salzsieder, E., Boltz, H., Ramirez, J. C., Rutscher, A., Fischer, U., Koenig, Ch., Friske, M., Schramm, W., Landgraf, R., Bachmann, W., Bangemann, M., Groeneveld, G., Edvell, Anders, Lindström, Per, Tsiotra, P., Koukourava, A., Raptis, S. A., Tsigos, C., Boutou, E., Triandaffilopoulou, A., Egido, E. M., Rodríguez-Gallardo, J., Gutiérrez, E., García, P., Silvestre, R. A., Marco, J., Khan, Akhtar, Ling, Zong-Chao, Ahren, Bo, Efendic, Suad, Bünting, C., Du, X., Zhi Sui, G., Rösen, P., Koschinsky, T., Kearney, T. M., Sharp, P. S., Lapolla, A., Fedele, D., Martano, L., Garbeglio, M., Seraglia, R., Favretto, D., Traldi, P., Meerwaldt, R., Smit, A. J., Links, Th. P., v. Roon, A. M., Graaf, R., Gans, R. O. B., Deynelİ, O., Ersöz, H. Ö., Gogas, D., Fak, A. 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C., Kaya, F., Süsleyici, B., Öztürk, M., Eisner, M., Guldbakke, B., Karpenko, N., Brizgalova, G., Alesina, M., Røder, M. E., Schwartz, R. S., Prigeon, R., Kahn, S. E., Kendereški, A., Micić, D., Šumarac, M., Macut, Dj., Zonć, S., Čolić, M., Cvijović, G., Gligorović, P., Courtney, C. H., Atkinson, A. B., Ennis, C., Sheridan, B., Bell, P. M., Jolly, M., Amin, R., Godsland, I., Horvoka, R., Anyaoku, V., Lawrence, N., Krasova, N., Sergienko, L., Mingrone, G., Plat, L., Balasse, E. O., Zykova, T., Jenssen, T., Strelkova, A., Zykova, S., Tipisova, E., Féry, F., Wijenaike, A. N., Watt, P. W., Jung, R. T., Bolton-Smith, C., Rennie, M. J., Ludvik, B., Aigmueller, Th., Waldhaeusl, W., Courtois, P., Bource, F., Guenat, E., Philippe, J., Jéquier, E., Tappy, L., Benny, Santosa, Grönemeyer, Dietrich, Aygen, Sitke, Scholz, Nicole, Busch, Martin, Tauveron, I., Rochon, C., Dejax, C., Benoit, P., Capitan, P., Bayle, G., Prugnaud, J., Fabricio, A., Champredon, C., Thieblot, P., Grizard, J., Nielsen, M. F., Nyholm, B., Chandramouli, V., Schumann, W. C., Landau, B. R., Rizza, R. A., Mitrakou, A., Meyer, C., Tolias, A., Platanisiotis, D., Vlachos, L., Gerich, J., Wajngot, A., Sprangers, F., Jellema, W. T., Lopuhaä, C. E., van Lieshout, J. J., van der Zee, J. S., Mithieux, G., Croset, M., Zitoun, C., Hurot, J. M., Rajas, F., Montano, S., Willem, R., Verbruggen, I., Grue-Sørensen, G., Björkling, F., Watson, N. D., Burns, S. P., Murphy, H. C., Iles, R. A., Cohen, R. D., Rooney, K., Swan, V., Phuyal, J., Millar, J., Bryson, J., Denyer, G., Caterson, I., Thompson, C., Gaster, M., Handberg, Aa., Schrøder, H. D., Alzaid, A., Sobki, S., Thye-Rønn, P., Alford, F., Christopher, M., Gras, F., Brunmair, B., Neschen, S., Py, G., Lambert, K., Raynaud, E., Mercier, J., Tsuchihashi, K., Sumida, Y., Fujimoto, H., Nakamura, M., Miyata, E., Furuta, M., Katsuki, A., Ito, K., Sasaki, R., Hori, Y., Yano, Y., Adachi, Y., Lauritz, J., Eriksson, J. W., Burén, J., Zhao, L. J., Li, Z.-C., Kullin, M., Karlsson, F. A., Redondo, A., Puente, J., Clemente, F., González, N., Moberg, E., Amer, P., Hagström-Toft, E., Bolinder, J., Björnholm, M., Krook, A., Galuska, D., Myers, M., Zierath, J. R., Wallberg-Henriksson, H., Niklasson, M., Strindberg, L., Sternberg, F., Hebeda, S., Kratzer, W., Salgado, M. I., Hoss, U., Kalatz, B., Lohmann, S., Fussgänger, R., Khomazjuk, A. I., Ncscheret, A. P., Gonchar, I. V., Quinones-Galvan, A., Sironi, A. M., Cominacini, L., Nagai, Y., Yamashita, H., Takamura, T., Kobayashi, K., Szanto, I., Peth, J. A., Kinnick, T. R., Youngblood, E. B., Tritschler, H. J., Henriksen, E. J., Gašperíková, D., Rufo, C., Teran-Garcia, M., Nakamura, M. T., Clarke, S. D., Pye, S., Zhang, Z., Radziuk, J., Guignot, L., Bell, K. S., Lim-Fraser, M., Cooney, G., Kraegen, E. W., Takayama, S., Legare, D. J., Macedo, M. P., Lautt, W. W., Bradley, B., Barron, P., Davies, J., Ader, M., Richey, J. M., Ait El Mkadem, S., Macari, F., Renard, E., Méchaly, I., Brun, J. F., Cros, G., Bringer, J., del Aguila, L. F., Krishnan, R. K., Farrell, P. A., Ulbrecht, J., Correll, P. H., Kirwan, J. P., Mei, J., Rahn-Landström, T., Brindley, D., Manganiello, V., Degerman, E., Ziv, E., Shafrir, E., Kaiman, R., Galer, S., Bar-On, H., Gerő, L., Földes, K., Janssen, J., Járay, J., Perner, F., Haap, M., Houdali, B., Schmit, M. B., Dietze, G. J., Perrini, S., Natalicchio, A., Montrone, C., de Robertis, O., De Pergola, G., Strack, V., Kellerer, M., Kausch, C., Condorelli, G., Beguinot, F., Häring, H.-U., Song, X. M., Chibalin, A. V., Ryder, J. W., Jiang, X. J., Alessi, D. R., Hennige, A. M., Metzinger, E., Seipke, G., Trüb, T., Hey, A., Sørensen, A. R., Schäffer, L., Drejer, K., Kurtzhals, P., Hansen, B. F., Matozaki, T., Noguchi, T., Yamao, T., Takada, T., Ochi, F., Takeda, H., Inagaki, K., Hosoka, T., Kasuga, M., Schürt, M., Meier, M., Drenckhan, M., Meyer, M., Aries, S. P., Klein, H. H., Telting, D., van der Zon, G. C. M., Dorrestijn, J., Maassen, J. A., Clapham, J. C., Holder, J. C., Tomlinson, K. M., Pickavance, L., Buckingham, R., Wilding, J., Jacinto, S. M., Harrold, J., Ljung, B., Kjellstedt, A., Thalén, P., Widdowson, P., Williams, G., Oakes, N., Aoki, K., Saito, T., Satoh, S., Mukasa, K., Kaneshiro, M., Kawasaki, S., Hoshino, K., Okamura, A., Sekihara, H., Smith, U., Johansson, A., Nilsson, E., Olausson, T., Nakazawa, T., Suzuki, M., Martinez, J., Murado, P., Azal, Ö., Yönem, A., Çakır, B., Polat, Z., Kutlu, M., Çorakçı, A., Bayraktar, M., Gürlek, A., Koray, Z., Damian, M. S., Linn, T., Laube, H., Arzner, S., Meißner, H.-P., Giunti, S., Comune, M., Cassader, M., Conte, M. R., Sacchi, C., Musso, G., Mecca, F., Depetris, N., Gambino, R., Perin, P. Cavallo, Kawakami, S., Sandqvist, M., Jansson, P.-A., Šindelka, G., Widimský, J., Haas, T., Prázný, M., Mari, A., Nolan, J. J., Uusitupa, M. I. J., Karşıdağ, K., Hacıhanefioğlu, B., Dinççağ, N., Drivsholm, T., Palacios, R. T., Vølund, A., Pedersen, Oluf B., Letiexhe, M. R., Scheen, A. J., Quiñones Galvan, A., Simeoni, M., Basu, A., Uosukainen, A., Mäkimattila, S., Schlenzka, A., Adler, A. I., Levy, J., Stevens, R., Matthews, D., Holman, R., Boland, B. J., Jeanjean, M., Hermans, M. P., Maudoigt, C., Tonglet, R., Robert, A., Quiñones-Galvan, A., Cini, G., Galetta, F., Sanna, G., Gernone, F., Janssen, M. J., Gonera, R. K., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., de Leeuw, P. W., Schaper, N. C., Molęda, P., Kuczerowski, R., Czech, A., Tatoń, J., Taddei, S., Patiag, D., Qu, X., Wilkes, M., Gray, S., Seale, J. P., Donnelly, R., Campión, J., Maestro, B., Dávila, N., Carranza, M. C., Calle, C., Hales, C. N., Fernández-Real, J. M., Grasa, M., Pugeat, M., Barret, C., Ricart, W., Lindmark, S., Olsson, T., Tufvesson, M., Loeblein, K., Mehnert, B., Haering, H. U., Rave, Klaus, Heise, Tim, Clauson, Per, Hirschberger, Sabine, Heinemann, Lutz, Claret, M., Nadal, B., Truc, A., Rossi, L., Hildebrand, P., Ketterer, S., Beglinger, C., Keller, U., Gyr, K., Parvin, S., Overkamp, D., Vayreda, M., González-Huix, F., G-Huix, F., Zavaroni, I., Gasparini, P., Massironi, P., Zuccarelli, A., Delsignore, R., Reaven, G. M., Sheu, W. H. H., Lee, W. J., Chen, Y.-T., Iraklianou, S., Tournis, S., Volonakis, I., Spylopoulou, M., Bilianou, E., Melidonis, A., Foussas, S., Güler, Serdar, çakir, Bekir, Demi̇rbaş, Berrin, Gürsoy, Gül, Serter, Rüştü, Aral, Yalçin, Morton, G., Lee, S., Fahey, R., de Silva, A., Cai, X. J., Buckingham, R. E., Arch, J. R. S., Wilson, S., Clausen, J. T., Kristensen, P., Nielsen, P. F., Wulff, B. S., Thim, L., Holness, M. J., Sugden, M. C., Fryer, L. G. D., Munns, M. J., Mannucci, E., Ognibene, A., Cremasco, F., Bardini, G., Mencucci, A., Ciani, S., Pierazzuoli, E., Tsuchihashil, K., Rigalleau, V., Delafaye, C., Baillet, L., Vergnot, V., Brunou, P., Gatta, B., Gin, H., Felber, J. P., Munger, R., Assimacopoulos, F., Bobbioni, E., Golay, A., Wilken, M., Larsen, F. S., Buckley, D., Molina, L. M., Marquez, L., Arbeo, A., Hernandez, C., Kofod, H., Damholt, A. B., Buchan, A., Márquez, L., Luque, M. A., Sarti, L., Sutton, P. J., Behle, K., Heimesaat, M. M., Hüfner, M., Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg, Mølier, Niels, Christiansen, Jens Sandahl, Schmitz, Ole, Deacon, C. F., Brock, B., Knudsen, L. B., Agersø, H., Huusfeldt, P. O., Kelly, C. M. N., Brunn, C., Schioos, J., Sewing, S., Lemansky, P., Wawro, S., Mest, H. J., Taguchi, T., Motoshima, H., Yoshizato, K., Guenifi, Amel, Henriksson, M., Johansson, J., Shafqat, J., Tally, M., Wahren, J., Jömvall, H., Ekberg, K., Rigler, R., Pramanik, A., Kratz, G., Johansson, B.-L., Uhlén, M., Jörnvall, H., Forst, T., Dufayet De La Tour, D., Kunt, T., Pfützner, A., Goitom, K., Pohlmann, T., Schneider, S., Johansson, B. L., Löbig, M., Engelbach, M., Beyer, J., Ekman, Bertil, Nyström, Fredrik, Arnqvist, Hans J., Halvatsiotis, P. G., Meek, S., Bigelow, M., Nair, K. S., Maghsoudi, S., Fisker, S., Vølund, A. A., Jörgensen, J. O. L., Christiansen, J. S., Hilsted, J., Mazerkina, N. A., Tiulpakov, A. N., Gorelyshev, S. K., Peterkova, V. A., Macut, D. J., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F. F., Catalina, P. F., Mallo, F., Andrade, A., García-Mayor, R. V. G., Popova, V. V., ter Maaten, J. C., Popp-Snijders, C., Madsen, L., Ukropec, J., Bergene, E., Rnstan, A. C., Berge, R., Arner, P., Wahl, G., Häring, H., Bryson, J. M., Curtis, S. E., Caterson, I. D., Winzell, M. Sörhede, Svensson, H., Ahnén, B., Holm, C., Phillips, C., Madigan, C., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Cabezas, M. Castro, van Oostrom, A. J. H. H. M., Erkelens, D. W., Summers, L. K. M., Fielding, B. A., Ilic, V., Clark, M. L., Frayn, K. N., Pietzsch, J., Julius, U., Nitzsche, S., Fischer, S., Lindgren, C., Amrot-Fors, L., Hoffmann, M. M., Luft, D., Schmülling, R.-M., D’Adamo, M., Leonetti, F., Paoloni, A., Ribaudo, M. C., Basso, M. S., Elmore, U., Restuccia, A., Sbraccia, P., Emilsson, V., O’Dowd, J., Heyman, R., Cawthorne, M. A., Pelikánová, T., Kazdová, L., Žák, A., Chvojková, Š., Özer, E. M., Kadıoğlu, P., Korugan, Ü., Hatemi, H., Rivellese, A. A., Dullaart, R. P. F., Riemens, S. C., Sluiter, W. J., van Tol, A., Farnier, M., Megnien, S., Turpin, G., Stulp, B. K., Brambilla, P., Brunelli, A., Riva, M. C., Manzoni, P., de Poli, S., Riboni, S., Stolk, R. P., Meijer, R., Wink, O., Zelissen, P. M. J., van Gils, A. P. G., Grobbee, D. 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W., Taverna, M., Guerre-Millo, M., Chevalier, A., Pacher, N., Slama, G., Gorshunska, M., Buyken, A. E., Heitkamp, G., Kabir, M., Oppert, J. M., Wursch, P., Bruzzo, F., Rahman, M. H., Fatima, K., Ahmed, S., Mondal, H. N., Yilmaz, M., Öztok, U., Karakoç, A., Çakır, N., Düzgün, E., Yetkin, İ., Arslan, M., Şardaş, S., Wilding, John, Géloën, A., Baret, G., Dalmaz, Y., Peyronnet, J., Clémenceau, B., Martignat, L., Lalain, S., Gouin, E., Kenda-Ropson, N., Miller, A. O. A., You, S., Aguilera, E., Recasens, M., Flores, L., Ricart, M. J., Fernández-Cruz, L., Esmatjes, E., Crenier, L., Noël, C., Le Moine, A., Mahy, M., Danguy, A., Kiss, R., Goldman, M., Bracci, C., De Haan, B., Nilsson, K., Deschamps, J. Y., Glagoličová, A., Smrčková, I., Dieterle, C., Illner, W. D., Land, W., Feldmeier, H., Scheuer, R., Lalli, C., Di Loreto, C., Ellringmann, U., Balks, H. J., v. zur Mühlen, A., Dengler, R., Weissenborn, K., Rasmussen, B. M., Ørskov, L., Watson, J., Owen, G., Barrett, G., Ingleby, J., Weiss, M., Deary, I., Cavan, D., Kerr, D., Bruneiii, A., Cuce’, A., Elsing, H. G., Kühne, D., Quinn, N. D., Warner, D. P., Buysschaert, M., Jamal, R., O’Brien, T., Latare, P., Mullen, J., Rein, A., Wargo, M., Parkes, J. L., Ginsberg, B., Sotiropoulos, A., Peppas, Th. A., Kotsini, V., Apostolou, O., Bousboulas, S., Michailidis, E., Sawala, M., Pappas, S., Nilsson, P. M., Nilsson, J. Å., Berglund, G., Molins, T., Esteban, J. I., Genescà, J., Paris, I., Haufroid, V., Selvais, Ph., Petit, J. M., Duong, M., Grappin, M., Guiguet, M., Rudoni, S., Portier, H., Brun, J. M., Bagg, W., Plank, L., Drury, P. L., Sharpe, N., Braatvedt, G. D., Carrascosa, J. M., Molero, J. C., Fermίn, Y., Andrés, A., Satrústegui, J., Rietzsch, H., Patzak, A., Schwanebeck, U., Simpson, H., Robertson-Mackay, F., Montegriffo, E., Fox, C., Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Dorman, J. M., Gerstein, H. C., Lau, D., Leiter, L. A., Maheux, P., Meneilly, G. S., Murphy, L., Rodger, N. W., Ross, S. A., Ryan, E., Yale, J.-F., Wolever, T. M. S., Haller, T., Elias, I., Segal, P., Standi, E., Rybka, J., Sencer, E., Satman, I., Schlcnzka, A., Vakkilainen, J., Tsaglis, H., Ioannidis, I., Giakoumaki, A., Amantou, A., Komitopoulos, N., Georgiou, S., Varsamis, E., Katsilambros, N., El Gayar, M., Shereba, N., Botros, R., Fikry, R., Jackson, D., Balme, M., Silva-Nunes, J., Alves, J., Bogalho, P., Gardete-Correia, L., Nunes-Corrêa, J., Kot’átková, A., Němcová, D., Vrbíková, J., Zamrazil, V., Meyer, L., Delbachian, I., Lehert, P., Cugnardey, N., Drouin, P., Guerci, B., Wagner, O. F., Jones, N. P., Vallance, S. E., Thompson, K. A., Miller, A. K., Inglis, A. M. L., Patterson, S., Jorkasky, D., Freed, M. I., Mathisen, A. L., Schneider, R., Rubin, C., Houser, V., Beebe, K. L., Kortboyer, J. M., Eckland, D. J. A., Cranmer, H., Mori, Y., Kurokawa, N., Komiya, H., Horikoshi, H., Yokoyama, J., Tajima, N., Ikeda, Y., Bakst, A., Hemyari, P., Lönnqvist, F., Owen, S., Vikramadithyan, R. K., Chakrabarti, R., Misra, P., Prem Kumar, M., Sunil Kumar, K. B., Ghosh, A., Rajagopalan, R., Goldstein, B., Katoh, S., Tsuruoka, N., Hata, S., Matsushima, M., Ikemoto, S., Inoue, Y., Edwards, G., Fonseca, V., Biswas, N., Bakris, G., Viberti, G., Rebuck, A. S., Weill, S., Abel, M. G., Klappoth, W., Brodesser, A., Linkeschowa, R., Pushparaj, P., Tan, C. H., Tan, B. K. H., Bahner, A., Parker, J., Waite, G., Lipson, V., Nahar, N., Rokeya, B., Parveen, S., Nur-e-Alam, M., Mosihuzzaman, M., Hansen, A. Kornerup, Lepore°, M., Kurzhals, R., Pampanelli°, S., Fanelli°, C. G., Bolli°, G. B., Ratner, R. E., Hirsch, I. B., Mecca, T. E., Wilson, C. A., Mohideen, P., Mudaliar, S., Deutsch, R., Ciaraldi, T., Armstrong, D., Kim, B., Morrill, B., Sha, X., Henry, R., Meyer, B. H., Scholtz, H. 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- 1999
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30. A Microcalorimetric Study on the Role of Moisture in Photolysis of Nifedipine Powder
- Author
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Lehto, V.-P., Salonen, J., and Laine, E.
- Abstract
A well-known photolabile substance, nifedipine, was used as a sample material to test self-constructed irradiation cells and demonstrate their usefulness in photostability studies. The devices were made as accessories for a commercial isothermal microcalorimeter. Several powder samples containing various amounts of moisture were irradiated with monochromatic light as a scan measurement from 700 to 280 nm, and the heat flow evolved in the photodegradation of nifedipine was determined. According to the results, light does not affect the nifedipine molecule directly, but the photodegradation is a result of the combined effects of moisture and light.
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- 1999
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31. [3H]-adenine metabolism and radiation damage during in vitro development of the kidney.
- Author
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Salonen, J, Saxén, L, Lehtonen, E, and Raivio, K O
- Abstract
We followed the early post-induction changes in nucleic acid synthesis of the metanephric kidney anlage in vitro. Enhanced incorporation of [3H]-thymidine and [3H]-adenine was detected, but several factors were shown to influence the interpretation of such in vitro experiments. The incorporation is dependent not only on the stage of development of the target organ but also on its transfer to organ culture, as early rudiments require an "adaptive" pre-cultivation to stabilize their metabolism; at more advanced stages growth and DNA synthesis proceed without delay. Another potential artifact is radiation damage which is caused by the incorporated radioisotope and can be detected in prolonged cultures. A [3H]-adenine pulse of more than 1 microCi/ml for 2 hr leads to definite growth retardation, and a 10-microCi/ml pulse causes extensive cell death and atrophy on a 4- to 6-day subculture. The radiation damage is dose-dependent and of variable severity in the different cell lineages within the organ. Since the radioisotope doses were in the range of those commonly used for monitoring cell proliferation and metabolism, we stress the risk of obtaining artifactual results, especially in prolonged cultures after pulse-labeling.
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- 1992
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32. Coffee consumption is correlated with serum cholesterol in middle-aged Finnish men and women.
- Author
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Tuomilehto, J, Tanskanen, A, Pietinen, P, Aro, A, Salonen, J T, Happonen, P, Nissinen, A, and Puska, P
- Abstract
The association between coffee consumption and serum cholesterol was studied in a cross-sectional epidemiological study in Finland where the annual per capita consumption of coffee (13.0 kg) is the highest in the world. Coffee consumption was assessed by a questionnaire in a representative population sample of 4744 men and 4495 women aged 25 to 64 years. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were determined in fresh sera by the enzymatic method. Data on a large number of potential confounding variables were also collected. In the age group 25 to 44 years, the level of serum total cholesterol increased linearly with increasing coffee consumption in both sexes, but in people aged 45 to 64 the peak level of serum cholesterol was found in those who consumed 4 to 6 cups of coffee per day. In the analysis of covariance controlling for age, body mass index, intake of fat, sugar, and alcohol, smoking, physical activity, and fasting time, the mean level of serum cholesterol of men was lower (p less than 0.001) in those who drank no coffee (5.9 mmol/l) than in those who drank 1 to 3 cups (6.1 mmol/l) or 4 or more cups (6.2 mmol/l) per day. In women, the corresponding mean serum cholesterol values were 5.8 mmol/l, 6.1 mmol/l, and 6.1 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels did not vary significantly with coffee consumption. There was a slight inverse association between tea drinking and serum total cholesterol in men (p less than 0.05) but not in women. Although our results suggest a positive association, the impact of coffee drinking on serum cholesterol seems to be minimal. The results also indicate that the possible mechanisms do not include caffeine.
- Published
- 1987
33. Vitamin C deficiency and risk of myocardial infarction: prospective population study of men from eastern Finland.
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K, Nyyssnen, T, Parviainen M, R, Salonen, J, Tuomilehto, and T, Salonen J
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between plasma vitamin C concentrations and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Prospective population study. SETTING: Eastern Finland. SUBJECTS: 1605 randomly selected men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 who did not have either symptomatic coronary heart disease or ischaemia on exercise testing at entry to the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study in between 1984 and 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of acute myocardial infarctions; fasting plasma vitamin C concentrations at baseline. RESULTS: 70 of the men had a fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction between March 1984 and December 1992.91 men had vitamin C deficiency (plasma ascorbate < 11.4 mumol/l, or 2.0 mg/l), of whom 12 (13.2%) had a myocardial infarction; 1514 men were not deficient in vitamin C, of whom 58 (3.8%) had a myocardial infarction. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, year of examination, and season of the year examined (August to October v rest of the year) men who had vitamin C deficiency had a relative risk of acute myocardial infarction of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 6.7, P = 0.0002) compared with those who were not deficient. In another model adjusted additionally for the strongest risk factors for myocardial infarction and for dietary intakes of tea fibre, carotene, and saturated fats men with a plasma ascorbate concentration < 11.4 mumol/l had a relative risk of 2.5 (1.3 to 5.2, P = 0.0095) compared with men with higher plasma vitamin C concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C deficiency, as assessed by low plasma ascorbate concentration, is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
- Published
- 1997
34. Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study.
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A, Everson S, W, Lynch J, A, Chesney M, A, Kaplan G, E, Goldberg D, B, Shade S, D, Cohen R, R, Salonen, and T, Salonen J
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the combined influence of workplace demands and changes in blood pressure induced by stress on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Population based follow up study of unestablished as well as traditional risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, and other outcomes. SETTING: Eastern Finland. SUBJECTS: 591 men aged 42-60 who were fully employed at baseline and had complete data on the measures of carotid atherosclerosis, job demands, blood pressure reactivity, and covariates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in ultrasonographically assessed intima-media thickness of the right and left common carotid arteries from baseline to 4 year follow up. RESULTS: Significant interactions between workplace demands and stress induced reactivity were observed for all measures of progression (P < 0.04). Men with large changes in systolic blood pressure (20 mm Hg or greater) in anticipation of a maximal exercise test and with high job demands had 10-40% greater progression of mean (0.138 v 0.123 mm) and maximum (0.320 v 0.261 mm) intima-media thickness and plaque height (0.347 v 0.264) than men who were less reactive and had fewer job demands. Similar results were obtained after excluding men with prevalent ischaemic heart disease at baseline. Findings were strongest among men with at least 20% stenosis or non-stenotic plaque at baseline. In this subgroup reactive men with high job demands had more than 46% greater atherosclerotic progression than the others. Adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: Men who showed stress induced blood pressure reactivity and who reported high job demands experienced the greatest atherosclerotic progression, showing the association between dispositional risk characteristics and contextual determinants of disease and suggesting that behaviourally evoked cardiovascular reactivity may have a role in atherogenesis.
- Published
- 1997
35. Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men.
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T, Salonen J, K, Nyyssönen, P, Tuomainen T, H, Mäenpää P, H, Korpela, A, Kaplan G, J, Lynch, P, Helmrich S, and R, Salonen
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To investigate whether low vitamin E status is a risk factor for incident non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. DESIGN--Population based follow up study with diabetes assessed at baseline and at four years. SETTING--Eastern Finland. SUBJECTS--Random sample of 944 men aged 42-60 who had no diabetes at the baseline examination. INTERVENTION--Oral glucose tolerance test at four year follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--A man was defined diabetic if he had either (a) a fasting blood glucose concentration > or = 6.7 mmol/l, or (b) a blood glucose concentration > or = 10.0 mmol/l two hours after a glucose load, or (c) a clinical diagnosis of diabetes with either dietary, oral, or insulin treatment. RESULTS--45 men developed diabetes during the follow up period. In a multivariate logistic regression model including the strongest predictors of diabetes, a low lipid standardised plasma vitamin E (below median) concentration was associated with a 3.9-fold (95% confidence interval 1.8-fold to 8.6-fold) risk of incident diabetes. A decrement of 1 mumol/l of uncategorised unstandardised vitamin E concentration was associated with an increment of 22% in the risk of diabetes when allowing for the strongest other risk factors as well as serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS--There was a strong independent association between low vitamin E status before follow up and an excess risk of diabetes at four years. This supports the theory that free radical stress has a role in the causation of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 1995
36. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 4(5)-(2-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-silainden-2-yl)imidazole, a silicon analogue of atipamezole
- Author
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Heinonen, P., Sipilae, H., Neuvonen, K., Loennberg, H., Cockcroft, V. B., Wurster, S., Virtanen, R., Savola, M. K. T., Salonen, J. S., and Savola, J. M.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Lisinopril: dose‐peak effect relationship in essential hypertension.
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Cirillo, VJ, Gomez, HJ, Salonen, J, Salonen, R, Rissanen, V, Bolognese, JA, Nyberg, R, and Kristianson, K
- Abstract
1. The dose‐peak effect relationship of lisinopril was evaluated in a double‐blind, parallel study in 83 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure = 95‐115 mm Hg). 2. After a 4 week placebo washout, patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: lisinopril 2.5, 10, 20 or 80 mg day‐1 for 1 week. 3. Lisinopril 10 and 20 mg day‐1 produced similar peak antihypertensive effects which were greater than that produced by 2.5 mg day‐1, but less than that of 80 mg day‐1. If the incidence of first‐ dose symptomatic hypotension is related to the peak effect, then an initial lisinopril dose of 20 mg should not pose any greater risk than a 10 mg dose. 4. The magnitude of antihypertensive response at 24 h postdrug appeared to be dose related across the 2.5 to 80 mg day‐1 range.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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38. Prospective follow-up of genital HPV infections: Survival analysis of the HPV typing data
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Kataja, V., Syrjänen, K., Syrjanen, S., Mantyjarvi, R., Yliskoski, M., Saarikoski, S., and Salonen, J. T.
- Abstract
A series of 532 women with genital HPV infections has been prospectively followed-up without treatment since 1981 for a mean of 50 (+/-21) months. The patients were examined at six month intervals by colposcopy, PAP smears and/or biopsy. HPV typing of all biopsies was completed using in situ, Southern blot and/or sandwich hybridization with DNA probes for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33. Survival data analysis was applied to analyse the clinical course (i.e. spontaneous regression and progression) of the HPV lesions stratified by their HPV type, currently available for 458 women. Clinical progression was significantly related to the HPV type present in the lesions. The progression rate was 11.1% (6/54) for HPV 6 lesions, 14.3% (8/ 56) for HPV 11, 35.2% (32/91) for HPV 16,12.5% (4/32) for HPV 18,18.8% (6/32) for HPV 31,19.4% (6/31) for HPV 33 and 28.6% (4/14) for doubly infected lesions. The lowest progression rate, 6.1% (9/ 148), was found in lesions which remained constantly HPV DNA-negative. In the survival analysis the probability of progression varied significantly between the six HPV types (p=0.0005, overall). After grouping the viral types as HPV 6/11 (‘low risk’), HPV 16/18 (‘high risk’) and HPV 31/33 (‘intermediate risk’) the overall probability of progression remained significantly different (p=0.0035, overall). In clinical regression, however, the HPV type was not an equally good predictor (p=0.1952, overall). Within groups HPV 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33 the differences were even less significant (p= 0.4759, overall). In the pairwise comparison significant differences in progression occurred when HPV type 16 was compared to HPV 6, HPV 11 or HPV DNA-negative lesions. In regression similar differences existed in comparison of HPV DNA-negative to HPV 6 or HPV 18 lesions.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Characterization and determinants of an electronegatively charged low-density lipoprotein in human plasma
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Nyyssönen, K., Kaikkonen, J., and Salonen, J. T.
- Abstract
There is evidence that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is an important step in the atherosclerotic process. Electronegatively charged LDL has been found in the atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and human and it is supposed to represent an early modification of LDL in the oxidative process in vivo. We describe a chromatographic method for determination of an LDL subfraction (LDL-) percentage from plasma LDL and the investigation of the lipid composition of native LDL and LDL- fractions separated by this method. We also studied the main determinants of the change in plasma LDL- level in a population sample of 45 men during a 6-months follow-up period. The LDL- fraction separated by anion-exchange chromatography had significantly higher triglyceride and free cholesterol and significantly lower phospholipid and total cholesterol contents, and lower a-tocopherol to triglyceride ratio than native LDL. In a 6-month follow up of 45 subjects, decreases in the ratio of blood glutathione disulphide to reduced glutathione, in serum LDL cholesterol and in serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in plasma p-carotene concentration had independent associations with a decrease of LDL -. The linear regression model including only these four variables was able to account for 47% of the variation of LDL -. Our findings suggest that the change in the plasma LDL- percentage measured by an anion-exchange liquid chromatography is predicted by changes in the major determinants of lipid peroxidation.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Community-Based Strategy to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease: Conclusions from the Ten Years of the North Karelia Project
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Puska, P, Nissinen, A, Tuomilehto, J, Salonen, J T, Koskela, K, McAlister, A, Kottke, T E, Maccoby, N, and Farquhar, J W
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Ascorbate and urate are the strongest determinants of plasma antioxidative capacity and serum lipid resistance to oxidation in Finnish men
- Author
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Nysssoenen, K., Porkkala-Sarataho, E., Kaikkonen, J., and Salonen, J. T.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Higher levels of conditioning leisure time physical activity are associated with reduced levels of stored iron in Finnish men.
- Author
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Lakka, T A, Nyyssönen, K, and Salonen, J T
- Abstract
The authors investigated the association of the amount and intensity of conditioning leisure time physical activity with serum ferritin and blood hemoglobin concentrations in 1,743 eastern Finnish men who were aged 42-60 years during the period 1984-1989. The duration and frequency of physical activity were associated inversely with serum ferritin (p = 0.003 for duration and p < 0.001 for frequency) and blood hemoglobin (p = 0.002 for duration and p = 0.019 for frequency) in multivariate regression models, after adjustment for major confounders. Men in the highest quartile of duration (> 2.6 hours/week) had a 16.8% lower mean serum ferritin concentration and men in the highest category of frequency (> 3 sessions/week) had a 19.9% lower mean serum ferritin concentration than men with a low duration (< 0.4 hour/week) and frequency (< 1 session/week), respectively. For blood hemoglobin, the respective differences were 1.3% and 1.0%. The intensity of physical activity was significantly associated only with blood hemoglobin (p = 0.011). Together with the authors' previous finding concerning the association between high serum ferritin and an excess risk of acute myocardial infarction, these data suggest that a reduction in stored iron levels could be one mechanism through which conditioning leisure time physical activity decreases the risk of coronary heart disease.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Serum copper and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective population study in men in eastern Finland.
- Author
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Salonen, J T, Salonen, R, Korpela, H, Suntioinen, S, and Tuomilehto, J
- Abstract
The authors investigated the association of serum copper concentration with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,666 randomly selected men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years who had no symptomatic ischemic heart disease at entry. Baseline examinations in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Eastern Finland were done during 1984 to 1988. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusting for age, examination year, ischemic electrocardiogram in exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, diabetes, family history of ischemic heart disease, cigarette-years, mean systolic blood pressure, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol subfraction HDL2 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and blood leukocyte count, serum copper concentration in the two highest tertiles (1.02-1.16 mg/liter and 1.17 mg/liter or more) associated with 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.3-9.4, p less than 0.05) and 4.0-fold (95 percent Cl 1.5-10.8, p less than 0.01) risk of acute myocardial infarction. These data indicate that high copper status, reflected by elevated serum copper concentration, is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Changes in serum cholesterol level and mortality: a 30-year follow-up. The Finnish cohorts of the seven countries study.
- Author
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Pekkanen, J, Nissinen, A, Vartiainen, E, Salonen, J T, Punsar, S, and Karvonen, M J
- Abstract
The association of past changes in serum cholesterol level with cause-specific mortality between 1974 and 1989 was examined in a cohort of 784 Finnish men aged 55-74 years who were free of symptomatic coronary heart disease in 1974. Changes in serum cholesterol level were computed based on measurements made in 1959, 1964, 1969, and 1974. Of the 405 deaths, 202 were due to cardiovascular diseases and 107 due to cancer. Men with a decline in serum cholesterol level between 1959 and 1974 also experienced greater than average declines in body mass index and tended to be more often current smokers in 1974. Among 339 men aged 65-74 years in 1974, men in the lowest tertile of serum cholesterol change, i.e., with greatest declines, had increased cardiovascular (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.50) and all-cause (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.02) mortality compared with men in the middle tertile of change, i.e., with least change, in multivariate analysis. Among 445 men aged 55-64 years in 1974, there was a significant U-shaped association between change in serum cholesterol level and coronary and all-cause mortality risk. The authors suggest that both the decline in serum cholesterol level and the associated high mortality may be caused by a third factor, such as increased prevalence of chronic diseases or other changes associated with aging. This would help to explain why several studies have not found an association of serum cholesterol with coronary risk among the elderly.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Pharmacokinetics of fenclofenac in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
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Mäkelä, A. -L., Scheinin, M., Iisalo, E., and Salonen, J. S.
- Abstract
Summary Twenty eight children (age range 3–17 years) with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) received fenclofenac 10–25 mg/kg body weight daily on an open basis. Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken on plasma fenclofenac levels measured during the first 3 weeks of treatment. The peak concentration after the first dose was achieved in 2–8 h in non-fasting subjects and was linearly related to dose. The plasma level then decayed biexponentially, as in adults, the initial distribution phase extending to about 12 h after dosing. After treatment for 18 days, blood samples were taken during the 96 h following the last dose of the drug to define the steady state elimination profile. The elimination half-life was 25.4±7.9 h (n=17) and did not appear to be dependent on the daily dosage. A therapeutic drug concentration of =100 µg/ml emerged from subjective and objective estimates of the response to treatment and measurement of steady state fenclofenac concentration. Treatment response could be more accurately predicted with the aid of drug concentrations than from dosage alone, although the dose and the steady state drug concentration were positively and linearly correlated (r=0.61,p<0.01). Of 16 children receiving doses in excess of 20 mg/kg/day, 3 experienced dose-related adverse effects, increased serum transaminase activity, vertigo and dyspnoea.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Comparison of two doses of betaxolol and placebo in hypertension: A randomized, double-blind cross-over trial
- Author
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Salonen, J. T. and Palminteri, R.
- Abstract
Betaxolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker, which has a bioavailability of 90% and a T
1/2 of 20 h. A four group, cross-over double-blind trial was conducted to select between betaxolol 20 mg and 40 mg for long term trials. 60 patients were allocated randomly to one of the sequences placebo-20 mg, 20 mg-placebo, placebo-40 mg and 40 mg-placebo, each treatment lasting for 2 weeks. Groups were homogenous for baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP), age and male/female ratio, and were slightly unbalanced for weight. A two-way ANOVA (3 treatments, 2 sequences) showed no treatment-sequence interaction nor sequence effect. The mean reduction in DBP was 14.2±1.8 mm Hg following 20 mg and 18.0±1.8 following 40 mg betaxolol, and 4.0±1.2 mm Hg during placebo (p<0.001). Age, weight, baseline DBP and duration of hypertension did not influence the treatment effect. The 95% confidence intervals of the reduction in DBP were 10.4–17.9 for 20 mg and 14.3–21.6 mm Hg for betaxolol 40 mg. Aiming at a mean reduction to 90 mm Hg, betaxolol 20 mg would appear to be adequate in similar patient populations.- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Monitoring the acoustic activity of a pharmaceutical powder during roller compaction
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Salonen, J., Salmi, K., Hakanen, A., Laine, E., and Linsaari, K.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Increased oxidation resistance of atherogenic plasma lipoproteins at high vitamin E levels in non-vitamin E supplemented men
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Porkkala-Sarataho, E., Nyyssoenen, K., and Salonen, J. T.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Ten-year results of hypertension care in the community. Follow-up of the North Karelia hypertension control program.
- Author
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Nissinen, A, Tuomilehto, J, Korhonen, H J, Piha, T, Salonen, J T, and Puska, P
- Abstract
The development of hypertension care over the 10-year period 1972-1982 in North Karelia and a reference area was assessed using three separate random samples of the population aged 30-59 years. The results show a clear improvement in the blood pressure levels of the population and in the hypertension care in North Karelia between 1972 and 1977 when the activities of the hypertension program of the North Karelia Project were gradually implemented. Awareness of elevated blood pressure increased from 39% to 71% among men and from 60% to 87% among women. The proportion of men under antihypertensive drug treatment increased from 4% to 10% and that of women increased from 10% to 15%. After 1977, the hypertension care was maintained but no further improvements were observed in general blood pressure levels. An improvement in hypertension care started in the reference area later than in North Karelia. In spite of favorable changes, the blood pressure level of the population was still high in 1982, the mean casual value among men being 145/87 mmHg and that among women being 141/84 mmHg. It is obvious that further progress in hypertension care is needed.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Weight gain and the risk of developing insulin resistance syndrome.
- Author
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Everson, S A, Goldberg, D E, Helmrich, S P, Lakka, T A, Lynch, J W, Kaplan, G A, and Salonen, J T
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Obesity and weight gain have been associated independently with hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia; however, prior research has not looked at the relation between weight gain from early adulthood to middle age and the development of this cluster of risk factors, known as insulin resistance syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The association between weight gain over 30 years (defined as the difference between measured weight in middle age and participant recall of their weight at age 20) and the odds of developing insulin resistance syndrome at middle age was examined in a population-based sample of 2,272 eastern Finnish men. RESULTS: Each 5% increase in weight over the reported weight at age 20 was associated with nearly a 200% greater risk of insulin resistance syndrome by middle age, after adjustment for age and height. Moreover, there was a strong graded association between categories of weight gain and risk of insulin resistance syndrome. Men with weight increases of 10-19%, 20-29%, or > or =30% since age 20 were 3.0, 4.7, or 10.6 times more likely to have insulin resistance syndrome, respectively, by middle age, compared with men within 10% of their weight at age 20. Adjustments for age, height, physical activity, smoking, education, and parental history of diabetes did not alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS: The odds of having developed the hemodynamic and metabolic abnormalities that characterize insulin resistance syndrome by middle adulthood were increasingly higher the greater the weight gain over the preceding 30 years. This study adds to the literature identifying deleterious effects of weight gain from young to middle adulthood.
- Published
- 1998
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