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Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are frequently exposed to traumatic events which worsen disease course, but this study is the first multicentre randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of a trauma-focused adjunctive psychotherapy in reducing BD affective relapse rates.

Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8), a physically and chemically inert synthetic compound, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for the treatment of DED due to its unique properties. A systematic review that only include full-length randomized controlled studies (RCTs), reporting the effects of F6H8 in three databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The search period was performed between June 1, 2023, and June 21, 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to analyze the quality of the studies selected. A total of six RCTs were included in this systematic review. F6H8 tear substitutes treatment achieved a higher improvement than control group interventions in most of the reported variables. The mean differences between both groups were in favor of F6H8 and were as follow: eye dryness score (EDS) base on a visual analogue scale (VAS) of −6.12 ± 4.3 points, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire score of −2.8 ± 2.3 points, lipid layer thickness (LLT) of 11.4 ± 10.4 μm, total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) of −0.8 ± 0.3 points and ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of −0.66 ± 1.7. Tear film break-up time (TBUT) was the only variable in favor of control group with a mean of −0.5 ± 0.4 s. Patient satisfaction after F6H8 tear substitutes treatment was high. Therefore, F6H8 tear substitutes improve dry eye symptoms and signs with a satisfactory tolerability and could be recommended in patients with DED.

MUF-16 is a porous metal–organic framework comprising cobalt(II) ions and 5-aminoisophthalate ligands. Here, we measured its reversible SO2adsorption–desorption isotherm around room temperature and up to 1 bar and observed a high capacity for SO2(2.2 mmol g–1at 298 K and 1 bar). The uptake of SO2was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, which indicated hydrogen bonding between the SO2guest molecules and amino functional groups of the framework. The location and packing of the SO2molecules were confirmed by computational studies, namely, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the strongest adsorption site and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of the adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, MUF-16 showed a remarkable selective fluorescence response to SO2compared to other gases (CO2, NO2, N2, O2, CH4, and water vapor). The possible fluorescence mechanism was determined by using time-resolved photoluminescence. Also, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.26 mM (∼80.72 ppm) in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of SO2.

An exploration of the SO2adsorption properties, of two distinct mesoporous materials, classic hydroxy-functionalized SBA-15 and amino-functionalized SBA-15, shows remarkable SO2adsorption properties, with total uptakes of 4.43 and 4.19 mmol g–1at 298 K and 1 bar, respectively. Furthermore, the amino-functionalization increases the SO2adsorption at low pressure. Relatively weak SO2interactions viaphysisorption processes in both materials were corroborated by calculating the heat of adsorption for SO2. Then, photoluminescence experiments demonstrated the outstanding properties of SBA-15 for selective SO2detection. A higher packing of the SO2molecules within the pores of the materials was the driving force for the change in fluorescence. Finally, the time-resolved photoluminescence decay experiments provide insights into the intricate host-to-guest energy transfer mechanisms intrinsic to these materials. This research not only advances our knowledge of SO2adsorption mechanisms but also underscores the potential applications of SBA-15 materials in gas sensing and environmental monitoring, which are crucial in various industries.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle response is a measure of sensorimotor gating that is impaired in schizophrenia and in many other clinical conditions. Rat models using pharmacological or surgical strategies reveal that PPI is modulated by the cortico-striatal-pallido-thalamic (CSPT) circuit. Here, we explore whether spontaneous variation in PPI in intact inbred and outbred rats is associated with functional and structural differences in the CSPT circuit. Inbred Roman High-(RHA) and Low-avoidance (RLA) and outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats were assessed for PPI, brain activity, and brain volume. Brain activity was assessed by c-Fos expression and brain volume by magnetic resonance imaging. Relevant structures of the CSPT circuit were evaluated, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), cingulate cortex, hippocampus (HPC), amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dorsal striatum. RHA showed lower PPI than RLA rats, while HS rats were stratified by their PPI levels in three groups. Reduced PPI was accompanied by decreased mPFC activity in Roman and HS rats and increased NAc shell activity in HS rats. Low PPI was also associated with decreased mPFC and HPC volumes in Roman and HS rats. This study reports a consistent relationship between decreased function and volume of the mPFC and spontaneous low-PPI levels in inbred and outbred intact rats. Moreover, our findings suggest that, apart from a hypoactive and smaller mPFC, a hyperactive NAc and smaller HPC may underlie reduced PPI levels. Our results support the notion that sensorimotor gating is modulated by forebrain structures and highlight the importance of the mPFC in its regulation.

Background: There are no studies based on a person-centered approach addressing sex-related differences in the characteristics of treatment-seeking patients with gambling disorder (GD). The main objective of the current study is to identify empirical clusters of GD based on several measures of the severity of gambling behavior, and considering the potential role of patient sex as a moderator. Methods: An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was applied to an adult sample of 512 treatment-seeking patients (473 men and 39 women) by using a combination of the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and log-likelihood function. Results: Three clusters were identified in the subsample of men: cluster M1 (low-mild gambling severity level, 9.1%), cluster M2 (moderate level, 60.9%), and cluster M3 (severe level, 30.0%). In the women subsample, two clusters emerged: cluster W1 (mild-moderate level, 64.1%), and cluster W2 (severe level, 35.9%). The most severe GD profiles were related to being single, multiple gambling preference for nonstrategic plus strategic games, early onset of the gambling activity, higher impulsivity levels, higher dysfunctional scores in the personality traits of harm avoidance, and self-directedness, and higher number of lifespan stressful life events (SLE). Differences between the empirical men and women clusters were found in different sociodemographic and clinical measurements. Conclusions: Men and women have distinct profiles regarding gambling severity that can be identified by a clustering approach. The sociodemographic and clinical characterization of each cluster by sex may help to establish specific preventive and treatment interventions.

In Mexico, Magnoliaspecies of the section Macrophyllahave been segregated based on phenotypic characteristics. However, the wide environmental variation throughout their distribution area in the eastern region of the country could be the main cause of the high degree of morphological variation among the taxa of this section. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies at the genetic level to confirm the taxonomic identity of these species. In the present study, the diversity and genetic structure of the populations of Magnolia rzedowskianaand M. zotictlawere estimated using simple sequence repeat markers. We evaluated whether the taxonomic delimitation as independent species is consistent with their degree of genetic differentiation, comparing three regions of chloroplast DNA: trnH-psbA, ORF350, and rpl32-trnL. The DNA was obtained from four populations of the two species, which are distributed in the states of Hidalgo, Querétaro and San Luis Potosí. The populations presented intermediate–high genetic diversity (He = 0.52–0.60), limited gene flow (Nm = 0.62) and high genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.288), which may be related to their low density and strong geographic isolation, caused by the high degree of fragmentation of their habitat. The phylogenetic analysis and the genetic differentiation values indicate that each of the populations of the two Magnoliaspecies analyzed behaves as an independent evolutionary unit, so the taxonomic delimitation of the three M. rzedowskianapopulations must be reconsidered. The results obtained could be very useful for implementing management and conservation strategies for these populations in the short term.

Not only is excellent performance in SO2capture by porous materials (uptake above 17 mmol g–1) relevant, but also finding a correlation between the architecture changes into a family and their SO2adsorption is very useful. In this contribution, we studied the SO2adsorption behavior (at very low pressure) of an Al(III)-MOF family that shares the pore architecture of MIL-53. The results indicate an inversely proportional trend for the SO2capture and pore expansion, since by increasing the length of the channel pore, the SO2uptake gradually decreases. In addition, this trend is clearly observed in the heat of adsorption, which describes the interaction between the SO2molecule and the μ-OH functional group. These finding are supported by experimental analysis and computational studies.

Disturbance changes the availability of resources over time. CeratozamiafuscoviridisW. Bull, an endangered endemic Mexican cycad, has intrinsic characteristics that increase its susceptibility to environmental changes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of human disturbance on C.fuscoviridispopulations.Four sites were monitored over three years using analysis of spatial structure, matrix projection, life table response experiments and a metric disturbance indicator index, that consider a mixture of factors as logging, cattle grazing, erosion, etc. The disturbance increased spatial aggregation and seedling mortality, reducing both density and population growth rates, and eliminated transition between size classes and adult fecundity. Even when populations of C.fuscoviridiscan persist over short periods, disturbance is affecting their demographic variables and long-term survival. For effective conservation strategies, the relocation of some plants with high fecundity potential is necessary, the implementation of backyard nurseries is important to guarantee the recuperation of seedlings in depauperated populations aimed at sustainability. Our results are remarkable in the conservation of long-lived plants that depend on the persistence of adults, because the elimination of vegetation cover to establish crops or pasture, without the adult’s translocation, eliminates any possibility of regeneration, so the diffusion of this type of works helps the design of environmental education programs and management of natural resources.

Purpose Incision architecture can play an important role in corneal astigmatism management through peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. The aim of this study was to compare the incision architecture of single-plane opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCIs) and main surgical incisions (MSIs) in patients undergoing implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional tomographic analysis of MSI and OCCI architectures was performed 6 months after ICL surgery. Image acquisition was performed using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography.Results A total of 31 OCCIs and 24 MSIs were evaluated. The mean incision angle was 42.83 ± 5.69 degrees for MSIs and 48.26 ± 6.07 degrees for OCCIs (p < 0.01), and the mean MSI and OCCI length was 1146.70 ± 150.48 µm and 976.68 ± 140.19 µm, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean increase in epithelium depth in the wound was 37.63 ± 11.91 µm in the MSI group and 47.64 ± 15.45 µm in the OCCI group (p = 0.02). Endothelial misalignment was observed in both types of incisions. However, the misalignment with MSI was greater than with OCCI, 106.67 ± 31.84 µm versus 83.75 ± 23.39 µm (p = 0.01), respectively.Conclusion Both types of incisions, OCCI and MSI, were shown to be safe with complete wound sealing and healing 6 months postoperatively. The MSIs performed in the temporal position were more angled and longer, with greater endothelial retraction and minor epithelial thickening in the wound area compared with astigmatic incisions without manipulation.

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RESUMENEste trabajo presenta un análisis de la desigualdad regional en Castilla en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, a partir del estudio del consumo per cápita provincial calculado con las recaudaciones de dos rentas que supusieron los mayores ingresos fiscales del estado: alcabalas y cientos. La desigualdad regional presentó unos niveles reducidos y constantes durante la segunda mitad del siglo, analizando la productividad del trabajo, no encontrando elementos que alterasen significativamente la diferencia entre regiones. Asimismo, podemos señalar que se advierten las dificultades relacionadas con el sector agrario, con limitaciones a la producción y bajos rendimientos. Esas dificultades trataron de minimizarse con actuaciones reformistas que, no obstante, no tuvieron un claro impacto sobre la desigualdad, que permaneció homogénea.

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Purpose To evaluate the microbiota of culture negative Corneal Impression Membrane (CIM) microbial keratitis samples with the use of shotgun metagenomics analysis.Methods DNA of microbial keratitis samples were collected with CIM and extracted using the MasterPure™ Complete DNA and RNA Purification Kit (Epicentre). DNA was fragmented by sonication into fragments of 300 to 400 base pairs (bp) using Bioruptor® (Diagenode, Belgium) and then used as a template for library preparation. DNA libraries were sequenced on Illumina® HiSeq2500. The resulting reads were quality controlled, trimmed and mapped against the human reference genome. The unmapped reads were taxonomically classified using the Kraken software.Results 18 microbial keratitis samples were included in the study. Brevundimonas diminutawas found in 5 samples while 6 samples showed the presence of viral infections. Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella lacunataand Pseudomonas alcaligeneswere also identified as the presumed putative cause of the infection in 7 samples.Conclusions Shotgun sequencing can be used as a diagnostic tool in microbial keratitis samples. This diagnostic method expands the available tests to diagnose eye infections and could be clinically significant in culture negative samples.

•What is the primary question addressed by this study?What is the state of the science on maintenance psychotherapies for depression, anxiety or both for black, Asian, and Latinx adults 60 years of age and older?•What is the main finding of this study?We found that maintenance psychotherapies in the treatment of depression, anxiety, or both have been under researched; and blacks, Asians, and Latinx older adults vastly underrepresented in studies. Nonetheless, the small body of knowledge signals that maintenance psychotherapies may have a role in maintaining recovery from depression.•What is the meaning of the finding?Despite depression and anxiety commonly and chronically affecting many older adults, maintenance psychotherapies remain under researched, greatly limiting our understanding of how to maintain the healthy functioning of older adults following recovery from these disorders.

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Body shape and metabolic rate can be important determinants of animal performance, yet often their effects on influential traits are evaluated in a non-integrated way. This creates an important gap because the integration between shape and metabolism may be crucial to evaluate metabolic scaling theories. Here, we measured standard metabolic rate in 1- and 2-years old juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta, and used a geometric morphometrics approach to extricate the effects of ontogeny and size on the link between shape and metabolic scaling. We evidenced near-isometric ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate with size, but also a biphasic pattern driven by a significant change in metabolic scaling, from positive to negative allometry. Moreover, the change in metabolic allometry parallels an ontogenetic change from elongate to deep-bodied shapes. This is consistent with the dynamic energy budget (DEB) and surface area (SA) theories, but not with the resource transport network theory which predicts increasing allometric exponents for trends towards more robust, three-dimensional bodies. In addition, we found a relationship between body shape and size independent metabolic rate, with a positive correlation between robustness and metabolic rate, which fits well within the view of Pace-of-Life Syndromes (POLS). Finally, our results align with previous studies that question the universality of metabolic scaling exponents and propose other mechanistic models explaining the diversity of metabolic scaling relationships or emphasizing the potential contribution of ecological factors.

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe purpose of this systematic review was to study whether contrast sensitivity assessment in people with diabetes could be a reliable test in early detection of diabetic retinopathy. A systematic search based on population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategy was performed.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for English articles of human patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and contrast sensitivity measurements as domain studied.ResultsTwentyone comparative cross-sectional studies were included. All of them showed significant loss of contrast sensitivity in people with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy regarding control patients of the same age, regardless of the method used. However, those without diabetic retinopathy, involve a loss of contrast sensitivity, although not always significant.ConclusionChanges in contrast sensitivity suggest that there is damage to the retina prior to the vascular ones and that they could be detected by this test.

•FLIPI remains a prognostic index with higher discrimination for survival in patients with advanced FL treated with immunochemotherapy.•Research on FL should incorporate more precise molecular markers for both outcome prediction and optimal selection of treatment.

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AbstractPatent ductus arteriosus is the most common cardiac anomaly in our country. In the last few decades, there has been a lot of interest in developing less invasive techniques like video-assisted thoracoscopic clipping; nevertheless, this also has some complications. We present an 8-year-old female, which had been treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic clipping of patent ductus arteriosus. Five years later, she presented with a large aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus extending to the pulmonary trunk and a residual patent ductus arteriosus. A Cardia ASD occluder of 24 mm was placed in the aneurysm, and the residual ductus arteriosus was then closed with an Amplatzer Plug vascular II device of 10 mm, with a good outcome. The development of an aneurysm after video-assisted patent ductus arteriosus closure is apparently a non-reported complication; therefore, there are also no reports for its treatment. That is why we present this case as an option for its resolution.

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease with highly variable presentation, characteristics, and clinical course. Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of many viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. In addition, both de novo ITP and exacerbation of ITP after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop a prothrombotic coagulopathy called COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). In addition, autoimmune hematological disorders secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, mainly ITP and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), have been described. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with exacerbation of autoimmune processes, including ITP. In fact, there is evidence of a high relapse rate in patients with preexisting ITP and COVID-19. As for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, hematological adverse events (HAE) are practically anecdotal. The most common HAE is thrombocytopenia-associated thrombosis syndrome (TTS) linked to vectored virus vaccines. Other HAEs are very rare, but should be considered in patients with previous complement activation disease or autoimmunity. In patients with ITP who are vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, the main complication is exacerbation of ITP and the bleeding that may result. In fact, this complication occurs in 12% of patients, with splenectomized and refractory patients with more than five lines of previous treatment and platelet counts below 50 × 109/L being the most vulnerable. We conclude that, in general, there is no greater risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in ITP patients than in the general population. Furthermore, no changes are advised in patients with stable ITP, the use of immunosuppressants is discouraged unless there is no other therapeutic option, and patients with ITP are not contraindicated for vaccination against COVID-19.

This study analyzes the diversity and genetic structure of seven natural populations of Magnolia mexicana(Yoloxóchitl), an endangered and endemic species distributed in the Mexican Sierra Madre Oriental. The objective of the analysis is to generate basic information for the development of management and conservation programs for this species. The variation and genetic structure were estimated based on 12 SSR markers. The results indicate that the expected heterozygosity was 0.63±0.02 and the allelic richness was 1.21±0.05. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that variation between individuals explains 49 % of the total variation, and variation within individuals explains 36 %. The technical Neighbor joining and the ordination diagram of the canonical discriminant analysis show that the populations are made up of two genetic groups mostly. By contrast with the model Bayesian grouping (obtained with the STRUCTURE program) indicated the formation the six genetics groups. Recent bottleneck effects were observed in all localities, except in Duraznillo, El Cajón, and Zapotla. The relationship between genetic and geographic distances was not significant, which rules out a structure determined by isolation; the results suggest that the diversity and genetic structure of the species are affected by local factors such as habitat fragmentation, land use change, and excessive use of the flowers and fruits of M. mexicanaby the inhabitants. Therefore, it is a priority to implement management and conservation programs to guarantee their survival.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test non-inferiority of a lower dose of crosslinked hyaluronic acid (CLHA) to a higher dose of carmellose eye drop in menopause patients receiving antidepressant treatments.Methods: This prospective, double-blind, single-center study enrolled sixty female patients. Mean age was 63.25 ± 9.13 years. We examined patients with Schirmer I, breakup time (TBUT) and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) at the first visit. Tear A eyedrops were formulated with crosslinked hyaluronic acid, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. Control tear B was formulated with carmellose sodium. Posology was two and five times, respectively.Results: After 2 months of treatment, the tear A obtained 14.12 ± 7.47 score points for OSDI (t= 11.74, p< 0.01), and tear B obtained 19.46 ± 10.03 score points (t= 7.59, p< 0.01). The tear A obtained 13.77 ± 7.78 score points for Schirmer test (t= 0.88, p> 0.05), and tear B obtained 14.20 ± 8.62 score points (t= 2.92, p< 0.01). The tear A obtained 8.30 ± 2.08 s for TBUT (t= 15.50, p< 0.01), and tear B obtained 7.23 ± 2.40 s (t= 8.79, p< 0.01).Conclusion: Lower total daily dose of crosslinked hyaluronic acid eyedrops obtained similar efficacy results in terms of tear stability and subjective dry eye sensation than higher carmellose total daily dose. A lower total daily dose of crosslinked eyedrops was sufficient to achieve better dry eye disease management compared to carmellose.