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A natural low fruit set is reported in cranberry. It is hypothesised that a carbohydrate shortage limits fruit set, and thus yield potential. We aimed to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate availability induced by shade and saccharose spraying during reproductive stages of 'Stevens' cranberry to identify critical periods for yield and juice quality (soluble solids, acidity, and colour). Two independent experiments were conducted. On five separate dates, artificial shade (90% shade nets) was imposed for two weeks. On the same dates, 417 kg ha−1 of saccharose was sprayed as a 10% w/v solution. Results showed that shading from full bloom to the beginning of the fruit set reduced fruit number and juice colour. In contrast, 10% saccharose spray increased yield by 22% compared to the control without compromising juice quality. Therefore, the period between the end of full bloom and the beginning of fruit growth is the most critical stage for 'Stevens' cranberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small infants experience a myriad of stimuli while in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with many being painful or stressful experiences, although medically necessary. Purpose: To determine what is known about nonpharmacological developmental care interventions used in the NICU to mitigate procedural pain of infants born under 32 weeks gestation. Search/Strategy: Five electronic databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were as follows: experimental and nonexperimental studies from all publication years with infants born at less than 32 weeks gestational age; peer-reviewed research articles studying nonpharmacological interventions such as skin-to-skin care, facilitated tucking, nonnutritive sucking, hand hugs, and swaddling; and English language articles. Our search yielded 1435 articles. After the elimination of 736 duplicates, a further 570 were deemed irrelevant based on their abstract/titles. Then, 124 full-text articles were analyzed with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings: Twenty-seven studies were reviewed. Sucrose, facilitated tucking, pacifier, skin-to-skin care, and human milk appeared to lessen pain experienced during heel sticks, suctioning, nasogastric tube insertions, and echocardiograms. All nonpharmacological interventions failed to prove efficacious to adequately manage pain during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations. Implications for Practice: Evidence review demonstrates that healthcare practitioners should use nonpharmacological measures to help prevent pain from day-to-day procedures in the NICU including heel sticks, nasogastric tube insertions, suctioning, echocardiograms, and subcutaneous injections. Implications for Research: Future research is necessary to better understand and measure how pain is manifested by very small premature infants. Specific research on mitigating the pain of examinations for retinopathy of prematurity is also needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inulin, β-(2→1)-fructan, is a beneficial polysaccharide used as a functional food ingredient. Microbial inulosucrases (ISs), catalyzing β-(2→1)-transfructosylation, produce β-(2→1)-fructan from sucrose. In this study, we identified a new IS (NdIS) from the soil isolate, Neobacillus drentensis 57N. Sequence analysis revealed that, like other Bacillaceae ISs, NdIS consists of a glycoside hydrolase family 68 domain and shares most of the 1-kestose-binding residues of the archaeal IS, InuHj. Native and recombinant NdIS were characterized. NdIS is a homotetramer. It does not require calcium for activity. High performance liquid chromatography and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that NdIS catalyzed the hydrolysis and β-(2→1)-transfructosylation of sucrose to synthesize β-(2→1)-fructan with chain lengths of 42 or more residues. The rate dependence on sucrose concentration followed hydrolysis–transglycosylation kinetics, and a 50% transglycosylation ratio was obtained at 344 mm sucrose. These results suggest that transfructosylation from sucrose to β-(2→1)-fructan occurs predominantly to elongate the fructan chain because sucrose is an unfavorable acceptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YcjT is a kojibiose phosphorylase found in Escherichia coli. We found that sucrose was a good acceptor of YcjT in reverse phosphorolysis using β-d-glucose 1-phosphate as a donor. The product was identified as β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-d-glucopyranoside. This sugar was also synthesized from sucrose and maltose using YcjT and maltose phosphorylase and promoted the growth of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trisaccharide 1-kestose, a major constituent of fructooligosaccharide, has strong prebiotic effects. We used high-performance liquid chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that BiBftA, a β-fructosyltransferase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 68, from Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica catalyzes transfructosylation of sucrose to produce mostly 1-kestose and levan polysaccharides. We substituted His395 and Phe473 in BiBftA with Arg and Tyr, respectively, and analyzed the reactions of the mutant enzymes with 180 g/L sucrose. The ratio of the molar concentrations of glucose and 1-kestose in the reaction mixture with wild-type BiBftA was 100:8.1, whereas that in the reaction mixture with the variant H395R/F473Y was 100:45.5, indicating that H395R/F473Y predominantly accumulated 1-kestose from sucrose. The X-ray crystal structure of H395R/F473Y suggests that its catalytic pocket is unfavorable for binding of sucrose while favorable for transfructosylation. BiBftA catalyzed transfructosylation of sucrose to produce 1-kestose, and H395R/F473Y variant predominantly accumulated 1-kestose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional behavior and some immunological criteria (encapsulation index and phenoloxidase - PO activity, the key enzyme for melanization) as well as to study the effect of protein to fat (P: F) diets on hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) protein content. Bees were restricted to consuming specific P: F diets varying in fat ratio under laboratory conditions. These diets included 25: 1, 10: 1, 5: 1 (low-fat diet, LFD); 1: 1 (equal-fat diet); 1: 5, 1: 10 (high-fat diet, HFD), and 1: 0 (zero-fat diet) as a control. Bees preferred low-fat diets over high-fat diets, where it was 11.27 ± 0.68 µl · day-1 bee in 10: 1 P: F, while it was 4.99 ± 0.67 µl · day-1 bee in 1: 10 P: F. However, sucrose consumption was higher in high-fat diets where it was 25.83 ± 1.69 µl · day-1 bee in 10: 1 P: F, while it was 30.66 ± 0.9 µl· day-1 bee in 1: 10 P: F. The encapsulation index and phenoloxidase activity of bees were positively linked with the fat level they consumed during all 10 days. The maximum percentage of encapsulation index was 74.6 ± 7.2% in bees fed a high-fat diet, whereas the minimum percentage was 16.5 ± 3.6% in bees which consumed a lowfat diet. Similarly, phenoloxidase activity increased in the haemolymph with increasing fat consumed by bees (0.001 ± 0.0001 and 0.005 ± 0.0003 mM · min-1 · mg-1 at 25: 1 and 1: 10 P: F, respectively). The protein content of hypopharyngeal glands in bees which consumed HFD was double that of LFD. Overall results suggest a connection between a fat diet and bee health, indicating that colony losses in some cases can be reduced by providing a certain level of fat supplemental feeding along with sucrose and protein nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the response mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer to starch synthesis in wheat grains under high temperature stress after anthesis and to clarify the physiological mechanism and reasonable operation measures of nitrogen fertilizer to alleviate the damage of high temperature stress. The experiment was carried out in Jinan and Jiyang experimental station of Shandong Province on different nitrogen application rates (N1: 180 kg hm-2, N2: 240 kg hm-2, and N3: 300 kg hm-2), with heat resistant wheat variety JM44 and heat sensitive variety XM26 from 2018 to 2020, using an artificial greenhouse to warm up the air temperature for 7 days after anthesis as high temperature stress (H) and the field as control (CK). Grain filling rates, grain weight, sucrose, starch synthesis and related enzyme activities were analyzed. The results showed that the grain filling period was shortened, the maximum grain filling rate, amylopectin content, total starch contents, and the ratio of amylopectin to amylase were significantly reduced compared with the control caused by high temperature stress after anthesis. Compared with 180 kg hm-2 and 300 kg hm-2 treatments, the sucrose accumulation in flag leaves were found highest in 240 kg hm-2 treatment under high temperature stress. The contents of amylase, amylopectin, total starch, grain weight, the highest activity of sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SS-I), soluble starch synthase (SSS), and starch branching enzyme (SBE) in grains were also the highest in 240 kg hm-2 treatment under high temperature stress. The results also showed that under high temperature stress with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg hm-2 the activity of sucrose synthase synthetic direction (SS-II), and the activity of sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SS-I), the soluble starch synthase (SSS), and the starch branching enzyme (SBE) of grains in JM44 were higher than those in XM26, resulting in more sucrose content in flag leaves, higher grain weight, and more starch content of grains in JM44. The study showed that to reduce the inhibition on starch synthesis, the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg hm-2 could maintain higher level of sucrose synthesis in flag leaves and sucrose decomposition capacity in grains after high temperature stress. These results indicate that the suitable nitrogen application and selection resistance cultivars were a coping measure to increase the starch content and alleviating the harmful effects of high temperature stress after anthesis in winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence for analgesic effects of parent-led pain management strategies during painful procedures in newborn infants exists; however, such strategies are inconsistently used in practice. A publicly available parent-targeted video demonstrates breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care, and sucrose during painful procedures. Australian parents' use and knowledge of this video and these strategies was unknown. Purpose: To determine parents' use of pain management strategies, and perceived acceptability and usefulness of the parent-targeted video. Methods: A cross-sectional, online, anonymous survey with embedded video. Participants were recruited via social media channels of the Miracle Babies Foundation, an Australian parent support network. Target participants were parents or family members of infants currently or previously hospitalized in neonatal special and/or intensive care nurseries, or high dependency units. Results: A total of 162 of 189 respondents provided sufficient data for analysis; all identified as mothers. Only 6 (4%) had previously seen the video; however, nearly all rated it as potentially useful and helpful (n = 124, 82%). Although most reported that sucrose had been used (n = 112, 84%), fewer reported having used skin-to-skin care (n = 50, 37%), or breastfeeding (n = 33, 25%). Most intended to advocate for skin-to-skin care (n = 108, 88%) or breastfeeding (n = 100, 81%) in future procedures. Perceived barriers to utilizing strategies included lack of information-sharing and organizational practices that excluded parent involvement. Implications for Practice and Research: The video may be valuable in supporting mothers to advocate for their involvement during painful procedures in preterm and sick hospitalized infants. Further research is recommended to explore coordinated strategies targeting parents and healthcare professionals to overcome barriers to implementing parent-led infant pain management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inconsistent pain management practices can have negative physiologic and neurodevelopmental consequences in the neonate. Low rates of oral sucrose use with comfort measures for pain management during minor painful procedures were identified at a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Underutilization of pain management resources occurs despite the availability of evidence-based pain management interventions. Purpose: To improve consistency in the use of oral sucrose solution with comfort measures during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion attempts in the neonatal intensive care unit in patients greater than or equal to 32 0/7th weeks postmenstrual age. Methods: Quality improvement methods were used to implement an evidence-based procedural pain algorithm for minor painful procedures and optimize pain management processes over a 15-week period in a 26-bed, level III neonatal intensive care unit. Results: There was an increase in the average percentage of documented use of sucrose with comfort measures during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion attempts from 20% to 27%. There was a 41% increase in the average presence of a sucrose order indicated for procedural pain. There were improvements in staff knowledge of sucrose dosing and perceived behavior of staff after completing the education. Implications for Practice and Research: Procedural pain management should be used as a quality indicator and guidelines should be established with the support of key stakeholders in neonatal intensive care settings. Future projects should address barriers related to workflow and accessibility of sucrose, include other common needlestick procedures, and expand the role of parent participation in pain management practices. Video Abstract available at: https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/pages/video.aspx?v=60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the influence of nicotine on the extracellular polysaccharides in Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm. Methods: F. nucleatum (ATCC 10953) biofilms supplemented with different concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL) were grown in two different BHI broth conditions [no sucrose and 1% sucrose]. Extracellular polysaccharides assay, pH measurements, and a spectrophotometric assay were performed. Data were submitted for ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference analyses (HSD) tests (α =.05). Results: Extracellular polysaccharides synthesis was influenced by an interaction between nicotine concentrations and growth medium solution containing sucrose (P<.05). The pH values declined in the sucrose-exposed biofilm were greater than in the group exposed only to nicotine (P<.05). The biofilm exposed to sucrose and nicotine had a higher total biofilm growth (P<.05) than the nicotine-treated biofilm without sucrose. Conclusions: Regardless of sucrose exposure, biofilms exposed to different nicotine concentrations influenced the amount of extracellular polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of biostimulants and cultivar selection play an important role in modern potato farming because they influence tuber yield and quality. The nutritional value and processing suitability of potato tubers are affected by their content of total protein, reducing sugars and sucrose. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content of total protein, glucose, fructose and sucrose in potato tubers (skin, flesh and whole tubers with skin), at harvest and after 5 months of storage. The experimental materials included tubers of five edible potato cultivars: Irga, Satina, Valfi, Blaue St. Galler and HB Red. During the growing season, potato plants were treated with the following biostimulants: Asahi SL, Bio-Algeen S-90, Kelpak SL and Trifender WP. Control plants were not treated with biostimulants. The total protein content of tubers was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Simple sugars and sucrose were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At harvest, total protein concentration was significantly higher in purple-and red-fleshed cultivars than in cream- and yellow-fleshed cultivars. An analysis of tuber parts revealed that flesh had the highest protein content. The total protein content of tubers increased during storage. Biostimulants had no significant effect on total protein concentration in tubers at harvest or after storage. The content of simple sugars and sucrose was higher in the skin, flesh and whole tubers of purple- and red-fleshed cultivars, than in cream- and yellow-fleshed cultivars. Potato tubers with colored flesh accumulated the highest amounts of total sugars. Biostimulants, in particular Bio-Algeen S-90 and Kelpak SL, contributed to the accumulation of monosaccharides and the disaccharide in potato tubers, and, in consequence, total sugars. Their concentrations in potato tubers increased during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Phase diagrams and tie-lines of glucose/sucrose-based ABSs were determined. • The partitioning coefficient of GA and its constituent amino acids in ABS feeds were obtained. • Physicochemical and structural effects of α-amino acids on partitioning were investigated. • The hydrodynamic size of GA in water and carbohydrate-rich phase was investigated. • Stability and decomposition of GA after phase separation in the bottom phase were examined. The research focused on exploring the potential of aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) containing glucose and sucrose for purifying glatiramer acetate (GA), a synthetic amino acid copolymer used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The goal was to investigate the separation of GA from impurities, with the aim of potentially using ABSs as a pretreatment step before the costly chromatography process. The phase diagrams were determined using the cloud point titration method. Tie-lines and partition coefficients of amino acids and GA were calculated in various feed compositions. The selectivity of GA towards hypothetical impurities was also calculated. In addition, DLS and FTIR analyses were conducted to assess the agglomeration tendency of GA and the functional groups present in the phases, respectively. Partitioning coefficient of 0.14 for both ABSs was determined for feed containing 12 % of carbohydrate. However, with increasing the carbohydrate in feed, sucrose-based systems was favorable. The optimal feed was found to be (sucrose 18 wt.% + acetonitrile 50 wt.%) with a partitioning coefficient of 0.06. No notable size change was observed. The presence of functional groups of GA in bottom phase proved its partitioning behavior. In conclusion, the ABSs can integrated as a pretreatment unit for GA production. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the impact of varying sucrose concentrations (12%, 6%, and 0%) on the sensory qualities and storage stability of processed cheese. Our findings reveal that sucrose is crucial for enhancing color depth, modulating flavor, and improving texture. Specifically, higher sucrose levels impart a caramel color, increase sweetness, and maintain a harmonious balance between salty and sour tastes, thereby mitigating the intensification of unwanted flavors (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sucrose acts as a structural element that bolsters viscoelastic properties and prolongs storage stability; increased sucrose content slows flavor degradation and preserves textural consistency over time. While reductions in sucrose do not significantly compromise the texture of fresh samples (P > 0.05), they necessitate adjustments in flavor profiles. This research highlights the essential role of sucrose in processed cheese and sets the stage for further studies on sugar reduction strategies and the potential use of alternative fillers, marking a significant step forward in the development of processed cheese products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous attempts to limit fat intake failed to reduce metabolic syndrome incidence, spotlighting excessive sucrose consumption phenomenon. Recent studies challenge the traditional belief, actually fructose is predominantly metabolized in the small intestine, not just the liver. Evidence supports sucrose overconsumption leads to hepatic lipid accumulation via gut microbiome modulation, but the mechanisms and prevention strategies remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of osmolytes inositol and taurine, which are abundant in citrus fruits and seafood respectively, on lipid metabolism in rats consuming excessive sucrose. Five-week-old male Wistar rats fed with control diet, high sucrose diet, and high sucrose diet with inositol or taurine for 28 days. High sucrose diet-induced accumulation of hepatic triglyceride level was reduced only by inositol. Both inositol and taurine decreased hepatic SREBP1, ChREBP, lipogenesis enzymes mRNA levels increased by a high sucrose diet. Taurine also significantly increased the fatty acid uptake major player CD36 mRNA levels in liver. Expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and transport remained unchanged. In cecal microbiome, high sucrose diet groups showed a decrease in alpha diversity and diverged in beta diversity from the starch diet group, while inositol and taurine did not significantly affect these aspects. Ten bacterial features including genera such as Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , Odoribacter , Streptococcus , etc., were filtered out related to the ameliorative effects of inositol and taurine on lipid metabolism. Overall, both inositol and taurine modulated hepatic lipogenesis and microbiome. However, due to taurine's enhancement of fatty acid uptake, only inositol improved steatosis in high sucrose diet rats. [Display omitted] • Inositol exhibited inhibitory effects on hepatic triglyceride accumulation induced by a high sucrose diet. • Inositol and taurine inhibited hepatic fatty acid synthesis (SREBP1 and ChREBP), and taurine also facilitated the hepatic fatty acid uptake (CD36) in high sucrose diet-fed rats. • Ten specific bacterial features including genera such as Bacteroides , Parabacteroides , Odoribacter , Streptococcus , etc., were filtered out related to the ameliorative effects of inositol and taurine on lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four different molasses were tested as alternative carbon sources. • Corn steep liquor (CSL) was tested as an alternative nitrogen sources. • Molasses and CSL serves as a cost-effective medium for ABE fermentation. • Hydrolyzed black soldier fly larval meals were feasible for ABE fermentation. Biobutanol, produced through acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, has been proposed for use as a transportation fuel and for the development of butanol-based materials. However, the economic viability of ABE fermentation is heavily dependent on the cost of raw materials. This study assesses various carbon and nitrogen sources for ABE fermentation. Carbon sources examined include local molasses (M1), Thai molasses (M2), Taiwan sugar agricultural molasses (M3), and Taiwan sugar edible molasses (M4). Nitrogen sources considered are corn steep liquor (CSL), acid-hydrolyzed black soldier fly larval meal (IA), and enzyme-hydrolyzed black soldier fly larval meal (IE). Our findings reveal that M2CSL, a combination of Thai molasses and corn steep liquor, serves as a cost-effective and efficient medium for ABE fermentation, resulting in a butanol concentration of 7.4 ± 3.5 g/L. Furthermore, our research identifies variations in molasses and their impact on sucrose consumption inhibition. Notably, this study underscores the potential of insect peptone derived from enzyme-hydrolyzed black soldier fly larval meal (IE) as an alternative nitrogen source, while cautioning against the use of insect peptone obtained from acid-hydrolyzed black soldier fly larval meal (IA) due to its inhibitory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey adulteration is common in the food industry as it provides a cheaper alternative for the user to consume honey. However, it has been abused by industry runners with unsavory practices. As a result, it leads to business fraudulency. Pure honey is very precious due to its powerful health-giving properties. It raises the attention of beekeepers, wholesalers, food manufacturers, retailers, and consumers because this issue has been sensationally reported in mass media. Enforcement of the law is initiated to mitigate the abuse and fraudulency. It also motivates scientists, technologists, and engineers to strive for an effective solution. The microwave sensing method is well known in agricultural products and food. Hence, dielectric and reflection responses are explored to study the potential of the development of an instrumentation system for gauging edible honey. In this work, the dielectric and reflection measurement was conducted using Agilent E8362B PNA Network Analyzer in conjunction with Agilent 85070E Performance Probe from 0.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. Dielectric and reflection measurements were conducted to investigate dielectric behavior and mismatch impedance due to water and sucrose content in honey. It can be noticed that the dielectric constant, ε', decreases as frequency increases. In the meantime, ε' decreases with the decrement of water and the increment of sucrose content for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. Meanwhile, for water adulterated Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, the loss factor, ε" decreases when frequencies increase. In addition, ε" decreases when the water content is < 36% and < 43% for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey, respectively. It can be found that at 1 GHz to 4 GHz, ε" increases when sucrose content increases which is applicable for Honey Gold and Trigona Honey. In reflection measurement, the magnitude of reflection coefficient, |Γ| decreases when frequency increases for all percentage of water and sucrose content for both kinds of honey. Withal, phase, -φ increases as frequency increases for water adulterated honey. -φ varies insignificantly when sucrose content increases for sucrose adulterated honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazzein has excellent potential for use as a sweetener because of its high level of sweetening potency and stability against extreme temperature and pH. It is extracted from the tropical and difficult--to-cultivate African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana, which hampers its commercial viability. Here we report the mammary-specific expression of wildtype or triple mutational (H31R/E36D/E41A) des-pGlu brazzeins in the milk of transgenic mice. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), western blot, and sweetness intensity testing, we confirmed that the triple mutation made the des-pGlu brazzein molecule 10,000 times sweeter than sucrose in a weight base, even after 10 min of incubation at 100 °C; in addition, the triple mutant was also significantly sweeter than the wildtype des-pGlu brazzein. This study provides new insights for producing brazzein or brazzeinsweetened milk from animals for use in food and healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach is an important fruit tree worldwide. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) have been extensively studied in relation to plant growth, development, and stress responses. In this study, we cloned a putative SUT, PpSUT2, from the peach cultivar 'New Kawanakajima.' Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the protein had functional domains typical of the GPH_sucrose family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity between PpSUT2 and SUTs from other plant species. The qRT-PCR suggested that PpSUT2 was expressed concurrently in the petals, sepals, pistils, stamen, phloem, and leaves. Different trends and different relative expression levels were observed during the flowering and fruit development periods. Western blot analysis produced similar results. The heterologous expression of SUTs in the defective yeast SUSY7/ura3 showed that PpSUT2 had a complementary function on SD sucrose medium. This indicated that it had sucrose transport activity and might be a signal protein. Then, 11PpSUT2 transgenic tobacco plants were obtained.After exposure to low temperature and drought stress conditions, the transgenic overexpression plants exhibited increased proline and soluble sugar content, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced relative conductivity, and less membrane injury. These results suggest that the overexpression of PpSUT2 in tobacco promoted greater resistance to cold and drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic element, often makes a serious threat to plant growth and development. Previous studies found that melatonin (Mel) reduced Cd accumulation and reestablished the redox balance to alleviate Cd stress in Medicago sativa L., however, the complex molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis and biochemical experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of Mel in enhancing Cd tolerance. Results showed that 7237 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were regulated by Mel pretreatment to Cd stress compared to the control condition in roots of Medicago sativa L. Besides, in comparison with Cd stress alone, Mel upregulated 1081 DEGs, and downregulated 1085 DEGs. These DEGs were mainly involved in the transcription and translation of genes and folding, sorting and degradation of proteins, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormone signal network. Application of Mel regulated the expression of several genes encoding ribosomal protein and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in folding, sorting and degradation of proteins. Moreover, transcriptomic analyse suggested that Mel might regulate the expression of genes encoding pectin lyase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, sucrose-phosphate synthase, hexokinase-1, and protein phosphorylation in the sugar metabolism. Therefore, these could promote sucrose accumulation and subsequently alleviate the Cd damage. In conclusion, above findings provided the mining of important genes and molecular basis of Mel in mitigating Cd tolerance and genetic cultivation of Medicago sativa L. [Display omitted] • A total of 2166 different expressed genes were simultaneously up- or down-regulated. • Melatonin regulated the expression of genes encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. • Sucrose mechanism was involved in melatonin-mediated Cd tolerance. • Hormone signalings were regulated by melatonin under Cd stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) exhibits promising application in the biomedical sector due to its distinctive physico-chemical attributes. However, the current challenges of high expenses and low productivity associated with existing techniques for BNC production necessitate attention. Consequently, this investigation utilized marine bacteria from the Pichavaram mangrove forest for the production of BNC. Among the various marine bacterial isolates, NCB8 demonstrated a notable capacity for BNC production and was identified through 16S rRNA sequencing as belonging to the Bacillus sp. The study systematically examined the impact of carbon source, incubation temperature, and pH on BNC production, resulting in an optimal yield of approximately 9.32 g/L when sucrose was employed as the carbon source at pH 5 and an incubation temperature of 35 °C. Additionally, the strain underwent kinetic analysis using first-order reaction kinetics for BNC production rate, sugar uptake rate, and BNC conversion yield, revealing values of 0.58 g/L/day, 0.10 g/L/day, and 5.45 g/g, respectively, with an R2 value of 0.94. Characterization of the produced BNC involved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic cellulose structure peaks, while FE-SEM displayed a uniform arrangement of thin, thread-like cellulose nanofibrils that were densely packed and randomly oriented. XRD analysis identified characteristic peaks at 2ϴ values of 14.2, 16.9, and 21.6, corresponding to crystalline planes of cellulose lattice (1‾10), (110), and (200). In conclusion, the marine bacteria Bacillus sp. emerges as an excellent source for efficient BNC synthesis for possible applications including bio-packaging, wound dressing material and drug delivery system. • Marine bacteria Bacillus sp. was identified as potential bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) producer. • The optimised parameters viz., sucrose as the carbon source, at pH 5 and an incubation temperature of 35 °C result in 9.32 g/L of BNC. • The BNC production rate, sugar uptake rate, and BNC conversion yield, revealing values of 0.58 g/L/day, 0.10 g/L/day, and 5.45 g/g respectively. • The characterisation studies indicate BNC are cellulose-I, crystalline and thread-like structure. • This is the first report on the production of BNC from marine bacteria from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tegillarca granosa can survive intermittent hypoxia for a long-term. We used the clam T. granosa as model to investigate the respiratory, antioxidant and metabolic responses to consecutive hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress at both physiological and transcriptional levels. The results showed that the clams were able to rapidly regulate oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion during H/R stress, and alleviate oxidative stress during the second-time challenge. The clams also efficiently balanced energy metabolism through the rapid conversion and decomposition of glycogen. According to the transcriptome profile, KEGG pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were significantly enriched in H group (the second-time 24 h hypoxia exposure), while pathways associated with lipid metabolism were significantly enriched in h group (the first-time 24 h hypoxia exposure). DEGs including hspa5 , birc2 / 3 , and map3k5 might play important roles in alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress, cpla2 and pla2g16 might mitigate oxidative stress by adjusting the composition of cellular membrane. In conclusions, our findings suggest that rapid adjustment of oxygen consumption, ammonia metabolism, glycogen metabolism, and the ability to adjust the composition of the membrane lipid may be critical for T. granosa in maintaining energy homeostasis and reducing oxidative damage during intermittent H/R exposure. This study preliminarily clarified the response of T. granosa to intermittent hypoxia stress on the physiological and molecular levels, offering insights into the hypoxia-tolerant mechanisms in this species and providing a reference for the following study on the other hypoxic-tolerant species. [Display omitted] • Tegillarca granosa rapidly adjusts glycometabolism to adapt to intermittent hypoxia. • ECM-receptor interaction mediates the transmission of hypoxia signaling. • CPLA2 might be crucial in alleviating oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study involves the preparation of surface-active and templated biocarbon from Pluronic F-127 doped sucrose (DSC) through furnace-based pyrolysis at 550 °C while its tungsten oxide-based composites (DSC/WO 3) were prepared via hydrothermal reactions. These novel DSC/WO 3 materials were tested for their potential applications in competitive uranium recovery through capacitive deionization. To improve the hydrophilicity, chelation, and pseudocapacitance of DSC, definite concentrations of phytic acid and chitosan were incorporated to surround the core part of DSC/WO 3. Later, these core-shell based DSC/WO 3 composites were electrodeposited with different mole fractions of polypyrrole (0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M) to improve the specific capacitance (C sp), EDL thickness, and electrode conductivity through extended conjugation of the π-electronic cloud. The CV, PSP, and GCD studies concluded the supercapacitor-type behavior of DSC/WO 3 with improved cyclic stability without undergoing Faradic processes at various current densities. The prepared composites were characterized through SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, and BET to elucidate their structural properties. The DSC/WO 3 -2 exhibited an appreciable surface area (32.5 m2/g), pore volume (0.26 cm3/g), and average pore size (26.41 nm). The DSC/WO 3 -3 composite (electrodeposited with 0.3 M PPy) exhibited better C sp (133.84 F/g) but lower sorption capacity (245.93 mg/g) than DSC/WO 3 -2 (298.09 mg/g) at optimized voltage (-1.2 V) and pH (4.5). This evidenced that excessive electrodeposition of PPy not only decreased the active surface area but also blocked the DSC mesopores and retarded the UO 2 2+ diffusivity. The experimental data depicts that the DSC/WO 3 -2 composite could be an excellent supercapacitor electrode material for uranium removal. [Display omitted] • Pluronic F-127 and heteroatom-doped sucrose-derived biocarbon (DSC) was prepared. • Core-shell based pseudocapacitive materials based on DSC, phytic acid and WO 3 was achieved. • Electrodeposition of polypyrrole was carried out to decrease the electrode resistance. • A significant electrosorption of UO 2 2+ ions at pH 4.5 was achieved. • The DSC/WO 3 composite exhibited admirable sorption capacity of 298.09 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unravelling the relationships between microbial community stability and function under environmental stress is critical to understanding microbial ecology but remains understudied in fermentation ecosystems. In this study, the relationship between lactic acid and microbial community was revealed during Jiang-flavour Baijiu fermentation using high-throughput sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics. Lactic acid was reduced by mono- and co-inoculation of lactic acid-degrading strains, Pichia kudriavzevii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Furthermore, reduced lactic acid strengthened microbial community stability, mainly characterized by higher network modularity and more positive interactions of species. Lactic acid had a significantly negative relation with network modularity (P = 0.03, Pearson's r = − 0.97). Moreover, the increase in network stability contributed to stronger community function, as indicated by the increase in ethanol, total esters, and total alcohols. Finally, metabolic function analysis showed that amino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, the TCA cycle, nucleotide sugar metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism were the main pathways resulting in changes in microbial community stability and function. This study indicated that microbial community stability and function can be enhanced by the regulation of environmental factors and provided a possible strategy for the steady-state regulation of the microbial community in Baijiu fermentation. • Inoculation with P. kudriavzevii and Z. bailii reduced lactic acid during Baijiu fermentation. • Reduced lactic acid increased microbial community stability. • Microbial community stability was strongly linked to community function. • Possible metabolic mechanism related to the change of microbial community stability and function was illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-pot method is reported for the synthesis of ferric oxide-gluconic acid/β-cyclodextrin (Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD). The proposed approach is a green one as the raw material is a natural product (sucrose) and no organic solvent is involved. Meanwhile, this novel composite was demonstrated for catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP), a prototype toxic with high toxicity and low degradability. This is realized by H 2 O 2 activation induced by the heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis of the as-prepared Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD nano-microspheres. The results showed that the reaction rate constants of PNP degradation catalyzed by Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD and Fe 3 O 4 -GA were 0.0879 and 0.0514 min−1, respectively, suggesting improved catalytic performance of Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD compared with Fe 3 O 4 -GA. This can be attributed to the cavity of β-CD, which can capture and include PNP molecules. The effects of pH value, H 2 O 2 concentration, catalyst load and hydroxyl radical quenching on the Fenton-like catalysis were explored and the optimized conditions (pH value = 2.0, H 2 O 2 concentration = 50 mM, and catalyst load = 1.0 g/L) were determined. Additionally, Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD exhibited excellent reusability (catalytic degradation rate = 95.1% after five recycling times) as it can be recycled under external magnetic field owing to its good magnetic response (up to 18.41 emu/g). [Display omitted] • A novel two-pot method for green synthesis of ferric oxide-gluconic acid/β-cyclodextrin (Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD) is reported. • Fe 3 O 4 -GA@β-CD exhibits enhanced Fenton-like catalytic performance owing to enrichment by the cavity of β-CD, which can capture and include PNP molecules. • The influences of the pH value, the H 2 O 2 concentration, and the catalyst load on the reaction rate constant of degradation of PNP were investigated and their optimized values were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sucrose plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the sucrose metabolism of plants. To date, the genome-wide identification, characterisation, and expression profile analysis of SPS gene families have been reported in many species but not in pineapple (Ananas comosus). In this study, five SPS genes (AcSPS1–5), which contained sucrose synthase, glucosyltransferase, and SPP-like conserved domains, were identified. The phylogenetic tree indicated that these AcSPS genes were divided into three clades, i.e. A, B, and C. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of AcSPS gene families were first examined in pineapple. Among all tissues, AcSPS2 had the highest expression in flesh. Meanwhile, AcSPS2 expression was significantly upregulated during fruit development. Furthermore, AcSPS2 expression, SPS activity, and sucrose content consistently increased with fruit development. These results may indicate that AcSPS2 played a major role in sucrose metabolism during fruit development. AcSPS5 was strongly expressed in the peduncle, pericarp, and core. On the basis of its abundant expression, AcSPS5 was speculated to play an important role in plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of sweeteners (sucrose, D-psicose, sorbitol, xylitol) and process conditions (baking temperature, time) on the quality related properties of biscuits were investigated. The findings revealed that the volume and baking loss increased and the spread ratio was decreased in general with the increase in processing temperature and time. Among the biscuits, the higher volume and lower spread ratio and weight loss were observed for the samples prepared with D-psicose. Moreover, they were darker, redder and less yellow. The total phenolic matter and HMF contents and antioxidant activity of the samples significantly increased as the production temperature and time increasing (p < 0.05). HMF formation was a key factor limiting the process conditions in biscuit manufacturing. Therefore, it could be proposed that the temperature-time parameters applied to the biscuits containing natural sweeteners should not exceed 12 min for 200 °C and 9 min for 230 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High sucrose intakes are hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by several mechanisms, and sucrose intakes have been consistently positively associated with CRC risk in case-control studies. However, all but one prospective study reported a null sucrose-CRC association. The only prospective study to report a positive association was the Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS) of 35,221 cancer-free Iowa women, aged 55(69 years old at baseline in 1986, after four years of follow up. Materials and methods: To address the discrepant findings in the literature, after 26 years of follow up in the IWHS, we updated and expanded on our earlier reported analyses. During follow up through 2012, 1,731 women were diagnosed with CRC. Baseline dietary intakes were assessed with a Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For those in the highest relative to the lowest intake quintiles, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CRC were 1.04 (0.87-1.23; Ptrend ¼ 0.59) for sucrose, 1.00 (0.82-1.21; Ptrend ¼ 0.67) for sucrosecontaining foods, and 1.01, (0.83-1.22; Ptrend ¼ 0.56) for nondairy sucrose-containing foods, respectively. These findings did not differ substantially by colorectal site or according to categories of selected participant characteristics. Conclusions: Our findings do not support that intakes of sucrose or sucrose-containing foods are substantially associated with CRC risk among older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some stress response-related genes have been identified in Ustilaginoidea virens , but it is not clear whether and how defects of stress responses affect the pathogenesis processes of U. virens. In this study, we identified a general stress response factor UvWHI2 as a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Whi2 in U. virens. The relative expression level of UvWhi2 was significantly up-regulated during infection, suggesting that UvWHI2 may be involved in pathogenesis. Furthermore, knockout of UvWhi2 showed decreased mycelial growth, increased conidiation in the potato sucrose medium and a defect in pathogenicity. In addition, the RNA-Seq and phenotypic analysis showed that UvWHI2 was involved in response to oxidative, hyperosmotic, cell wall stress and nutrient limitation. Further studies revealed that the defects of stress responses of the Δ Uvwhi2 mutant affected the formation of secondary spores on the nutrient limited surface and the rice surface, resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenicity of U. virens. Our results suggest that UvWHI2 is necessary for fungal growth, stress responses and the formation of secondary spores in U. virens. In addition, the defects of stress responses can affect the formation of secondary spores on the rice surface, and then compromise the pathogenicity of U. virens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to determine the in vitro activity of Leuconostoc mesenteroides var. mesenteroides isolated from sugar-industry effluents to produce a dextran bioflocculant from sucrose as a low-cost substrate. L. mesenteroides strains present in residual cane juice from a sugar factory were isolated and biochemically identified using Mayeux, Sandine, and Elliker agar (MSE) as a selective medium. The strain number 3 (LM03) was biochemically identified as L. mesenteroides var. mesenteroides, which was used for this study. The concentration of dextran was quantified by dry weight, the morphology and purity were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Flocculation was evaluated via turbidimetric assays in different pH ranges from sugar-industry effluents and doses of dextran. To evaluate the flocculant activity according to the effect of pH, a jar test kit from Phipps and Bird, USA, was used with the sample recollected from the effluent (sugar industry). The pH of the samples was adjusted to 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, with a dose of 40 ppm (dextran dose) at a fast and slow speed of 150 and 50 rpm, respectively. To evaluate the influence of the dose of dextran, values of 5, 20 and 40 ppm were used with fast speeds of 180-150 rpm and slow speeds of 30-50 rpm, respectively. The strain (LM03) was able to produce the highest concentration of dextran (26.87 g/L) in 76 h of incubation. The presence of dextran was identified in the MSE agar after incubation and characterized by FTIR, SEM, and EDS. Besides that, we observed that the best flocculation activity was observed at a pH of 9 and a concentration of 40 ppm of dextran, with a fast agitation speed of 150 rpm for 5 min and a slow agitation speed of 50 rpm for 15 min, achieving 77.7% removal of turbidity from the sugar factory effluent. L. mesenteroides was responsible for the bioflocculation of dextran in different sugar-industry effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent disease resulting from an interplay of genomic component and the exposome. Parental diet has been shown to affect offspring metabolic health via multiple epigenetic mechanisms. Excess carbohydrate intake is one of the driving forces of the obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of maternal carbohydrate (fructose, sucrose, glucose) overnutrition on the modulation of metabolic syndrome components in the offspring. Despite substantial discrepancies in experimental design, common effects of maternal carbohydrate overnutrition include increased body weight and hepatic lipid content of the "programmed" offspring. However, the administration of sucrose to several rat models leads to apparently favorable metabolic outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence for the role of genomic background in modulating the metabolic programming effect in the form of nutriepigenomic interaction. Comprehensive, robust studies are needed to resolve the temporal, sex-specific, genetic, epigenetic and nutritional aspects of parental overnutrition in the intergenerational and transgenerational pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, sour cherry nectar and apple juice were concentrated using thermal concentration (75, 80, and 85 °C), and intermittent microwave concentration (180, 300, and 450 W) under vacuum condition (at 250 mbar). Thirteen different mathematical models were used to describe the concentration kinetics of the samples. The Midilli model exhibited the best fit to all experimental data (R2 ≥ 0.9972; χ2 ≤ 1.6724; RMSE ≤ 1.2932). The concentration time was reduced with increasing microwave power (from 180 W to 450 W) and thermal vacuum concentration temperature (from 75 °C to 85 °C). In addition, the main quality parameters of the concentrates were comparatively investigated after reconstitution. Generally, major differences were not observed in the physicochemical properties of samples concentrated by thermal and microwave methods. Total phenolic content of the apple juice and sour cherry nectar samples were ranged between 209.87-216.67 mg/L and 571.00-588.57 mg/L, respectively. Fructose was the main sugar in both juices, followed by glucose and sucrose. The particle size of the juice samples increased with concentration processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with high morbidity. Acetic acid-induced damage of colonic mucosa in rats is a commonly used experimental animal model of UC. This research aimed to explore for the first time the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation with fava bean on the incidence of UC in rats fed with sucrose containing diet. Rats were divided into five groups as follows: G1, control healthy rats; G2, colitic rats; G3, colitic rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose, G4, healthy rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose and G5, colitic rats fed diets containing 30% sucrose supplemented with dried ground fava bean. Colonic injury and inflammation were evaluated through a disturbance of oxidative biomarkers, a significant increase in inflammatory biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines, and histological abnormalities in colonic tissues accompanied by colonic mucosal DNA damage. Colitic rats fed on sucrose containing diet demonstrated additional histological, biochemical, and DNA alterations in colonic mucosa of rats. Dietary supplementation with dried ground fava bean significantly corrected the impaired oxidative and inflammatory biomarker levels and modulated histological features and DNA alterations. Finally, fava bean attenuated the oxidative damage and colonic injury induced by acetic acid, which confirmed its high anti-oxidant and anti-incendiary properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot air (HA) treatment has been demonstrated to control chilling injury (CI) in peaches effectively, however, little is known about the effects of HA on the changes of sugar and organic acid. In order to explore the relationship among CI susceptibility, soluble sugar and organic acid metabolism, peach fruit (Prunus persica) were treated with HA (40°C, 4 h) and then stored at 1°C for 35 days plus 3 days at 20°C. Results showed that HA avoided or decreased the development of CI symptoms and maintained a better quality of peaches. HA suppressed sucrose degradation by inhibiting expression of invertase as well as enhancing the relative expressions of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase. The low degradation of sucrose contributed to low contents of glucose and fructose in the treated groups. Besides, HA significantly increased contents of citric and malic acids during the whole storage by enhancing the expressions of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, but inhibiting malate synthase. These results suggest that HA suppressed chilling injury by regulating sucrose degradation and organic acid metabolism. The high contents of sucrose, citric and malic acids contributed to enhancement of CI tolerance in peaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several behavioral disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and aggressive behaviors are linked with sugar intake and obesity. The reason(s) for this association has been unclear. Here we present a hypothesis supporting a role for fructose, a component of sugar and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and uric acid (a fructose metabolite), in increasing the risk for these behavioral disorders. Recent studies have shown that the reason fructose intake is strongly associated with development of metabolic syndrome is that fructose intake activates an evolutionary-based survival pathway that stimulates foraging behavior and the storage of energy as fat. While modest intake may aid animals that would like to store fat as a protective response from food shortage or starvation, we propose that high intake of sugar and HFCS causes a hyperactive foraging response that stimulates craving, impulsivity, risk taking and aggression that increases the risk for ADHD, bipolar disease and aggressive behavior. High glycemic carbohydrates and salty foods may also contribute as they can be converted to fructose in the body. Some studies suggest uric acid produced during fructose metabolism may mediate some of these effects. Chronic stimulation of the pathway could lead to desensitization of hedonic responses and induce depression. In conclusion, a hyperactive foraging response driven by high glycemic carbohydrates and sugars may contribute to affective disorders. [Display omitted] • Recent studies show that fructose is a unique nutrient that stimulates an innate survival pathway for many species that involves the foraging for food with storage of the energy as fat. • In Western Society the high intake of sugar has placed this survival pathway in overdrive, leading to an increase in obesity and diabetes. • Excessive fructose intake may lead to a hyperactive foraging response, contributing to behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, manic depression, and aggressive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of wound regeneration’s important roles is in the presence of calcium minerals and compounds and mineralization for bone survival after the tooth extraction process. BMPs are bone proteins that are needed in the formation of new bone. BMP that plays a very important role is BMP-2. In the process of forming new bones, they also really need good minerals so that the bones can be perfectly formed. A high diet of sucrose can promote mineral bone loss, resorption of alveolar bone by osteoclast also can increase calcium urine, and plasma. The purpose of this study is to explore the expression of BMP-2 in Wistar rats with tooth extraction after high sucrose diet. The results were statistically evaluated using a T-test. In comparison to the control group, there was a substantial difference in BMP-2 expression on days 7 and 15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The overconsumption of sucrose is closely related to sugar-sweetened beverages and one of the main factors associated with the increase of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance. So, the addition of alternative sweeteners to new fruit-based drinks could contribute to minimizing the incidence or severity of these pathologies. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the influence of these additives on the bioactive compounds present in these beverages is still scarce.new-onset hypertension, but few data were published in Asian. We aimed to investigate the association of lipid profiles with new-onset hypertension in a Chinese community-based non-hypertensive cohort without lipid-lowering treatment (n = 1802).Methods and Results: Hence, to contribute to the understanding of this issue, the plasma concentration of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and flavanones), after the ingestion of a new maqui-citrus-based beverage, supplemented with sucrose (natural high caloric), stevia (natural non-caloric), or sucralose (artificial non-caloric), was evaluated as evidence of their intestinal absorption and metabolism previous to renal excretion. The beverages were ingested by volunteers (n = 20) and the resulting phenolic metabolites in plasma were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 13 metabolites were detected: caffeic acid sulfate, caffeic acid glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxyfenylacetic, 3,4-dihydroxyfenylacetic sulfate. 3,4-dihydroxyfenylacetic acid di-sulfate, 3,4-dihydroxyfenylacetic di-glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxyfenylacetic glucuronide-sulfate, trans-ferulic acid glucuronide, naringenin glucuronide, vanillic acid, vanillic acid sulfate, vanillic acid glucuronide-sulfate, and vanillic acid di-glucuronide, being recorded their maximum concentration after 30-60 min.Conclusion: In general, sucralose provided the greatest absorption value for most of these metabolites, followed by stevia. Due to this, the present study proposes sucralose and stevia (non-caloric sweeteners) as valuable alternatives to sucrose (high caloric sweetener), to avoid the augmented risk of several metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the provision of information on the amount of sugar and identify the position of sugar in the list of ingredients of processed foods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze all processed traditional and diet/light/zero food products sold in a hypermarket containing the word sugar or sucrose in the list of ingredients. The food labels were read and the position of sugar on the list of ingredients and presence, or absence, of information on the amount of sugar in the nutrition facts table were recorded. Information on the amount of sugar was also requested from the manufacturers by e-mail or telephone. A total of 2,200 food products were assessed, 2,164 (98.4%) of which were traditional foods and 36 (1.6%) diet/light/zero foods. The amount of sugar was declared in only 14.4% and 13.9% of these products, respectively (p=0.84). Only 7.7% (n=12) of the 156 companies contacted provided the requested information. Sugar was present in the first three positions of the list of ingredients in 75.8% of the traditional foods and 77.8% of the diet/light/zero foods (p=0.93). The data show that sugar was the main ingredient in the majority of the food products analyzed and that the level of provision of information on the amount of sugar is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)