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Topic models are becoming a frequently employed tool in the empirical methods repertoire of information systems and management scholars. Given textual corpora, such as consumer reviews and online discussion forums, researchers and business practitioners often use topic modeling to either explore data in an unsupervised fashion or generate variables of interest for subsequent econometric analysis. However, one important concern stems from the fact that topic models can be notorious for their instability, i.e., the generated results could be inconsistent and irreproducible at different times, even on the same dataset. Therefore, researchers might arrive at potentially unreliable results regarding the theoretical relationships that they are testing or developing. In this paper, we attempt to highlight this problem and suggest a potential approach to addressing it. First, we empirically define and evaluate the stability problem of topic models using four textual datasets. Next, to alleviate the problem and with the goal of extracting actionable insights from textual data, we propose a new method, Stable LDA, which incorporates topical word clusters into the topic model to steer the model inference toward consistent results. We show that the proposed Stable LDA approach can significantly improve model stability while maintaining or even improving the topic model quality. Further, employing two case studies related to an online knowledge community and online consumer reviews, we demonstrate that the variables generated from Stable LDA can lead to more consistent estimations in econometric analyses. We believe that our work can further enhance management scholars' collective toolkit to analyze ever-growing textual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implantitis and osseointegration failure present considerable challenges to the prolonged stability of oral implants. To address these issues, there is an escalating demand for a resilient implant surface coating that seamlessly integrates antimicrobial features to combat bacteria-induced peri‑implantitis, and osteogenic properties to promote bone formation. In the present study, a bio-inspired poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (DA-PAMAM-NH 2) is synthesized by utilizing a mussel protein (DA) known for its strong adherence to various materials. Conjugating DA with PAMAM-NH 2 , inherently endowed with antibacterial and osteogenic properties, results in a robust and multifunctional coating. Robust adhesion between DA-PAMAM-NH 2 and the titanium alloy surface is identified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. Following a four-week immersion of the coated titanium alloy surface in simulated body fluid (SBF), the antimicrobial activity and superior osteogenesis of the DA-PAMAM-NH 2 -coated surface remain stable. In contrast, the bifunctional effects of the PAMAM-NH 2 -coated surface diminish after the same immersion period. In vivo animal experiments validate the enduring antimicrobial and osteogenic properties of DA-PAMAM-NH 2 -coated titanium alloy implants, significantly enhancing the long-term stability of the implants. This innovative coating holds promise for addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with peri‑implantitis and osseointegration failure in titanium-based implants. Prolonged stability of oral implants remains a clinically-significant challenge. Peri-implantitis and osseointegration failure are two important contributors to the poor stability of oral implants. The present study developed a mussel-bioinspired poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (DA-PAMAM-NH 2) for a resilient implant surface coating that seamlessly integrates antimicrobial features to combat bacteria-induced peri‑implantitis, and osteogenic properties to promote bone formation to extend the longevity of oral implants. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, analytical and numerical methods are applied to investigate the dynamic response of an axially moving plate subjected to parametric and forced excitation. Based on the classical thin plate theory, the governing equation of the plate coupled with fluid is established and further discretized through the Galerkin method. These equations are solved using the method of multiple scales to obtain amplitude-frequency curves and phase-frequency curves. The stability of steady-state response is examined using Lyapunov's stability theory. In addition, numerical analysis is employed to validate the results of analytical solutions based on the Runge–Kutta method. The multi-value and stability of periodic solutions are verified through stable periodic orbits. Detailed parametric studies show that proper selection of system parameters enables the system to stay in primary resonance or simultaneous resonance, and the state of the system can switch among different periodic motions, contributing to the optimization of fluid–structure interaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the synchronization, stability and motion characteristics of the generalized dynamical model with two rigid frames (RFs) driven by two groups (even number) of coaxial rotating exciters. In light of this system's generalized coordinates, we use Lagrange's equations to derive the generalized differential equation of motion. The responses of absolute and relative motion of the generalized system are obtained using the transfer function method. The synchronization and stability criteria of multiple exciters are derived using the average method and Hamilton's theory, respectively. Taking a dynamical model driven by two pairs of exciters as an example, the localized studies of generalized results are carried out. The stable synchronous solutions for phase differences and excitation frequency, the stability ability coefficient curves and the response curves are graphically presented considering the effect of two crucial dimensionless parameters on the stable synchronous states. The simulation results of the specific system are obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithms and compared with the numerical qualitative analysis results to reveal the high consistency between them and clarify the used methods' effectiveness. The strength of this work stems from its use in the field of high power and large scale self-synchronization vibrating machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glenohumeral joint is the least congruent and least constrained joint with a complex relationship of static and dynamic stabilizers to balance its native mobility with functional stability. In the young athlete, anterior shoulder instability is multifactorial and can be a challenge to treat, requiring a patient-specific treatment approach. Surgical decision-making must consider patient-specific factors such as age, sport activity and level, underlying ligamentous laxity, and goals for return to activity, in addition to careful scrutiny of the underlying pathology to include humeral and glenoid bone loss and surrounding scapular bone morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, various real word problems including infectious diseases, engineering problems, and chemical processes, etc are modelled by using differential equations with fractals and fractional orders. The mentioned area provides a powerful tool to investigate the aforesaid problems from different perspectives like analysis, numerical investigation, and qualitative theory. Similarly, one of the global issue is devoted to re-infection of viral diseases like COVID-19. The said behaviour has produced very saviour impact on human life worldwide. Also, this is very critical for health system of a country as well as for its economics situation. To study the aforesaid phenomenon of re-infection, a hybrid type fractal–fractional three compartments model is formulated. The basic results related to boundedness, positivity, equilibrium points, basic reproductive number, and sensitivity analysis of the basic threshold are included in the theoretical aspect. Additionally, the Volterra–Lyapunov approach is used to establish both local and global stability analysis under fractals and fractional derivative. Furthermore, utilizing techniques from numerical functional analysis and fixed point theory, the existence and Hyers–Ulam stability of the solutions are also examined. A numerical algorithm based on Lagrange's interpolation polynomials is extended to simulate the results of various compartments. Graphical interpretations corresponding to different fractals–fractional order values are presented. For verification of our numerical results, a comparison is provided between the real and simulated data. Here it should be kept in mind that the differential operator of fractals–fractional order is considered with Mittag-Leffler kernel. The mentioned operator is more general among the available fractals fractional differential operators in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2-phased layered oxide materials have been extensively studied as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries due to their high capacities and ionic conductivities, making them promising for large-scale applications. Additionally, manganese-based compounds, with their low cost and high capacity, have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, challenges remain regarding durability issues and related structural instability caused by the Jahn-Teller effect induced by Mn3+ ions formed during the cycling process in these materials, which causes manganese dissolution during use. In this study, we introduce a cathode composition of Na0.8Mn0.75Fe0.2Al0.05O2 and show that bismuth doping enhances the structural stability of the cathode material during electrochemical cycling. Electrodes with varying levels of bismuth doping were compared in half-cell configurations; material with 1% bismuth doping demonstrated outstanding stability, retaining 95.8% capacity after 200 cycles at a 0.2 C rate through the full potential range. dQ/dV analysis shows that bismuth doping effectively suppresses the excess Mn redox, which could otherwise deteriorate the cathode structure. As a proof of concept, Bi-doped materials were implemented in full cells paired with hard carbon that exhibited much better stability than those without bismuth doping. Lastly, the moisture and air stability of the bismuth-doped electrode were tested, demonstrating good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tripod screw configuration has been shown to offer similar stiffness characteristics to a laterally placed plate. However, concern has been raised that the construct may be prone to failure in scenarios where the screw intersects at the fracture line. We performed a finite element analysis to assess potentially ideal and unideal screw placements in the tripod construct among Mason III radial head fractures. A 3-dimensional proximal radius model was developed using a computed tomography scan of an adult male radius. The fracture site was simulated with a uniform gap in transverse and sagittal planes creating a Mason type III fracture pattern comprising 3 fragments. Three configurations were modeled with varying screw intersection points in relation to the radial neck fracture line. A fourth configuration comprising an added transverse interfragmentary screw was also modeled. Loading scenarios included axial and shear forces to simulate physiological conditions. Von Mises stress and displacement were used as outcomes for analysis. Some variation can be seen among the tripod configurations, with a marginal tendency for reduced implant stress and greater stiffness when screw intersection is further from the neck fracture region. The construct with an added transverse interfragmentary screw demonstrated greater stiffness (2269 N/mm) than an equivalent tripod construct comprising 3 screws (612 N/mm). The results from this study demonstrate biomechanical similarity between tripod screw constructs including where screws intersect at the radial neck fracture line. An added fourth screw, positioned transversely across fragments, increased construct stiffness in our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal stability of Le Fort I maxillary advancement following the surgery-first approach, by three-dimensional (3D) assessment of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital dental models. CBCT scans of 25 class III patients obtained 1 week preoperatively (T0) and 1 week (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively were superimposed to measure surgical movements (T0–T1) and skeletal relapse (T1–T2). The distorted dentition of the CBCT scans at T1 was replaced with 3D images of the dental models to assess the postoperative occlusion. Surgical movements of the maxilla (mean ± standard deviation values) were 6.79 ± 2.30 mm advancement, 1.28 ± 1.09 mm vertically, and 0.71 ± 0.79 mm mediolaterally. Horizontal rotation (yaw) was 1.56° ± 1.21°, vertical rotation (pitch) 1.86° ± 1.88°, and tilting (roll) 1.63° ± 1.54°. At T2, the posterior relapse was 0.72 ± 0.43 mm (P = 0.001) and relapse in pitch was 1.56° ± 1.42° (P = 0.007). There was no correlation between the size of the surgical movements and the amount of relapse. A weak correlation was noted between the number of teeth in occlusal contact immediately following surgery and relapse of maxillary roll (r = − 0.434, P = 0.030). The stability of maxillary advancement with the surgery-first approach was satisfactory and was not correlated with the quality of the immediate postoperative occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted at four different locations in India in order to evaluate the genetic diversity and stability of 38 genotypes of onion (Allium cepa L.) under various climatic circumstances. The genetic diversity was evaluated through cluster analysis which divided thirty-eight genotypes into two major clusters (cluster I and cluster II) each of which had 20 and 18 genotypes. As per Additive Main-effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model, five genotypes from cluster I, namely Accession (Acc.) 1217, 1209, Bhima Shweta, 1639, and 1640 were shown to have greater adaptation, with regressive values of 0.14, 0.74, 1.51, 2.11, and 2.17, respectively and marketable yields ranging from 176.23–227.31 q/ha. The mean performance of genotypes in individual clusters revealed that the cluster I and cluster II genotypes showed maximum marketable yield, total yield and average bulb weight. Based on the findings of the assessment study, these stable genotypes could be utilised as parent plants in future breeding programmes to develop high-yielding onion varieties that not only showcase stability but also possess widespread adaptability, thereby enhancing overall onion crop performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the less conservative stability conditions for linear systems with a time-varying delay. At first, augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals(LKFs) are constructed with state vectors that have not been utilized in the existing works, and an augmented zero equality that can be derived according to the augmented vector is proposed. By utilizing them, a stability condition is proposed in the form of a linear matrix inequality. And, by using novel delay-dependent LKFs and the introduced ones, improved results are obtained than the previous result. The addition of the delay-dependent LKFs increases the number of decision variables in the results. Therefore, any vectors of integral inequalities utilized in the proposed criterion are appropriately adjusted to reduce computational complexity. To check the excellence and validity of the proposed results, several numerical examples are applied. • The improved stability conditions for the linear system with a time-varying delay are proposed. • The proposed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals(LKFs) have more extended augmented vectors to obtain less conservative results. And LKFs based on an integral inequality (Lee et al., 2023) is utilized. • The novel LKFs which are the delay-dependent forms are proposed. The superiority of the results is checked according to the presence or absence of the forms. • The computational complexity is reduced by adjusting any vector of the integral inequality utilized in the proposed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major global health problem continues to be malaria, a disease that can be fatal brought on by Plasmodium parasites and spread by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. We provide a deterministic mathematical model in this study to simulate the dynamics of malaria transmission between humans and mosquitoes. We present a new compartment for hospitalized patients as well as fractional calculus. The next-generation matrix technique is used to obtain the fundamental reproduction number, R 0 , and stability conditions for the model's equilibrium points are derived. Both locally and globally, the sensitivity analysis for the fundamental reproduction number R 0 is satisfied. In MAPLE, the Runge–Kutta fourth-order approach is used to simulate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research endeavour, we delve into the realm of microgrid management, focusing specifically on enhancing its performance in the aftermath of a fault event. Microgrids, characterized by their incorporation of diverse replenishable energy sources like the sun and wind, alongside storage options like batteries and conventional methods of backup, like diesel generators, face significant challenges when confronted with sudden spikes in demand due to faults or disruptions. To address these challenges, we explore the application of three distinct optimization methodologies: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These techniques are employed to dynamically adjust load demand within the microgrid, aiming to mitigate the impacts of the fault and restore stability and efficiency to the system. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis, we assess the efficacy of every optimization approach regarding its capacity for optimize load demand effectively, maintain system reliability, and maximize resource utilization. By examining key performance metrics such as cost reduction, load balancing, and energy efficiency improvement, Our goal is to provide insightful information about the strengths additionally limitations of each optimization technique. Ultimately, our study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding microgrid management strategies, offering practical guidance for decisionmakers and engineers tasked with optimizing microgrid performance in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flucytosine is an antifungal agent used in combination with other medicines for the treatment of fungal infections. It was available as intravenous (IV), oral tablet, and capsule formulations up until October 2021, when the IV product, Ancotil, was discontinued with no alternative brands available. Aim: This study aimed to formulate a suitable formulation with appropriate stability data for medium to long‐term nasogastric (NG) administration use. Method: Flucytosine 500 mg tablets (Ancotil) were crushed and suspended in (1) Ora‐Plus (OP) + Ora‐Sweet (OS) and (2) Ora‐Blend (OB) to produce 100 mg/mL suspensions (n = 3 for each suspending base) that were stored at 2–8°C in amber glass bottles until assayed. Appearance, odour and pH, and the concentrations of flucytosine in the suspensions were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography on days 1, 8, and 15. A subjective assessment of the ease of suspension for NG administration via a size 10fr nasogastric tube (NGT) was also tested. Ethics approval was not required for this research article as it was a stability study and did not contain human participants or human data. Results: One of the three OB suspension bottles demonstrated significant suspension clumping resulting in all OB suspensions being excluded from further analysis. There was no change in appearance, odour or pH with the OP + OS based flucytosine suspensions and they extruded easily through a size 10fr NGT with minimal force. The three OP + OS bottles of flucytosine suspension were stable (>98% at all timepoints assessed) for 15 days at 2–8°C when stored in amber glass bottles. Conclusions: The OP + OS suspensions showed chemical stability for up to 15 days when stored under refrigerated conditions and protected from light, making this a suitable multidose enteral alternative to IV flucytosine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the important role of patient-ventilator assessments in ensuring the safety and efficacy of mechanical ventilation, a team of respiratory therapists and a librarian used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to make the following recommendations: (1) We recommend assessment of plateau pressure to ensure lung-protective ventilator settings (strong recommendation, high certainty); (2) We recommend an assessment of tidal volume (VT) to ensure lung-protective ventilation (4-8 mL/kg/predicted body weight) (strong recommendation, high certainty); (3) We recommend documenting VT as mL/kg predicted body weight (strong recommendation, high certainty); (4) We recommend an assessment of PEEP and auto-PEEP (strong recommendation, high certainty); (5) We suggest assessing driving pressure to prevent ventilator-induced injury (conditional recommendation, low certainty); (6) We suggest assessing FIO2 to ensure normoxemia (conditional recommendation, very low certainty); (7) We suggest telemonitoring to supplement direct bedside assessment in settings with limited resources (conditional recommendation, low certainty); (8) We suggest direct bedside assessment rather than telemonitoring when resources are adequate (conditional recommendation, low certainty); (9) We suggest assessing adequate humidification for patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (conditional recommendation, very low certainty); (10) We suggest assessing the appropriateness of the humidification device during NIV and invasive mechanical ventilation (conditional recommendation, low certainty); (11) We recommend that the skin surrounding artificial airways and NIV interfaces be assessed (strong recommendation, high certainty); (12) We suggest assessing the dressing used for tracheostomy tubes and NIV interfaces (conditional recommendation, low certainty); (13) We recommend assessing the pressure inside the cuff of artificial airways using a manometer (strong recommendation, high certainty); (14) We recommend that continuous cuff pressure assessment should not be implemented to decrease the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (strong recommendation, high certainty); and (15) We suggest assessing the proper placement and securement of artificial airways (conditional recommendation, very low certainty). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the main reason for global temperature rise is the increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This increase is primarily caused by human activities, leading to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that largely contribute to global warming. For better understanding of how rising temperature affects people and for studying the effectiveness of awareness programmes aimed at reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we have proposed a non-linear mathematical model. The proposed model has been extended further for controlling atmospheric CO2 emissions as well as reducing costs associated with the execution of awareness programmes by considering variable implementation rate of such programmes over time. The strategy obtained by utilizing the optimal control theory outclasses both constant heuristic and no control strategies. Further, to illustrate the analytical findings, we have performed numerical simulations. Highlights: The research addresses the critical issue of global warming by focusing on the primary driver - carbon dioxide emissions. We have proposed a non-linear mathematical model to better understand the impact of rising temperatures and evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programmes in reducing CO2 emissions. The model is extended further to incorporate variable implementation rates of awareness programmes over time, aiming to control atmospheric CO2 emissions and reduce associated costs as well. The optimal control theory is devised to derive a cost-optimal strategy of implementing awareness programmes. Application of optimal control theory yields a strategy that outperforms traditional constant heuristic and no control strategies. The study emphasizes the well-planned and dynamic implementation of awareness programmes to spread awareness rapidly, even with low implementation rates. Validation of analytical findings is done through numerical simulations, providing practical insights into the proposed optimal control strategy. The study contributes to environmental research by providing a novel perspective on tackling global warming through targeted awareness programmes. The proposed model and optimal control strategy offer a practical framework for policymakers and environmental practitioners to optimize the impact of mitigation efforts. The study encourages further research in refining and expanding the proposed mathematical model to address additional complexities in the global warming scenario. The research calls for practical applications of the optimal control strategy in real-world scenarios to validate its effectiveness and feasibility. It recommends continual observation and modification of rates of awareness campaigns in response to changing environmental and socioeconomic circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exposure of iodinated contrast media (ICM) to X-rays is not uncommon, as contrast media are often stored in close proximity to radiological equipment. However, the interaction between X-rays and ICM is not widely investigated in literature. The present study aims to investigate the chemical stability of iomeprol and iopamidol, two commercial iodinated ICM commonly used in diagnostic imaging, under X-rays exposure. Different formulations of iopamidol and iomeprol (iodine concentration 9 to 400 mgI/mL, volume 50–500 mL) were exposed to three different conditions of X-ray irradiation: i) 1 month storage in CT room (≈5–15 mGy); (ii) low-dose protocol (≈10 mGy); (ii) stressed protocol (≈100 mGy). Unexposed and exposed solutions were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography in terms of concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), iodine species and by products. In addition, appearance and colour of the solutions were inspected and pH measured. API concentrations, appearance, colour and pH of the exposed formulations remained unaffected by X-rays. Measured concentrations of iodine species and by products were observed well within the acceptability criteria, i.e. values turned out to be lower than specifications limits established by the manufacturer, considering both release and shelf-life values. Up to 100 mGy X-ray exposure did not induce any alteration of iomeprol and iopamidol formulation, nor a detectable increase in the concentration of iodine species or by-products. Our study strengthens the hypothesis that ICM are stable under X-rays exposure up to 100 mGy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation) is a widely used strategy to improve the physicochemical properties of various macromolecules, especially protein drugs. However, its application in enhancing the performance of enzymes for molecular biology remains underexplored. This study explored the PEGylation of Bst DNA polymerase, determining optimal modification reaction conditions. In comparison to the unmodified wild-type counterpart, the modified Bst DNA polymerase exhibited significantly improved activity, thermal stability, and inhibitor tolerance during loop-mediated isothermal amplification. When applied for the detection of Salmonella in crude samples, the modified enzyme demonstrated a notably accelerated reaction rate. Therefore, PEGylation emerges as a viable strategy for refining DNA polymerases, helping in the development of novel molecular diagnostic reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper quarter y-balance test (YBT-UQ) is a functional screening tool used to detect musculoskeletal injury risk, aid rehabilitation, and monitor dynamic function, strength and control, yet little is currently known about intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence reach scores. This systematic review aimed to determine if age, sex, or interventions influenced reach scores and whether between-limb differences were common in non-injured sporting populations, with a secondary aim to identify if sport impacted YBT-UQ reach. Web of Science, PubMed, and SportDiscus were systematically searched from January 2012 to November 16, 2023, revealing twenty-three studies satisfying inclusion criteria of published in English between 2012 and 2023, healthy participants of any age including both males and females, athletic populations, YBT-UQ use to assess upper limb mobility/stability, report normalised reach scores, and peer-reviewed full-texts. Methodological quality was evaluated via National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools for controlled interventions, observational cohort and cross-sectional designs, and pre-post with no control group. Age, sex, sport, and fatigue were influencing factors; greater reach scores were achieved in older athletes (i.e. >18 years), males, and in a well-rested state. Between-limb differences were not common in sporting populations; therefore, asymmetries may be useful for practitioners to aid injury risk identification. This is the first systematic review investigating YBT-UQ influencing factors and thereby provides context for clinicians regarding characteristics that impact reach scores in sporting populations, from which normative values could be determined and further aid clinical decisions or areas to improve regarding injury risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior open bite (AOB), characterized by the lack of vertical overlap between upper and lower anterior teeth, poses a considerable challenge in orthodontics. The condition depends on many factors that combine to render it difficult to achieve post treatment stability. AOB is commonly classified as dental, skeletal, or functional on the basis of the clinical presentation and causative factors. Traditionally, skeletal AOB necessitates surgical intervention, whereas nonsurgical approaches such as extrusion arches and the Multiloop Edgewise Archwire Technique (MEAW) can be employed in more straightforward cases. Functional appliances are reserved for situations in which a patient's growth potential offers the possibility of effectively addressing AOB. This review presents a strategic treatment approach for addressing AOB, taking into account the classification and severity of the condition. The proposed SHE framework describes the use of mini-screws (S) for anchorage and vertical control, encouragement to correct habits (H), and the utilization of extractions and elastics (E). By incorporating extra-radicular mini-screws, AOB closure is achieved through anterior retraction in extraction cases or whole arch distalization of dentition with elastics in non-extraction cases. This framework emphasizes habit correction through a regimen of oral myofunctional therapy (OMT) and habit-correcting appliances to enhance posttreatment stability. This review suggests that nonsurgical correction is viable in the majority of cases, whereas surgical intervention should be reserved for severe cases of skeletal vertical overgrowth or horizontal discrepancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented beverages such as beer are known for their relatively long shelf life. However, the main factor limiting their shelf life is the qualitative changes that occur during storage. From the moment the beer is produced, its characteristics, such as taste, aroma, and colloidal stability undergo continuous change. The intensity of these changes depends on the type of beer, storage conditions, and length of storage. While some degree of ageing can have a positive influence on sensory characteristics of a beer, beer stalling is seen as a significant problem. As it is currently understood, beer ageing is mainly caused by the formation of stalling aldehydes. At the same time, compounds which bestow the beer its flavour, such as esters, terpenes, and iso-α-acids undergo qualitative and quantitative changes. As a result, aroma discriminants such as freshness, fruitiness or florality are often lost over time. In their place, aromas described as ribes, cardboard, bread-like, honey-like or sherry-like appear. The article aims to present the changes in beer sensorial, physicochemical, and microbiological characteristics during storage and the factors that affect beer quality during ageing The article also describes the variables which according to the current literature, may alter the flavour stability of a beer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The proposal by Wan & al. intended to maintain maximal nomenclatural stability by proposing to conserve Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) with a conserved type, regardless of how and when Selaginella is to be split into several or more genera, as has already been done in some recent studies. Valdespino & al. do not seem to have understood the nomenclatural benefit of the Wan & al. proposal and mix up this proposal with the classification by Zhou & Zhang. In addition, their rebuttal paper appears to contain a number of issues. We respectably urge the Nomenclature Committee and the botanical community to reject their rebuttal and make a decision that will benefit long‐term nomenclatural stability in Selaginellaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the dynamical behavior of Caputo fractional order generalized Richards growth model with delay. In order to transition from continuous time model to a discrete version, piecewise constant arguments are added to the model and thus system of difference equation are obtained from the solutions of the model in the sub-intervals. We obtain an algebraic condition where the positive equilibrium point of the discrete model with respect to changing parameter r is locally asymptotically stable. Moreover, it has been theoretically proven that the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation occurs at the positive equilibrium point of the discrete system and the direction of this bifurcation has been determined. In addition, discretized generalized Richards growth model is also considered on the globally coupled network with N=10 nodes. Numerical simulations have revealed that thecoupling strength parameter c plays a key role in the dynamical behavior of the node with the highest degree in such a complex network. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the stability, bifurcations and dynamic transition of the coupled network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we proposed a Leslie-Gower prey-predator model, whose dynamics includes a constant effort harvesting rate in predators and an additive Allee impact on prey. A system of stochastic differential equations is also used to study its behaviour, with the assumption that each population's exposure to environmental unpredictability is represented by noise terms. This kind of randomness is considerably more reasonable and realistic in the proposed paradigm. Due to the paucity of studies on the dynamics of this kind of model, this investigation is being believed to be a way to advance the subject of literature. First, we establish the system's positivity and boundlessness. Next, we look into the dynamics of every one of the stable states, the form of the positive equilibrium point, and the continued existence of every species in the system.It is established that the equilibrium levels of prey and predator are impacted by the Allee effect parameter as well as the impact of harvesting. The positive steady state point's global stability criterion is derived. By selecting the Allee effect and harvesting effort as the bifurcation parameters, it has been established that a Hopf bifurcation exists close to the interior steady state. This study is novel since it incorporates various ecological factors into a single model, potentially opening up new perspectives on predator-prey relationships. To support the mathematical conclusions, rigorous numerical visualisations of the key parameters are provided below using specific hypothetical data. In conclusion, we may state that our model is a project that aims to preserve the ecological equilibrium of the natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A first-order structure $\mathfrak {A}$ is called monadically stable iff every expansion of $\mathfrak {A}$ by unary predicates is stable. In this paper we give a classification of the class $\mathcal {M}$ of $\omega $ -categorical monadically stable structure in terms of their automorphism groups. We prove in turn that $\mathcal {M}$ is the smallest class of structures which contains the one-element pure set, is closed under isomorphisms, and is closed under taking finite disjoint unions, infinite copies, and finite index first-order reducts. Using our classification we show that every structure in $\mathcal {M}$ is first-order interdefinable with a finitely bounded homogeneous structure. We also prove that every structure in $\mathcal {M}$ has finitely many reducts up to interdefinability, thereby confirming Thomas' conjecture for the class $\mathcal {M}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the stability of networked periodic piecewise linear systems (NPPLSs) of which communication channels are subject to a time-varying transmission delay. Under data-sampling, the NPPLS is modeled as an asynchronous controlled periodic piecewise linear system with time-varying input delay, where the interval of asynchronous control in each subsystem is uncertain but bounded. Aimed at obtaining less conservative stability and synthesis results when tackling the uncertain switching, the dwell time of each subsystem is divided into three subintervals according to the asynchronous control interval and the maximum delay assumption. In this way, it allows the construction of piecewise Lyapunov functionals for one subsystem, the piecewise Lyapunov functionals capture different dynamic characteristics in each subinterval. Using this approach, general stability conditions of NPPLSs are derived. Then, by constructing Lyapunov functionals as a set of delay-dependent time-varying functionals, tractable exponential stability conditions of NPPLSs under transmission delay are developed using a scaling technique. Due to the coupling of the decision variables in the conditions, an iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the periodic controller gains. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the merits of the obtained controllers. • The stabilization of networked periodic piecewise linear systems under time-varying transmission delay is explored, addressing a previously unexplored area. • A novel formulation of piecewise time-varying Lyapunov functionals is introduced. • A less conservative delay-dependent exponential stability condition is derived. • An iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm is developed to determine the controller gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ilizarov fixator is a type of external fixator that is used to treat patients who have suffered injuries from accidents, bone shortening, or nonunion of the bone. The principle behind the Ilizarov fixator is that thin wires (called Kirschner wires) are used to support the bones and connect them to framed rings. Before being fastened to the rings, the wires are tensioned and drilled through the bones. This study suggests using a new parallel wires configuration at the same level on the same ring and two revised versions, which are divergent and convergent models, and compare them with standard wires, 60 angle wires model. All models were designed using SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software, and then analyzed in four conditions (axial compression, medial bending, posterior bending, and torsion) with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Ansys Workbench 2020 R2. Mechanical testing was conducted to validate the FEA results, A simple model consisting of a single ring, two K-wires, and polylactic acid (PLA) cylinders was utilized in a tensile test. It has been concluded from the results that the parallel model and its improvement have higher stiffness to axial compression, medial bending, and torsion, but a lower posterior bending stiffness, except the divergent model with 8-hole separation which has a relatively acceptable stiffness for posterior bendin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, direct numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the compressible flow around a circular cylinder near a heated wall at a Reynolds number (Re) of 500 and a Mach number (Ma) of 0.4. The heating ratio T* ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 represents the different situations of a heated wall, whereas the gap ratio ranges from 0.3 to 1.0. This study analyzed the impact of heating effect and wall proximity on flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces. The results indicated that the stability of the flow was enhanced as the gap ratio decreased or the heating ratio increased. Through the calculation of enstrophy, it was found that the strength of shedding vortices weakens with a decrease in gap ratio or an increase in heating ratio. Furthermore, the mean drag coefficient decreases as the heating ratio increases or the gap ratio decreases. In contrast, the mean lift coefficient initially decreases and then increases as the gap ratio decreases. Finally, the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed by examining the pressure distribution on the surface of the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both mathematics and science exhibit a reciprocally advantageous and close relationship. The undeniable significance of mathematics in diverse scientific fields, including electrical engineering, physics, biology, and medicine, is beyond dispute. Due to the multitude of applications of mathematical biology in the present era, scholars have demonstrated a marked intrigue in this specific realm. In the past few years, there has been a discernible rise in the application of different fractional operators as a method of expressing the given problem. The utilization of this approach has gained significant acceptance as a customary technique for examining the propagation of epidemics. The current investigation explores innovative fractional operators in the framework of a model for an infectious disease. The mechanical characteristics of the model with fractional orders are established by employing diverse numerical methods and adjusting parameters related to time fractional components. To substantiate the theoretical discoveries, computational simulations are implemented for the suggested approach over a variety of fractional orders, displaying the outcomes of both fractional and fractal orders. We employed a highly efficient numerical methodology to obtain solutions for both the model and simulations. Additionally, we provide the criteria for the existence of a solution to the proposed epidemic model, and we determine the reproductive number under specific state conditions of the analyzed dynamic system. A fractional-order model of infectious disease is proposed to be analyzed through simulations, aiming to ascertain the possible efficacy of disease transmission within the community. These aspects are tackled through the application of the Banach contraction principle. Moreover, we have proposed future research directions incorporating the utilization of a novel hybrid fractional operator. Fractional calculus emerges as a significant area of investigation within applied mathematics, offering valuable tools for problem-solving across diverse fields such as medicine, science, and engineering. Recent scholars have emphasized the importance of mathematical techniques, especially those related to fractional and integer calculus modeling, as extremely advantageous when examining the dynamics of different disease models. The utilization of the fractional operator allows for the investigation of the dynamic impact of diseases on society, providing valuable insights for analysis, decision-making, and disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates skeletodental changes in hyperdivergent Class II adolescents treated with modified C-palatal plates (MCPP) either early or late, comparing their efficacy and long-term retention outcomes. It analyzes the effects on mandibular plane angle, vertical control, and stability, highlighting that early MCPP treatment demonstrated superior vertical control but similar long-term stability compared to late treatment.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12 week structured functional training program on various aspects of physical fitness in different age groups within the elderly population, including active adults (aged 50-59 years) and geriatric individuals (aged 60 years and above). The interventions targeted leg strength and endurance, static and dynamic balance, aerobic capacity, and upper and lower body range of motion. The structured training program incorporated multiple fitness components; including core strength, balance and stability for fall prevention, mobility and flexibility, and multipoint exercises. The experimental groups, consisting of both active adults and geriatric participants, underwent the 12-week training program, which was then compared to respective control groups. The data was collected at three time periods pre (0 week), mid (6 week), and post (12 week) after successfully following the structured training program. The statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, descriptive analysis (mean ± SD), inferential analysis (2*3*2 repeated measure ANOVA), followed by the effect size (Cohen's D and partial eta square). The result showed a significant improvement in (p - .000) Leg Strength & Endurance (Chair stand test), Static balance (flamingo balance test) (p - .000), aerobic capacity (2-minute step test) (p - .000), Range of motion; lower back and hamstring (sit and reach test) (p - .000), back scratch test (Range of motion of upper body and shoulder)(p - .000), and dynamic balance (four square step test) (p - .000). The magnitude of significance was recorded medium to large. The study provides compelling evidence for the effectiveness of structured motor fitness programs in enhancing physical performance among elderly populations. It is recommended that such interventions are essential for advancing in the field of elderly fitness and optimizing health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research is concerned with solitary wave structures to the time fractional-order Sobolev-type equations. The special types of Sobolev-type equations are under consideration such as the generalized hyperelastic-rod wave (HRW) equation, and Camassa–Holm (CH) equation. These equations occur in several fields, including particularly in quantum field theory, plasma theory, ecology, consolidation of clay and fluid dynamics. The underlying models are investigated analytically by applying two techniques, such as the generalized projective Riccati equation (GPRE) and the modified auxiliary equation (MAE). The gained results are obtained from the different families of solutions such as, including a periodic wave, kink-type wave peakon, a singular wave, and dark solutions. The gained results are denoted as hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. Furthermore, we check that the underlying models are stable using the concept of linearized stability. The propagation behavior of the gained results is displayed in 3D, 2D, and contour visualizations to investigate the influence of various relevant parameters. These results will help the researchers to understand the physical situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes surface location error (SLE) for serial kinematic robot milling. It includes frequency-domain models for milling stability and SLE, which both use a mechanistic force model and tool tip frequency response functions as inputs. Based on the predictions, experimental conditions are selected and SLE experiments are completed for a selected geometry and 6061-T6 aluminum workpieces. Measurements and predictions are compared and the predictions are used to compensate the workpiece geometry and reduce SLE. It is observed that, due to the presence of both low stiffness, low frequency robot modes and high frequency tool-holder-spindle modes, the SLE is large, but nearly independent of spindle speed for the available range of spindle speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a foreign exchange market model in which a market maker adjusts the exchange rate with respect to the trading behavior of chartists, fundamentalists and a central bank. While chartists bet on the persistence of bull and bear markets, fundamentalists speculate on mean reversion. The central bank seeks to stabilize the foreign exchange market by placing buy (sell) orders when the undervaluation (overvaluation) of the exchange rate exceeds a certain threshold. Since a one-dimensional piecewise-linear discontinuous map with three branches determines the evolution of the exchange rate, we use a combination of analytical and numerical tools to explore the extent to which the central bank is able to tame the behavior of the foreign exchange market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance catheters are essential for interventional surgeries, requiring reliable anti-adhesive and lubricated surfaces. This article develops a strategy for constructing high-density sulfobetaine zwitterionic polymer brushes on the surface of catheters, utilizing dopamine and sodium alginate as the primary intermediate layers, where dopamine provides mussel-protein-like adhesion to anchor the polymer brushes to the catheter surface. Hydroxyl-rich sodium alginate increases the number of grafting sites and improves the grafting mass by more than 4 times. The developed high-density zwitterionic polymer brushes achieve long-lasting and effective lubricity (μ<0.0078) and are implanted in rabbits for four hours without bio-adhesion and thrombosis in the absence of anticoagulants such as heparin. Experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that graft mass plays a decisive role in the lubricity and anti-adhesion of polymer brushes, and it is proposed to predict the anti-adhesion of polymer brushes by their lubricity to avoid costly and time-consuming bioassays during the development of amphoteric polymer brushes. A quantitative influence of hydration in the anti-adhesion properties of amphiphilic polymer brushes is also revealed. Thus, this study provides a new approach to safe, long-lasting lubrication and anticoagulant surface modification for medical devices in contact with blood. High friction and bioadhesion on medical device surfaces can pose a significant risk to patients. In response, we have developed a safer, simpler, and more application-specific surface modification strategy that addresses both the lubrication and anti-bioadhesion needs of medical device surfaces. We used dopamine and sodium alginate as intermediate layers to drastically increase the grafting density of the zwitterionic brushes and enabled the modified surfaces to have an extremely low coefficient of friction (μ = 0.0078) and to remain non-bioadhesive for 4 hours in vivo. Furthermore, we used molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the mechanisms behind the superior anti-adhesion properties of the high-density polymer brushes. Our work contributes to the development and application of surface-modified coatings. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mathematical model is based on a system of two non-linear delay differential equations representing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth and national debt respectively. Growth of GDP is directly proportional to national debt. In the absence of national debt, there could be no or very slow GDP growth. The national debt is heavily dependent on external loans and external investments. These investments act as a catalyst for accelerating the rate of GDP. It is assumed that the external debt is never paid off fully. The availability of external investments is not immediate as per demand but takes some time for the maturation of the deal. The time delay in actual arrival of the foreign investment and its effect on GDP-National debt dynamics is the main focus of this study. This effect is studied using a delay parameter τ. The non-zero equilibrium of the system is calculated, and the stability analysis is performed on it. Hopf bifurcation is observed for a critical value of the delay parameter. Numerical simulation is performed using MATLAB code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper focuses on investigating the dynamics and chaos control of two discrete systems corresponding to the singularly perturbed equation associated to the Hénon difference equation with continuous arguments. We investigate the local stability of the two systems. To achieve chaos control, we employ the state feedback control method for both systems. Numerical simulations are conducted to gain insights into the qualitative behavior of these systems. By conducting numerical simulations, we gain valuable insights into the role played by the perturbation parameter and the discrete delays in the bifurcation behavior of each system. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical application of the chaos control method through the implementation of an on-off strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a well-known nonlinear tool, mathematical morphology (MM) is still active in image processing. Benefiting from the fixed structuring element (SE), traditional MM (TMM) gets solid theoretical foundation. However, due to the inherent diversity of pixels in an image, the rigid SE paradigm is not always practical. As a result, the development of morphology with adaptive SE, known as adaptive MM (AMM), has been a significant challenge. In this work, we present a novel approach for designing adaptive SE using the a-cut of a fuzzy set. By implementing dilation and erosion operations serially, we obtain an AMM (named SAMM) that is both adaptive to image content and robust to noise. Additionally, the operators in SAMM inherit important properties from TMM as much as possible. We provide theoretical proofs and simulated results to support our conclusion. Preliminary experiments on edge detection and noise reduction confirm the effectiveness of our SAMM both quantitatively and perceptually. In the denoising experiments, SAMM achieves the best performance in the nine algorithms involved, with its PSNR value surpassing the second-ranked approach by more than 0.6 dB overall. Additionally, its SSIM quantification metric also ranks prominently among the top performers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latarjet procedure is widely used to address anterior shoulder instability, especially in case of glenoid bone loss. Recently, cortical suture button fixation for coracoid transfer has been used to mitigate complications seen with screw placement. The aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the stability of a novel and cost-effective cow-hitch suture button technique, designed to be performed through a standard open deltopectoral approach, and compare this to a well-established double suture button technique. We randomly assigned 12 fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders to undergo the Latarjet procedure with either 4 suture button (S&N EndoButton) fixations (SB group; n = 6, age 72 ± 9.8 years) or cow-hitch suture button technique using a 1.7-mm FiberTape looped sequentially in 2 suture buttons (Arthrex Pectoralis Button) placed from anterior on the posterior glenoid (CH-SB group; n = 6, age 73 ± 9.3 years). After fixation, all shoulders underwent biomechanical testing with direct loading on the graft via a material testing system. Cyclic loading was performed for 100 cycles (10-100 N) to determine axial displacement with time; each graft was then monotonically loaded to failure. The maximum cyclic displacement was 4.3 ± 1.6 mm for the cow-hitch suture button technique and 5.0 ± 1.7 mm for the standard double suture button technique (P =.46). Ultimate load to failure and stiffness were, respectively, 190 ± 82 N and 221 ± 124 N/mm for the CH-SB technique and 172 ± 48 N and 173 ± 34 N/mm for the standard double SB technique (P =.66 and.43). The most common failure mode was suture cut-through at the anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid for both fixation groups. The cow-hitch suture button technique resulted in a similar elongation, stiffness, and failure load compared to an established double suture button technique. Therefore, this cost-effective fixation may be an alternative, eligible for open approaches, to the established double suture button techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]