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Graphical abstract:

The self assembled monolayers (SAM) have become in the most popular strategy for design and generate surfaces characterizing by specific functional organic groups. The aimed of this work is applied this SAM as optical transducer in biosensors. The techniques, Infrared (in ATR mode) and UV/Vis spectroscopy have been used to study the films generated in each step in the self assembled process. The SAM was generated as follow; first silane group was added to the glass substrate. After that, the substrates were immersed in a solution containing carbomiide group (EDC). Finally the spiropyran 1',3'-Dihydro-8-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole] was attached to functionalized slides. In each process absorbance was analyzed by UV/Vis (270 to 500 nm) and FTIR (650 to 1800 cm-1). In UV, the spectra shows an absorbance band centered at 280 associated to EDC film and a lower intensity band centered at 380 nm associated to spiropyran. In FTIR spectra, the Si-Si and Si-O bond are present below the 1250 cm-1. The EDC film shows very weak bands in the region from 1300 to 1800 cm-1. For the spiropyran film the band associated to the C-N, N-O, C=C, C-H and aromatic ring have a very well defined peaks. Once the transducer bands were detected, it was immersed in glucose solution; the infrared spectral show bands are associated to glucose in the transducer.

The genus Capsicum provides antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and carotenoids, into the diet. In Mexico, there is a wide diversity of species and varieties of chilli peppers, a fruit which has local cultural and gastronomic importance. In the present study, the relationship of the carotenoid and phenolic profiles with the RAPD fingerprint of three different commercial cultivars of chilli peppers of seven regions of Mexico was investigated. Through RAPD, the species of chilli were differentiated by means of different primers (OPE-18, MFG-17, MFG-18, C51, and C52). The genetic distance found with OPE 18 was in the order of 2.6. The observed differences were maintained when the chromatographic profile of carotenoids, and the molecular markers were analyzed, which suggest a close relationship between carotenoids and the genetic profile. While the chromatographic profile of phenols and the molecular markers were unable to differentiate between genotypes of chilli peppers. In addition, by using infrared spectroscopy and statistical PCA, differences explained by geographic origin were found. Thus, this method could be an alternative for identification of chilli species with respect to their geographic origin.