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This research study aims to comprehensively examine and compare the growth of Electronic filing of returns associated with Income Tax in the 28 states of India. It examines the correlation between the states of India and the adoption of e-filing for income tax, aiming to understand variations in e-filing growth among large, medium, and small states.Using data from the department of Income Tax, this study analyzed E-filing trends spanning from 2011-12 to 2022-23. The states were categorized according to their population sizes. Data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel, and the statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and various tests conducted in Jamovi software.The findings of this study reveal a consistent upward trend in E-filing of tax returns across large, medium, and small states in India. Maharashtra distinguishes itself as the leading state in terms of performance among the large states, Punjab leads in the medium state category, and Goa excels among small states regarding adoption and use of E-filing of retuns.This research contributes value by offering a comprehensive analysis of E-filing trends within different state categories in India, providing a deeper understanding of the variations and significant differences among states in their adoption of electronic income tax filing methods.

Our primary objectives in this study were to translate and provide psychometric support for the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) Portuguese version, assess its invariance across sex, and explore its nomological validity in relation to enjoyment. Our sample participants were 470 athletes (226 females, 244 males) aged between 16 to 39 years from various individual and team sports. We found that the translated Portuguese version of the CART-Q exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the core constructs of the coach-athlete relationship – closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Moreover, this instrument showed evidence of nomological validity through significant positive correlations between its underlying factors and athletes' enjoyment with their sport. The proposed model for explaining item variance was also found to be invariant between male and female respondents. We recommend further use of this instrument in research and practical applications.

Root exudates mediate plant interactions in the environment, and they are affected by physical, chemical and biological factors. Biocontrol agents can modify root exudates and influence plant–pathogen interactions. In this study, we showed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a host of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, produced root exudates that attracted the second-stage juveniles (J2s) of this nematode and garlic (Allium sativum), an antagonistic plant, produced exudates that repelled them. However, the application of a commercial product containing Bacillus subtilison lettuce roots made the exudates repellent to J2s of M. incognita, whereas treated garlic exudates were as attractive to the J2s as untreated lettuce. The repulsive behavior of M. incognitato exudates of roots colonized by biocontrol agents is common; however, the attractiveness of treated garlic root exudates was unexpected and not previously reported for non-host plants. Chemotaxis assays also showed that the commercial formulation of B. subtiliswas repellent to J2s of M. incognita. The metabolomic analysis conducted on these samples unveiled a combined total of 34 compounds. There was an elevation in the levels of amino acids and peptides in samples that were inoculated with the commercial product. Additionally, certain metabolites appear to be connected to chemotaxis. These metabolic changes induced by the commercial product are interesting for field utilization in a dual control strategy, where lettuce is protected against the nematode due to its repellence and garlic becomes attractive, but is not infected by the nematode.

Peptide dendrimers are a type of branched, symmetric, and topologically well-defined molecule that have already been used as delivery systems for nucleic acid transfection. Several of the most promising sequences showed high efficiency in many key steps of transfection, namely, binding siRNA, entering cells, and evading the endosome. However, small changes to the peptide dendrimers, such as in the hydrophobic core, the amino acid chirality, or the total available charges, led to significantly different experimental results with unclear mechanistic insights. In this work, we built a computational model of several of those peptide dendrimers (MH18, MH13, and MH47) and some of their variants to study the molecular details of the structure and function of these molecules. We performed CpHMD simulations in the aqueous phase and in interaction with a lipid bilayer to assess how conformation and protonation are affected by pH in different environments. We found that while the different peptide dendrimer sequences lead to no substantial structural differences in the aqueous phase, the total charge and, more importantly, the total charge density are key for the capacity of the dendrimer to interact and destabilize the membrane. These dendrimers become highly charged when the pH changes from 7.5 to 4.5, and the presence of a high charge density, which is decreased for MH47 that has four fewer titratable lysines, is essential to trigger membrane destabilization. These findings are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and help us to understand the high efficiency of some dendrimers and why the dendrimer MH47 is unable to complete the transfection process. This evidence provides further understanding of the mode of action of these peptide dendrimers and will be pivotal for the future design of new sequences with improved transfection capabilities.

We aimed to explore a short period longitudinal interplay between athletes’ enjoyment and their self-determined motivation and motivational climate in youth football. We recruited 109 youth football athletes (79 males, 30 females) through a convenient sampling method. We included individuals within the 12–17-year-old age range, with a mean age of 14.31 (SD= 1.46) years. To examine these proposed associations, we performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses and found that enjoyment at pre-season assessment (T1) and self-determined motivation and a task-involving sport climate at mid-season (T2) were significant predictors of mid-season enjoyment (at T2). However, self-determined motivation and task-involving climate at T1 did not significantly contribute to the model. These findings emphasize the importance of initial enjoyment and an evolved self-determined motivation, and task-involving climate in understanding later enjoyment in sport. Coaches, practitioners, and policymakers should prioritize strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation, provide opportunities for autonomy, and cultivate a supportive and growth-oriented environment.

Context: Physical exercise (PE) is an effective treatment for depression, alone or as an adjunct.Objective: There is a lack of indicators regarding the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of physical exercise (PE). This study aims to synthesize and analyze the dose-effect of different PE protocols in adult subjects in the treatment of depression, based on the analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data Sources: The search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases.Study Selection: Studies with an exercise-based intervention published by December 31, 2021 were identified. RCTs and meta-analyses involving adults with depression were also included; 10 studies were selected, including a total of 956 subjects.Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Level of Evidence: Level 1.Results: Effect sizes were summarized using standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval) by effected randomized models. The results reinforce that exercise appears to be beneficial in improving depression among adults aged 18 to 65 years. Interventions lasting above 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity and group interventions seem to have a more significant effect on reducing depression. Studies have revealed that aerobic exercise, compared with resistance or flexibility, has a more positive effect on depression.Conclusion: PE can be a way to reduce depression and can be used as a possible adjunctive tool for pharmacological and/or alternative treatments. Considering the findings of this study, it is important that health professionals (eg, exercise physiologists, physicians, nurses, psychologists) promote the practice of PE as a complementary alternative and act early to prevent the worsening of depression.PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020188909

In this edition of the Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Corner we expand on the UniQure AMT-130 and on the Neurocrine Biosciences KINECT-HD trials, and list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials in Huntington’s disease.

In this study, we aimed to examine empirically the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance model (PAAM). We collected data on these variables at baseline (T0) and 6-months later (T1). We recruited 119 participants (42 male, 77 female) aged 18–81 years old (Mage= 44.89, SD= 12.95). who reported, at baseline, that they exercised an average of 3.76 days per week (SD= 1.33) in training periods lasting 15–60 minutes (M= 38.69; SD= 23.28). We conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test the association between each determinant (intentions, habits, and frequency) and future exercise adherence. We tested four models by entering blocks of predictors according to PAAM assumptions. The variance change (R2) between the first and fourth models (ΔR2= .391) was statistically significant, showing that the fourth model accounted for 51.2% of variance for future exercise adherence, F (6, 112) = 21.631, p< .001, R2= .73, adjusted R2= .512. Exercise intention at T1 maintained its significant association (p= .021) with exercise frequency at T1 in all tested models. Exercise frequency at T0 was the most significant predictor (p< .01) of future exercise adherence, with past experience the second most significant predictor (p= .013). Interestingly, exercise habits at T1 and T0 did not predict exercise frequency at T1 in the fourth model. Among the variables we studied, having constantly high exercise intentions and high regular exercise frequency are significantly associated with maintaining or increasing regular future exercise behavior.

The basal ganglia are thought to contribute to decision-making and motor control. These functions are critically dependent on timing information, which can be extracted from the evolving state of neural populations in their main input structure, the striatum. However, it is debated whether striatal activity underlies latent, dynamic decision processes or kinematics of overt movement. Here, we measured the impact of temperature on striatal population activity and the behavior of rats, and compared the observed effects with neural activity and behavior collected in multiple versions of a temporal categorization task. Cooling caused dilation, and warming contraction, of both neural activity and patterns of judgment in time, mimicking endogenous decision-related variability in striatal activity. However, temperature did not similarly affect movement kinematics. These data provide compelling evidence that the timecourse of evolving striatal activity dictates the speed of a latent process that is used to guide choices, but not continuous motor control. More broadly, they establish temporal scaling of population activity as a likely neural basis for variability in timing behavior.

Protein aggregation is a complex process, strongly dependent on environmental conditions and highly structurally heterogeneous, both at the final level of fibril structure and intermediate level of oligomerization. Since the first step in aggregation is the formation of a dimer, it is important to clarify how certain properties of the latter (e.g., stability or interface geometry) may play a role in self-association. Here, we report a simple model that represents the dimer’s interfacial region by two angles and combine it with a simple computational method to investigate how modulations of the interfacial region occurring on the ns−μs time scale change the dimer’s growth mode. To illustrate the proposed methodology, we consider 15 different dimer configurations of the β2m D76N mutant protein equilibrated with long Molecular Dynamics simulations and identify which interfaces lead to limited and unlimited growth modes, having, therefore, different aggregation profiles. We found that despite the highly dynamic nature of the starting configurations, most polymeric growth modes tend to be conserved within the studied time scale. The proposed methodology performs remarkably well taking into consideration the nonspherical morphology of the β2m dimers, which exhibit unstructured termini detached from the protein’s core, and the relatively weak binding affinities of their interfaces, which are stabilized by nonspecific apolar interactions. The proposed methodology is general and can be applied to any protein for which a dimer structure has been experimentally determined or computationally predicted.

Our purpose with this study was to analyze trail runners’ psychological variables of mental toughness (MT) and resilience, and their associations with runners’ performances within a quantitative cross-sectional study. In total, we analyzed data from 307 Portuguese trail runners (60 female, 247 male), aged between 20 to 66 years (Mage = 41.98; SD= 7.74). The results showed that the measurement model, including the factors of MT, resilience, and performance variables, exhibited an adequate fit to the data: χ2= 150.01 (74); BS-p= .003; CFI= .953; TLI = .942; RMSEA = .058 90% (.045, .071) and SRMR= .042. Standardized direct effects revealed positive associations between these variables. More specifically: (a) MT was significantly associated with resilience; and (b) resilience was significantly associated with performance. The indirect regression paths showed that MT was positively associated with performance, with resilience considered a possible mediator (β= .09 IC = .010, .168; p= .02). In total, considering direct and indirect effects, the model explained 21% of performance variance among trail runners.

We investigated whether the relationship between significant others’ social support and adolescents’ physical activity (PA) is mediated by perceived barriers and benefits of PA. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 497 adolescents (girls = 272, boys = 225) aged between 12-18 years (M= 15.87, SD= 1.43) from six different middle and secondary schools. We collected data regarding social cognitive variables and PA with self-report measures and calculated the metabolic equivalent of total amount PA. We performed structural equation modeling and mediation analyses and found our proposed models fit the data. In girls, perceived PA benefits mediated the association between support provided by friends (β = .13; IC 95% = .02 .29), a best friend (β = .14; IC 95% = .03, .33), and parents (β = .07; IC 95% = .01, .18), and PA. Similarly in boys, perceived PA benefits partially mediated the association between support provided by parents (β = .09; IC 95% = .04, .37), friends (β = .11; IC 95% = .05, .40), and a best friend (β = .10; IC 95% = .05, .40) and PA. Perceived barriers to PA did not display any significant mediation role for either sex. Interventions to foster others’ support for PA, especially from a best friend, are important for promoting PA among adolescents.

The impact of pH on proteins is significant but often neglected in molecular dynamics simulations. Constant-pH Molecular Dynamics (CpHMD) is the state-of-the-art methodology to deal with these effects. However, it still lacks widespread adoption by the scientific community. The stochastic titration CpHMD is one of such methods that, until now, only supported the GROMOS force field family. Here, we extend this method’s implementation to include the CHARMM36m force field available in the GROMACS software package. We test this new implementation with a diverse group of proteins, namely, lysozyme, Staphylococcal nuclease, and human and E. colithioredoxins. All proteins were conformationally stable in the simulations, even at extreme pH values. The RMSE values (pKaprediction vs experimental) obtained were very encouraging, in particular for lysozyme and human thioredoxin. We have also identified a few residues that challenged the CpHMD simulations, highlighting scenarios where the method still needs improvement independently of the force field. The CHARMM36m all-atom implementation was more computationally efficient when compared with the GROMOS 54A7, taking advantage of a shorter nonbonded interaction cutoff and a less frequent neighboring list update. The new extension will allow the study of pH effects in many systems for which this force field is particularly suited, i.e., proteins, membrane proteins, lipid bilayers, and nucleic acids.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between regular physical exercise and affective responses to the behaviour, and to investigate the relationship with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and vitality. In total, 264 Portuguese exercisers (female = 157) aged between 18 and 69 years (M = 12.93; SD = 1.49) were considered for analysis in this study. Participants were regular exercisers with a mean year experience of 5.73 (SD = 3.19). Looking at the results, the structural model displayed acceptable fit to the data: χ2(314) = 515.904; p < .001; CFI = .928; TLI = .919; RMSEA .049 [.042, .057]. Overall, significant direct effects were found as theoretically proposed, namely: exercise frequency displayed a positive and significant association with positive affect; positive affect was positively associated with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and subjective vitality; and, negative affect was negatively correlated with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and subjective vitality. Exercise frequency had a positive and significant indirect effect on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and subjective vitality via positive affect, but not via negative affect.

Background: Biomarkers are needed to monitor disease progression, target engagement and efficacy in Huntington’s disease (HD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal medium to research such biomarkers due to its proximity to the brain.Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of research lumbar punctures (LP) in HD.Methods: HDClarity is an ongoing international biofluid collection initiative built on the Enroll-HD platform, where clinical assessments are recorded. It aims to recruit 1,200 participants. Biosamples are collected following an overnight fast: blood via venipuncture and CSF via LP. Participants are healthy controls and HD gene expansion carriers across the disease spectrum. We report on monitored data from February 2016 to September 2019.Results: Of 448 participants screened, 398 underwent at least 1 sampling visit, of which 98.24% were successful (i.e., CSF was collected), amounting to 10,610?mL of CSF and 8,200?mL of plasma. In the total 572 sampling visits, adverse events were reported in 24.13%, and headaches of any kind and post-LP headaches in 14.86% and 12.24%, respectively. Frequencies were less in manifest HD; gender, age, body mass index and disease burden score were not associated with the occurrence of the events in gene expansion carriers. Headaches and back pain were the most frequent adverse events.Conclusion: HDClarity is the largest CSF collection initiative to support scientific research into HD and is now stablished as a leading resource for HD research. Our data confirm that research LP in HD are feasible and acceptable to the community, and have a manageable safety profile.

Biomarkers are needed to monitor disease progression, target engagement and efficacy in Huntington’s disease (HD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal medium to research such biomarkers due to its proximity to the brain. To investigate the safety and feasibility of research lumbar punctures (LP) in HD. HDClarity is an ongoing international biofluid collection initiative built on the Enroll-HD platform, where clinical assessments are recorded. It aims to recruit 1,200 participants. Biosamples are collected following an overnight fast: blood via venipuncture and CSF via LP. Participants are healthy controls and HD gene expansion carriers across the disease spectrum. We report on monitored data from February 2016 to September 2019. Of 448 participants screened, 398 underwent at least 1 sampling visit, of which 98.24% were successful (i.e., CSF was collected), amounting to 10,610 mL of CSF and 8,200 mL of plasma. In the total 572 sampling visits, adverse events were reported in 24.13%, and headaches of any kind and post-LP headaches in 14.86% and 12.24%, respectively. Frequencies were less in manifest HD; gender, age, body mass index and disease burden score were not associated with the occurrence of the events in gene expansion carriers. Headaches and back pain were the most frequent adverse events. HDClarity is the largest CSF collection initiative to support scientific research into HD and is now stablished as a leading resource for HD research. Our data confirm that research LP in HD are feasible and acceptable to the community, and have a manageable safety profile.

This research explored the nature of basic psychological needs in physical activity settings by applying relatively advanced methodological procedures for psychometric assessment. We first re-examined the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) by reviewing its applicability for physical activity domains among Portuguese respondents. We demonstrated the use of Bifactor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and discussed the practical implications of these models. Next, we tested contextual measurement invariance in order to examine needs universality. Our participants were gym exercisers (n = 1935), physical education students (n = 1449), and athletes (n = 1631), all of whom completed the adapted and validated version of the scale in their respective practice physical activity domains. All models under analysis displayed acceptable to excellent fit; the bifactor ESEM model displayed the best fit. We conducted ancillary bifactor measures to assess scale dimensionality and found that the BPNES is best interpreted as a multidimensional instrument. Through testing for multigroup analysis, the bifactor ESEM did not show contextual invariance. In conclusion, the BPNES should be predominantly used as a multidimensional instrument when assessing basic needs in separate physical activity domains. Basic psychological needs are perceived differently between seemingly similar physical activity contexts. Researchers should measure basic needs as a global factor and use context validated sub-scales.

Previous studies have investigated the impact of exercisers’ perceptions of health professionals’ interpersonal behaviors on exercisers’ exercise adherence. From these studies, there is increased interest in developing and evaluating programs to improve health professionals’ communication skills and interpersonal behavior. In this narrative review, we provide examples of self-determination theory and newer modifications to it, discuss the empirical conditions that foster optimal exerciser motivation, consider the antecedent factors influencing health professionals’ behaviors, and offer practical suggestions to health professionals seeking to promote regular exercise practice. Since exercisers perceive and differentiate health professionals’ need-supportive, need-thwarting, and need-passive behaviors, health professionals who can critically and consciously distinguish these different types of behavior are more likely to foster supportive climates and suppress the use of need-thwarting and need-indifferent behaviors. The interpersonal interaction between health professionals and exercisers strongly influences how exercisers will regulate their behavior toward persistent exercise.

The present study explored the associations between perceived benefits of physical activity, social support provided by the best friend, vigorous-intensity physical activity, and global self-worth in male and female adolescents. In total, 462 adolescents (female=259), aged between 12-18 years (M= 16.16, SD=1.60) from different middle and secondary schools participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling analysis were performed to evaluate the proposed associations. Self-reported instruments were used to collect both vigorous-intensity physical activity and psychosocial variables under analysis. The hypothesized model provided acceptable fit to the data in all samples under analysis. Significant associations were found between variables, namely: Perceived benefits displayed a significant association with social support provided by the best friend; social support provided by the best friend was significantly associated with vigorous-intensity physical activity; and, vigorous-intensity physical activity displayed a significant association with global self-worth. The indirect regression paths showed the mediation role of social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity in the interaction between perceived benefits and global self-worth. These associations were displayed in both male and female adolescents. Perceived benefits of physical activity, social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity appears to be important antecedents of global self-worth in male and female adolescents. It seems that the social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity play a mediation role in the association between perceived benefits of physical activity and global self-worth.

El presente estudio analiza las relaciones entre los beneficios percibidos de la actividad física, el apoyo social proporcionado por el/la mejor amigo/a, la actividad física de alta intensidad y la autoestima global en adolescentes de ambos sexos. Participan en el estudio un total de 462 adolescentes (mujeres = 259), con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 18 años (M= 16.16, DT= 1.60), de distintos colegios de educación media y secundaria. Se han llevado a cabo análisis factoriales confirmatorios y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales para obtener relaciones entre las variables. Se han utilizado instrumentos de autoinforme para recopilar información sobre la actividad física de alta intensidad, así como de las variables psicosociales analizadas. El modelo hipotético propuesto muestra un ajuste aceptable a los datos en todas las muestras bajo análisis. Se encuentran relaciones significativas entre las variables, a saber: los beneficios percibidos muestran una relación significativa con el apoyo social proporcionado por el mejor amigo; el apoyo social proporcionado por el mejor amigo se asocia de forma significativa con la actividad física de alta intensidad; y la actividad física de alta intensidad muestra una relación significativa con la autoestima global. Las trayectorias de regresión indirecta muestran el rol mediador del apoyo social proporcionado por el mejor amigo y la actividad física de alta intensidad en la relación entre los beneficios percibidos y la autoestima global. Estas asociaciones se muestran tanto en adolescentes de sexo masculino como femenino. Los beneficios percibidos de la actividad física, el apoyo social proporcionado por el mejor amigo y la actividad física de alta intensidad parecen ser importantes antecedentes de la autoestima global en adolescentes. Además, parece que el apoyo social proporcionado por el mejor amigo y la actividad física de alta intensidad juegan un papel mediador en la asociación entre los beneficios percibidos de la actividad física y la autoestima global.

Spatiotemporal problems are ubiquitous and of vital importance in many research fields. Despite the potential already demonstrated by deep learning methods in modeling spatiotemporal data, typical approaches tend to focus solely on conditional expectations of the output variables being modeled. In this article, we propose a multioutput multiquantile deep learning approach for jointly modeling several conditional quantiles together with the conditional expectation as a way to provide a more complete “picture” of the predictive density in spatiotemporal problems. Using two large-scale data sets from the transportation domain, we empirically demonstrate that, by approaching the quantile regression problem from a multitask learning perspective, it is possible to solve the embarrassing quantile crossings problem while simultaneously significantly outperforming state-of-the-art quantile regression methods. Moreover, we show that jointly modeling the mean and several conditional quantiles not only provides a rich description about the predictive density that can capture heteroscedastic properties at a neglectable computational overhead but also leads to improved predictions of the conditional expectation due to the extra information and the regularization effect induced by the added quantiles.

New drugs for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were approved, first in the pos-docetaxel and then in the pre-docetaxel setting. We aim to assess the real daily practice benefit of abiraterone (Abi), enzalutamide (Enz) and cabazitaxel (Cab) in patients with mCRPC, compare it with RCT results and compare Abi vs Enz.

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale for Portuguese exercisers. In addition, we sought to analyze gender invariance. We collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese respondents—a calibration sample with 316 participants and a validation sample with 632 participants. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the original six-factor model in both the calibration sample, χ2(237) = 471.814, χ2/df= 1.99; B–S p< .001, Comparative Fit Index = .935, Tucker–Lewis Index =.924, standard mean root square residual = .047, root mean square error of approximation = .057 (90% confidence interval = [.050, .065]), and the validation sample, χ2(237) = 571.796, χ2/df= 2.41; B–S p< .001, Comparative Fit Index = .948, Tucker–Lewis Index = .940, standard mean root square residual = .038, root mean square error of approximation = .047 (90% confidence interval = [.042, .052]). Moreover, our analysis revealed acceptable internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity of the translated version, and invariance between the two samples and between genders, as differences across latent means showed that magnitude effects were trivial between samples and between male and female exercisers. These results support the use of the adapted scale among both male and female exercisers.

In this edition of the Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Corner we expand on the HD-DBS and on the TRIHEP3 trials, and we list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials in Huntington’s disease.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the original version of the Passion Scale (14 items, two factors). We tested it within a sample of mixed gender Portuguese athletes from different sports, including adapted sports. In addition to demonstrating reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analyses of the Passion Scale, we sought to analyze the invariance of this measure between males and females and across six types of sports (soccer, futsal, swimming, surf, bodyboard, and adapted sports). We recruited 1,316 athletes to test this scale from both genders (1,109 males; 207 females), aged 14–59 years (M= 21.83; SD= 8.67). Our main results revealed weaknesses in the factor model for the original instrument (14 items and two factors) leading us to reject the model. However, after adapting the model (to eight items and two factors), the psychometric properties of the Passion Scale improved substantially and then exhibited (a) good fit to the data and (b) invariance between gender and across sports. Our new proposed version of the Passion Scale can be used with confidence to analyze the passion athletes feel when practicing their sport.

This study aimed to analyze measurement invariance of the Behavioral Regulation Sports Questionnaire (BRSQ) across gender and four different sports. In addition, we examined nomological validity via basic psychological needs satisfaction. Participants totaled 1,812 Portuguese athletes (1,220 males and 592 females; aged 15–59 years, Mage = 17.72, SD= 5.51) from football (n= 596), basketball (n= 273), swimming (n= 800), and parasport (n= 143). The BRSQ measurement model was invariant across gender and these four sports. The scale confirmed nomological validity in that satisfaction of basic psychological needs positively predicted autonomous forms of motivation and negatively predicted more controlled motivation and amotivation as suggested by self-determination theory. In light of this evidence for BRSQ construct validity, composite reliability, nomological validity, and invariance across gender and four different sports, this scale is a useful tool for coaches of the aforementioned sports in their efforts to evaluate their athletes' motivation.

In this edition of the Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Corner we expand on the GENERATION-HD1 and PACE-HD trials, and we list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials in Huntington’s disease.

Accurate and reliable predictions for bus arrival in public transport networks are essential for delivering an attractive service. This paper presents a multi-model approach for bus arrival prediction. The approach uses three distinct sub-models in an ensemble model. A multi-output, multi-time-step, deep neural network using Convolutional and Long short-term memory (LSTM) layers is used for travel time, and more simplistic models are used for dwell time and seasonal components. The method is empirically evaluated and compared to other popular approaches. We find that the proposed model saturations outperforms the other methods, while in other saturations performs similar.

In the third edition of the Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Corner we list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials, expand on the SIGNAL trial (NCT02481674), and cover the recently finished CREST-E trial (NCT00712426).

In the second edition of the Huntington’s Disease Clinical Trials Corner we list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials, summarise the top-line results of the recently-announced IONIS-HTTRXtrial (NCT02519036), expand on Wave Life Sciences’ PRECISION-HD1 (NCT03225833) and PRECISION-HD2 (NCT03225846), and cover one recently finished trial: the FIRST-HD deutetrabenazine trial (NCT01795859).

Introduction Cerebrovascular diseases are the most frequent risk factor for epilepsy in the elderly, and epileptic phenomenon following stroke is known to worsen the prognosis. Although electroencephalography is the gold standard epilepsy biomarker, it is rarely used in post-stroke studies, and the frequency of post-stroke epileptiform activity is still uncertain.Patients and methods We analysed studies indexed to MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and OpenGrey (up to March 2015), reporting post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity frequency in adults. Epileptiform activity was classified as ictal (electrographic seizures) and interictal (non-periodic spikes and sharp waves). Data selection, extraction and appraisal were done in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool frequencies.Results The pooled frequency of post-stroke ictal and interictal epileptiform activity was 7% (95% CI 3%–12%) and 8% (95% CI 4%–13%), respectively. The use of continuous electroencephalogram was not associated with an increased frequency of electrographic seizures (p= 0.05), nor did the management setting (Intensive Care Unit versus non- Intensive Care Unit, p= 0.31). However, studies with continuous electroencephalogram showed a higher frequency of interictal epileptiform activity (p= 0.01).Discussion This study provides the best available estimates of the frequency of post-stroke electroencephalographic epileptiform activity. Due to detection bias, it was not possible to correlate clinical and electrographic seizures.Conclusion The frequency of ictal and interictal epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram was comparable with previous frequency analyses of clinical seizures. The frequency of ictal epileptiform activity did not change with continuous record or clinical setting, while the frequency of interictal epileptiform activity increased with continuous record.

Clinical Trials Corner of Journal of Huntington’s Disease will regularly review ongoing and recently completed clinical trials in Huntington’s disease. In this inaugural issue, we list all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials, expand on LEGATO-HD and IONIS-HTTRx, and cover two recently finished trials: Amaryllis and Pride-HD.

Because of environmental and economic stress, current strong investment in adaptive transport systems can efficiently use capacity, minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The common vision is of a system that dynamically changes itself (the supply) to anticipate the needs of travelers (the demand). In some occasions, unexpected and unwanted demand patterns are noticed in the traffic network; these patterns lead to system failures and cost implications. Significantly, low speeds or excessively low flows at an unforeseeable time are only some of the phenomena that are often noticed and need to be explained for a transport system to develop a better future response. The objective of this research was the formulation of a methodology that could identify anomalies on traffic networks and correlate them with special events by using Internet data. The main subject of interest in this study was the investigation of why traffic congestion was occurring as well as why demand fluctuated on days when there were no apparent reasons for such phenomena. The system was evaluated by using Google’s public data set for taxi trips in New York City. A “normality” baseline was defined at the outset and then used in the subsequent study of the demand patterns of individual days to detect outliers. With the use of this approach it was possible to detect fluctuations in demand and to analyze and correlate them with disruptive event scenarios such as extreme weather conditions, public holidays, religious festivities, and parades. Kernel density analysis was used so that the affected areas, as well as the significance of the observed differences compared with the average day, could be depicted.