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Gastrointestinal mast cell sarcoma is a rare variant of mastocytosis. It is a unifocal tumor with high destructive capacity and metastatic potential. Diagnosis of mast cell sarcoma can be challenging and might be so delayed that unfavorable prognosis may be expected. In this case report, we will describe our experience with a case of mast cell sarcoma in the small intestine of an elderly woman, which was diagnosed early on throughout the course of her disease and successfully treated. The patient was a 59-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, flushing, weight loss, and vomiting. Imaging studies supported the existence of an infiltrative neoplasm in the jejunum. Then, surgical removal of the tumor was performed. The presence of mast cells in the resected tumor was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and Giemsa staining. After almost a year of follow-up, the patient’s overall condition was fine, and no signs of recurrence were found. This is the first reported case of successfully treated gastrointestinal mast cell sarcoma. All of the previously reported cases had been diagnosed after recurrence with no response to treatment. Our case shows the significance of early diagnosis and treatment in this condition and its impact on outcome and prognosis. That could be achieved only if the pathologist has a high suspicion for this rare disease and keeps it in the back of one’s mind.

There is a huge disparity in cancer incidence and mortality around the globe. A considerable share of this disparity can be explained by human development. Particularly in many less developed countries, women have been hindered in their human development. In this ecological study, we hypothesize that, notwithstanding acceptable overall development in countries, gender inequalities might affect the incidence and mortality of women's malignancies, and there is a distinct association between them.

A novel lanthanum (III) complex with 8-Hq = 8-hydroxy quinoline and phen-dione = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione was synthesized using the reflux method. The complex was characterized using elemental analyses, cyclic voltammetry technique, electronic absorption spectroscopy, H-NMR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, La2O2(SO4) nanostructure (NS La-s) was obtained from the lanthanum (III) complex as a precursor after calcination at 700 °C for 4 h. The thermal stability of nanostructure was determined by the thermal gravimetric method. SEM results showed that the morphology of La2O2(SO4) was spiral-like. The cytotoxicity of La-s NS was studied using cell viability assay on neuroblastoma-N2a cell line culture. The results ranked the cytotoxicity activity of La-s NS in N2a cell line to IC50=  ~ 22 μg mL− 1.

Bladder cancer incurs the highest lifetime treatment cost per patient among various cancers. Current guidelines endorse several cisplatin-based regimens as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This cost-utility analysis aimed to compare 2 primary neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens—dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (dd-MVAC) and gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC)—for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, providing economic evidence to inform treatment guidelines in Iran.

Drug-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with ex-act control over size and homogeneity were created using a glass microfluidic cross-junction droplet generator. A numerical simulation based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is used to study the behavior of two immiscible fluids that are injected into the microdevice: hydrophobic drug and (PLGA) in dichloromethane (DCM) serving as the dispersed phase and aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the continuous phase. The simulation predicts the created emulsion droplet size regulation by adjusting the phase’s flow rate. In a procedure known as droplet shrinking, dichloromethane extraction, and evaporation took place to further transform the monodisperse emulsion into PLGA microparticles. A numerical relationship is also given for the variations in the volume of droplets during shrinkage. The numerical results were consistent with the experiments. To further illustrate this technique’s ability to manufacture designed microspheres with the least amount of repeated experiments, as well as the importance of the droplet microfluidic approach in terms of regulating diameter and monodispersity, opioid antagonist naltrexone is loaded in PLGA microspheres. According to the findings, integrating a versatile microfluidic approach with numerical methodologies enables the development of more reliable and reproducible drug delivery systems.

Two typical metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e. tris(pyridine-2-carboxylato)-cobalt(III) monohydrate (MOF-1) and (μ2-pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylato)(pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylato) pentaaqua dicobalt(II)dihydrate (MOF-2) were employed for preparation of cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts. Both MOF-derived catalysts were obtained by direct pyrolysis in N2atmosphere at 500 °C. The pyrolysis of desired MOFs resulted nanoparticles embedded in the porous carbon matrix. Such catalysts can serve as useful catalysts for FT synthesis. Co-MOF-1 derived catalyst exhibited carbon monoxide conversion of 74.8% and selectivity towards long-chain hydrocarbons (C5+) of 49.2%. Also, it showed selectivity for short-chain hydrocarbons (C2–C4) of 36.19% for 50 h on steam while Co-MOF-2 derived catalyst displayed CO conversion of 81.6% and selectivity for long-chain hydrocarbons (C5+) and short-chain hydrocarbons of 56.8% and 28.2%. The superb activity and catalytic efficiency can be ascribed to the MOF precursors structures. This study investigated the relationship between MOF structure and catalytic performance and presented a new approach to design novel super active catalysts with preferable selectivity for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis by opting the suitable MOF precursors.

The preparation of Fe3O4–NiCr2O4nano-oxide (2) is reported via thermal decomposition of [Fe(phen)2(H2O)2]2[(ox)2Cr(μ-ox)Ni(phen)(μ-ox)Cr(ox)2] (1) [phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; ox = oxalate] precursor complex for the first time. The complex 1was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermal stability of complex 1was also investigated. The composition of the nano oxide 2was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and the cubic structure, was supported by powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, uniform morphology of the nano-oxide was illustrated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The elemental mapping was carried out and presented the distribution of Cr, Fe and Ni ions in nano oxide. In vitro antibacterial activity of 2was investigated by using IZ and bacterium as per the colony count method against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria. All the experiments revealed that the nano oxide had good effect on deactivating of bacteria. Finally, ferromagnetic behavior of 1and paramagnetic feature of 2were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.

Petroleum hydrocarbons are potential sources of soil and water contamination. There are various clean-up technologies for removal of these crude spilled oil pollutants, such as microorganisms of different ecosystems. In the present study the capability of an autochthonous Rhodococcus ruberKE1, which was previously isolated from Persian Gulf water and sediment (Khark Island, south part of Iran), was evaluated for biodegradation of the contaminated seawater by Iranian exported heavy crude oil. In the crude oil biodegradation, both biotic and abiotic factors should be considered. So biotic factors such as growth curve of the Rhodococcus ruberKE1 have been studied. Results demonstrated that the maximum colony count was achieved to 9.50 × 109 cfu mL−1after 26 h then reached to the death phase. The specific growth rate constant (μ) of the bacteria in logarithmic phase and mean generation times are calculated 0.10 h−1and 3.02 h, respectively. Also different physical parameters such as pH, temperature, crude oil concentration, and agitation speed were optimized to achieve the maximum degradation efficiency. The best results were obtained at pH 8.5, temperature 40 °C, agitation speed of 250 rpm, and crude oil concentration 1% (v/v). The related data showed that Rhodococcus ruberKE1 in favourable conditions was able to degrade about 90% of total hydrocarbons after a week. The residual was analyzed for nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds using CHNS technique. Total nitrogen and sulfur were decreased 48 and 44%, respectively. The ability of this specific strain, as a surfactant producer was investigated under optimal conditions. A reduction in surface tension from 60 (control) to 26 mN/m was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated Rhodococcus ruberKE1 from Persian Gulf, which has the ability to degrade crude oil and at the same time produce biosurfactant in a week’s time. The results indicated that autochthonous Rhodococcus ruberKE1 may be a good option to be utilized as a crude oil degrader.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that occurs mainly in young children and adolescents and is associated with primary and metastatic disease. Intramedullary ES (either primary or secondary) is rare, and the ideal management remains inconclusive. We herein report intramedullary and extramedullary metastatic ES in a single patient. A 46-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic from the oncology clinic with progressive paraparesis and paresthesia for 1 week prior to presentation. She had developed left clavicular ES 2 years earlier for which surgery and chemoradiotherapy had been performed. At the present evaluation, she was diagnosed with intramedullary thoracic and lumbar extradural masses. Thoracic surgery was performed, and a biopsy of the lesion was obtained. The diagnosis of ES was confirmed histopathologically, and she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Her neurological status did not improve after surgery, and she underwent rehabilitation and physical therapy. The lumbar lesion resolved with chemotherapy. Metastasis of ES to the spinal cord, especially intramedullary lesions, is extremely rare, and there is no standard management guideline. However, surgical decompression and adjuvant chemotherapy are the main treatments in these cases.

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in using renewable-based distributed generations (DGs) in microgrids (MGs). Therefore, the economic operation of MGs plays a vital role in reducing total daily costs and greenhouse gas emissions in the modern power system. This study presents a day-ahead optimization management for a grid-tied MG supplied by small-scale renewable energy sources (RESs) like photovoltaic (PV) systems. The major aim of the suggested optimal energy management system is to minimize the cost of RERs and storage facilities in the MG for power generation while satisfying technical constraints. In addition, an improved mathematical model is suggested for the PV power generation using real data for four dissimilar days. To attain accurate results, uncertainties in the generations, load demand, and market price are probabilistically modeled. To handle the optimization problem, the θ-modified krill herd (θ-MKH) algorithm is used. The suggested algorithm for solving the optimization problem is investigated on numerical examples with different RESs and storages in the MG and compared with conventional approaches. The results attained illustrate that the recommended algorithm can utilize the cheapest sources while covering technical constraints.

•Novel framework is developed in this paper for the MPPT algorithm.•Considering renewable energy resources in the presence of PV system.•The proposed system is suitable for partial shading conditions (PSC) and uniform conditions.•Comparative analysis is made between proposed Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm – SMC controller and conventional methods.

Different distributed generation (DG) technologies, active loads, and storage devices create an independent microgrid (MG). Scheduling of an MG is an important issue in renewable energy sources (RESs) based systems. In this paper, MGs include RESs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electrical energy storage systems. The proposed scheduling framework utilizes the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to characterize the uncertain parameters of PHEVs and RESs. Three different charging strategies are investigated for modeling the impact of different behaviors of PHEVs in MGs. These schemes are smart, controlled, and uncontrolled charging. Due to the nonlinear feature of the suggested optimization problem, it needs an efficient optimization tool to tackle the problem appropriately. So, this paper uses the backtracking search optimization (BSO) algorithm for the short-term scheduling of an MG. The proper performance of the offered scheme is investigated in two scenarios with different time horizons. The BSO algorithm and other optimization algorithms are used for comparing the results to verify the presented method in solving the energy management problem of the MGs.

•Proposing an environmental/economic model for optimal energy management.•Considering renewable energy resources in the presence of Photovoltaic and battery•Presenting modified bat algorithm (MBA) algorithm for optimizing Micro-grid•Reporting superior solutions in Short-Term Scheduling and Micro-grid Energy Management

Primary renal carcinoid tumors are quite rare. The pathogenesis of these tumors is unknown due to lack of enterochromaffin cells in the kidney. Because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and radiologic features, they are commonly misdiagnosed. Hence, Primary renal carcinoid tumors should be considered in differential diagnosis of any renal mass. In the present case, a 26-year-old woman was presented with a renal mass and constipation. After partial nephrectomy, diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was confirmed.