Search

Multicolor-tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is attracting wide attention in optoelectronic applications. Here, we propose a coordination-oriented assembly approach to achieve wide-range RTP with a benzimidazole derivative (2,7-diazabenzimidazole, DZBIM) as a luminogen. These two compounds exhibit unexpected excitation-responsive RTP emission, and the phosphorescence emission nearly covers the entire visible region with the change of the excitation wavelength from 360 to 620 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coordination polymers with such a full-color-tunable RTP. Compound 1 also shows white-light emission upon excitation at 280 nm. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that multiple intermolecular interactions and emission centers from different aggregates are responsible for the generation of multicolor emission. The white-light emission and multiple anticounterfeiting are explored. Besides, compound 1 exhibits high antibacterial activity benefiting from efficient 1O2generation. This work provides an efficient way to prepare a color-tunable RTP.

Achieving circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is a significant but challenging issue. Here, a simple method for preparing circularly polarized phosphorescent (CPP) materials is adopted through the chiral coordination assembly. One enantiomeric pair of chiral coordination polymers (DCF-13 and LCF-13) is synthesized by introducing a phosphorescent linker. DCF-13 and LCF-13 with RTP lifetimes of 132.45 and 137.36 ms can emit CPP with glumvalues of −5.0 × 10–3and +5.0 × 10–3at 450 nm. This work provides a perspective for constructing CPP materials.

Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3–5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm−2current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.

Graphical abstract:

Photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (PEC–CO2R) represents a promising approach for producing renewable fuels and chemicals using solar energy. However, attaining even modest solar-to-fuel (STF) conversion efficiency often necessitates the use of costly semiconductors and noble-metal catalysts. Herein, we present a Cu2O/Ga2O3/TiO2photocathode modified with Sn/SnOxcatalysts through a simple photoelectrodeposition method. It achieves a remarkable half-cell STF efficiency of ∼0.31% for the CO2R in aqueous KHCO3electrolyte, under AM 1.5 G illumination. The system enables efficient production of syngas (FE: ∼62%, CO/H2≈ 1:2) and formate (FE: ∼38%) with a consistent selectivity over a wide potential range, from +0.34 to −0.16 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode. We ascribe the observed performance to the favorable optoelectronic characteristics of our Cu2O heterostructure and the efficient Sn/SnOxcatalysts incorporated in the PEC–CO2R reactions. Through comprehensive experimental investigations, we elucidate the indispensable role of Cu2O buried p–n junctions in generating a high photovoltage (∼1 V) and enabling efficient bulk charge separation (up to ∼70% efficiency). Meanwhile, we discover that the deposited Sn/SnOxcatalysts have critical dual effects on the overall performance of the PEC devices, serving as active CO2R catalysts as well as the semiconductor front contact. It could facilitate interfacial electron transfer between the catalysts and the semiconductor device for CO2R by establishing a barrier-free ohmic contact.

The conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added products using renewable electricity would potentially help to address current climate concerns. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to propylene, a critical feedstock, requires multiple C–C coupling steps with the transfer of 18 electrons per propylene molecule, and hence is kinetically sluggish. Here we present the electrosynthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals with a peak geometric current density of −5.5 mA cm−2. The metallic copper nanocrystals formed from CuCl precursor present preponderant Cu(100) and Cu(111) facets, likely to favour the adsorption of key *C1and *C2intermediates. Strikingly, the production rate of propylene drops substantially when carbon monoxide is used as the reactant. From the electrochemical reduction of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide mixed with carbon monoxide, we infer that the key step for propylene formation is probably the coupling between adsorbed/molecular carbon dioxide or carboxyl with the *C2intermediates that are involved in the ethylene pathway.

Nickel iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) is one of the best oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in alkaline electrolytes. However, it performs poorly in neutral electrolytes, and the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we introduce electrochemical measurements, operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and operando 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of NiFe LDH for OER process in different pH electrolytes. Our results show that even though there exist Ni3+and Fe4+species, the NiFe LDH based electrocatalysts still show worse OER performance in neutral electrolytes than in alkaline conditions. Combining the electrochemical measurements with spectroscopic investigations, we demonstrated that the rate-determining step (RDS) of OER on NiFe LDH based electrocatalysts is from *O to *OOH in alkaline medium while *OH formation is the RDS in neutral conditions. Our work provides new insights into elucidating the OER mechanism in different pH electrolytes.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is marked by a distinct distribution, is a common subtype of epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. SRGN acts as an important and poor prognostic factor of NPC through multiple different mechanisms. However, the biological role and mechanism of SRGN in NPC remain unknown. Expression levels of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN in NPC tissues and cell lines were tested by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot. The impacts of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN on NPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were estimated in vitro by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell experiments, and in vivo by a xenograft tumor model. JASPAR analysis was used to predict the binding activity of Foxo1 (CREB1) with the miR-148a-5p (SRGN) promoter, and the interaction was validated by EMSA and ChIP assays. The miR-148a-5p-CREB1 interaction was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. CREB1 and SRGN were increased while miR-148a-5p was decreased in NPC. Silencing of SRGN and CREB1, as well as miR-148a-5p overexpression, repressed NPC tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. CREB1 promoted SRGN expression in NPC by targeting the promoter area of SRGN. Silencing of FoxO1 facilitated NPC tumor progression, while silencing of STAT3 repressed NPC tumor progression. FoxO1 bound to and regulated miR-148a-5p in NPC, and miR-148a-5p targeted CREB1. Additionally, FoxO1 knockdown abolished the downregulation of CREB1 and SRGN induced by STAT3 silencing. Our results suggest that STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes the growth and metastasis of NPC through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis.

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite solar cells have induced widespread research interest owing to their higher stability as compared to three-dimensional (3D) analogues. The photovoltaic performance, however, is still limited. Here, we report a perovskite film dominated by 3D components that are modulated by formamidinium thiocyanate in the 2D PEA2FA3Pb4I13perovskite composition. We demonstrate that a dimensionality transformation from a 2D/3D to predominantly 3D perovskite phase in the presence of SCN-based treatment enhances the optical absorption in visible and near-infrared regions. As a result, the power conversion efficiency improved 4.5 times with respect to the control to above 14%. The unencapsulated cell exhibited excellent moisture stability during the shelf lifetime measurement over 70 days under ambient conditions.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is marked by a distinct distribution, is a common subtype of epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. SRGN acts as an important and poor prognostic factor of NPC through multiple different mechanisms. However, the biological role and mechanism of SRGN in NPC remain unknown. Expression levels of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN in NPC tissues and cell lines were tested by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot. The impacts of miR-148a-5p, CREB1, FoxO1, and SRGN on NPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were estimated in vitro by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell experiments, and in vivo by a xenograft tumor model. JASPAR analysis was used to predict the binding activity of Foxo1 (CREB1) with the miR-148a-5p (SRGN) promoter, and the interaction was validated by EMSA and ChIP assays. The miR-148a-5p-CREB1 interaction was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. CREB1 and SRGN were increased while miR-148a-5p was decreased in NPC. Silencing of SRGN and CREB1, as well as miR-148a-5p overexpression, repressed NPC tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. CREB1 promoted SRGN expression in NPC by targeting the promoter area of SRGN. Silencing of FoxO1 facilitated NPC tumor progression, while silencing of STAT3 repressed NPC tumor progression. FoxO1 bound to and regulated miR-148a-5p in NPC, and miR-148a-5p targeted CREB1. Additionally, FoxO1 knockdown abolished the downregulation of CREB1 and SRGN induced by STAT3 silencing. Our results suggest that STAT3 regulates SRGN and promotes the growth and metastasis of NPC through the FoxO1-miR-148a-5p-CREB1 axis.

ABSTRACTAvian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) generally induces hemangioma, myeloid leukosis, and immunosuppression in chickens, causing significant poultry industry economic losses worldwide. The unusual envgene of ALV-J, with low homology to other subgroups of ALVs, is associated with its unique pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular basis for the pathogenesis and oncogenesis of ALV-J is still not fully understood. In this study, ALV-J infection and the overexpression of Env could efficiently downregulate the phosphorylation of SHP-2 (pSHP-2) in vitroand in vivo. The membrane-spanning domain (MSD) in Env Gp37 was the functional domain responsible for pSHP-2 downregulation. Moreover, the overexpression of SHP-2 could effectively promote the replication of ALV-J, whereas knockout or allosteric inhibition of SHP-2 could inhibit ALV-J replication. In addition, the knockout of endogenous chicken SHP-2 could significantly increase the proliferation ability of DF-1 cells. All these data demonstrate that SHP-2 dephosphorylated by ALV-J Env could efficiently promote ALV-J replication, highlighting the important role of SHP-2 in the pathogenesis of ALV-J and providing a new target for developing antiviral drugs against ALV-J.

The use of molecular modulators to reduce the defect density at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite materials has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance and device stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we employ crown ethers to modulate perovskite films, affording passivation of undercoordinated surface defects. This interaction has been elucidated by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculations. The crown ether hosts induce the formation of host–guest complexes on the surface of the perovskite films, which reduces the concentration of surface electronic defects and suppresses nonradiative recombination by 40%, while minimizing moisture permeation. As a result, we achieved substantially improved photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 23%, accompanied by enhanced stability under ambient and operational conditions. This work opens a new avenue to improve the performance and stability of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices through supramolecular chemistry.

ABSTRACTIn order to match the image features accurately, it is necessary to study the multi-feature matching method of fuzzy digital image. The current method cannot guarantee the efficiency and accuracy of image feature matching at the same time. In this paper, a multi-feature matching method of fuzzy digital image based on ACDSEE is proposed. This method combines the sparse matching method to match the image feature points, and uses the mean filtering, relative gradient, absolute gradient domain, image gradient domain enhancement model, K-means clustering algorithm, and pyramid principle to denoise, enhance, and segment the image, and extract features from the image before matching. Experiments show that the proposed method guarantees the accuracy and matching efficiency of image feature matching.

The selective separation of ions in terms of extremely similar size and properties remains an important challenge in water purification. We innovated a kind of porous nanofilm via interfacial polymerization using rigid heterocyclic ligands to achieve high valent cation selectivity and rapid water/ion transport. The interconnected microporosity and uniformly distributed cation-affinitive sites of the ultrathin membranes enabled water permeation (7.5 L m–2h–1bar–1), ion permeance of Na+(1.5 mol m–2h–1bar–1), and Mg2+/Na+permselectivity (2.1) during nanofiltration. The forward osmosis exhibited a prominent water flux of 95 LMH at 1 M NaCl draw solution, which expanded various applications. The polyarylate membranes comprising 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline showed a higher water permeation and ion selectivity than the planar monomers, e.g., resorcinol. A distinct fluorescence responsiveness existed between membranes and cations for the interaction characterization. Host–guest nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterized the preferential affinitive of divalent/high-valent cations in the interconnected microporous powders; an ultraviolet spectrophotometer characterized the light responsiveness of the porous nanofilms. Such an active membrane has potential applications in selective separation and adsorption of cations, photocatalytic materials, photosensors, and other fields.

Developing efficient, stable, and cost-effective photosystems to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight is of paramount importance for future production of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources. However, the high cost of current systems limits their widespread application. Here, we developed a highly efficient TiC-supported Pt nanocluster catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction that rivals the commercial Pt/C catalyst with ∼5 times less Pt loading. Combining with the NiFe-layered double hydroxide for oxygen evolution reaction and driven for the first time by a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell, we achieved a solar water splitting system with 18.7% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, setting a record for water splitting systems with earth-abundant and inexpensive photo-absorbers.

Artificial photosynthesis is an effective way of converting CO2into fuel and high value-added chemicals. However, the sluggish interfacial electron transfer and adsorption of CO2at the catalyst surface strongly hamper the activity and selectivity of CO2reduction. Here, we report a photocathode attaching zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) onto a ZnTe surface to mimic an aquatic leaf featuring stoma and chlorophyll for efficient photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2into CO. ZIF-8 possessing high CO2adsorption capacity and diffusivity has been selected to enrich CO2into nanocages and provide a large number of catalytic active sites. ZnTe with high light-absorption capacity serves as a light-absorbing layer. CO2molecules are collected in large nanocages of ZIF-8 and delivered to the ZnTe surface. As evidenced by scanning electrochemical microscopy, the interface can effectively boost interfacial electron transfer kinetics. The ZIF-8/ZnTe photocathode with unsaturated Zn–Nxsites exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency for CO production of 92.9% and a large photocurrent of 6.67 mA·cm–2at −2.48 V (vs Fc/Fc+) in a nonaqueous electrolyte at AM 1.5G solar irradiation (100 mW·cm–2).

Achieving high heat-resisting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance and robust white emission from pure small molecules is a meaningful but challenging work. Herein, a simple donor-acceptor (D-A) molecule, 9-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole (CzBtrz), was investigated. This simple molecule not only exhibits multiple emissions including white light, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and ultralong RTP with a lifetime of 988.54 ms at 545 nm, but also shows superhigh heat-resisting phosphorescence property which can maintain stability in a large temperature region from 77 to 350 K (ΔT = 273 K), exceeding those of other RTP systems. Meanwhile, this molecule shows the time-evolved dynamic RTP. The experiment and theoretical analysis from CzBtrz crystal demonstrate that the intramolecular charge transfer interaction and molecular stacking play an important role in the generation of RTP. Therefore, this work provides an efficient strategy to design ultrahigh heat-resistant RTP, ultralong RTP and single-phased white-light emitting materials.

Developing efficient systems for the conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals using solar power is critical for mitigating climate change and ascertaining the world’s future supply of clean fuels. Here, we introduce a mesoscopic cathode consisting of Cu nanowires decorated with Ag islands, by the reduction of Ag-covered Cu2O nanowires prepared via galvanic replacement reaction. This catalyst enables CO2reduction to ethylene and other C2+products with a faradaic efficiency of 76%. Operando Raman spectroscopy reveals intermediate formation of CO at Ag sites which undergo subsequent spillover and hydrogenation on the Cu nanowires. Our Cu–Ag bimetallic design enables a ∼95% efficient spillover of intermediates from Ag to Cu, delivering an improved activity toward the formation of ethylene and other C2+products. We also demonstrate a solar to ethylene conversion efficiency of 4.2% for the photoelectrochemical CO2reduction using water as electron and proton donor, and solar power together with perovskite photovoltaics to drive the uphill reaction.

Chemical doping of inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites is an effective way of improving the performance and operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we use 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide (AVAI) to chemically stabilize the structure of α-FAPbI3. Using solid-state MAS NMR, we demonstrate the atomic-level interaction between the molecular modulator and the perovskite lattice and propose a structural model of the stabilized three-dimensional structure, further aided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that one-step deposition of the perovskite in the presence of AVAI produces highly crystalline films with large, micrometer-sized grains and enhanced charge-carrier lifetimes, as probed by transient absorption spectroscopy. As a result, we achieve greatly enhanced solar cell performance for the optimized AVA-based devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.94%. The devices retain 90% of the initial efficiency after 300 h under continuous white light illumination and maximum-power point-tracking measurement.

Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials are promising candidates for a range of separation applications. However, the fabrication of self-standing MOF-based thin films remains challenging. Herein, a facile solution casting strategy is developed for fabricating UiO-66 nanocomposite thin films (UiO66TFs) with thicknesses down to ∼400 nm. Nanosizing UiO-66 and incorporating sulfonated polysulfone additives render high dispersity and interfacial bindings between MOFs and polymer matrices, so UiO66TFs are more mechanically robust and thermally stable than their pure-polymer counterparts. Enhanced microporosity with sub-nanometer pore sizes of the self-standing membranes enables the direct translation of UiO-66-based sorption and ion-sieving properties, thus increasing water flux and separation performance (Na2SO4rejection of 94–96%) under hydraulic pressure-driven processes and eliminating internal concentration polarization in osmotic pressure-driven processes. Enhanced separation performances are achieved with water/Na2SO4permselectivity of 13.5 L g–1and high osmotic water permeability up to 1.41 L m–2h–1bar–1, providing 3-fold higher water/Na2SO4permselectivity and 56-fold-higher water flux than polymer membranes for forward osmosis.

The efficient electroreduction of CO2has received significant attention as it is one of the crucial means to develop a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle. Here, we describe the mechanistic workings of an electrochemically deposited CuSxcatalyst that can reduce CO2to formate with a Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO–) of 75% and geometric current density (jHCOO–) of −9.0 mA/cm2at −0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. At this potential, the formation of other CO2reduction products such as hydrocarbons and CO was notably suppressed (total FE < 4%). The formate intermediate (HCOO*) was identified by operando Raman spectroscopy with isotopic labeling. A combination of electrochemical and materials characterization techniques revealed that the high selectivity toward formate production can be attributed to the effect of S dopants on the Cu catalyst, rather than surface morphology. Density functional theory calculations showed that the presence of sulfur weakens the HCOO* and *COOH adsorption energies, such that the formation of *COOH toward CO is suppressed, while the formation of HCOO* toward formate is favored.

Copper oxides have been of considerable interest as electrocatalysts for CO2reduction (CO2R) in aqueous electrolytes. However, their role as an active catalyst in reducing the required overpotential and improving the selectivity of reaction compared with that of polycrystalline copper remains controversial. Here, we introduce the use of selected-ion flow tube mass spectrometry, in concert with chronopotentiometry, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and computational modeling, to investigate CO2R on Cu2O nanoneedles, Cu2O nanocrystals, and Cu2O nanoparticles. We show experimentally that the selective formation of gaseous C2products (i.e., ethylene) in CO2R is preceded by the reduction of the copper oxide (Cu2OR) surface to metallic copper. On the basis of density functional theory modeling, CO2R products are not formed as long as Cu2O is present at the surface because Cu2OR is kinetically and energetically more favorable than CO2R.

ReS2films are considered as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications due to their direct band gap character and optical/electrical anisotropy. However, the direct band gap in a narrow spectrum and the low absorption of atomically thin flakes weaken the prospect for light-harvesting applications. Here, we developed an efficient approach to enhance the performance of a ReS2-based phototransistor by coupling CdSe–CdS–ZnS core–shell quantum dots. Under 589 nm laser irradiation, the responsivity of the ReS2phototransistor decorated with quantum dots could be enhanced by more than 25 times (up to ∼654 A/W) and the rising and recovery time can be also reduced to 3.2 and 2.8 s, respectively. The excellent optoelectronic performance is originated from the coupling effect of quantum dots light absorber and cross-linker ligands 1,2-ethanedithiol. Photoexcited electron–hole pairs in quantum dots can separate and transfer efficiently due to the type-II band alignment and charge exchange process at the interface. Our work shows that the simple hybrid zero- and two-dimensional hybrid system can be employed for photodetection applications.

Substitutional doping of transition metal dichalcogenide two-dimensional materials has proven to be effective in tuning their intrinsic properties, such as band gap, transport characteristics, and magnetism. In this study, we realized substitutional doping of monolayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) with Mo via chemical vapor deposition. Scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that Mo atoms are successfully doped into ReS2by substitutionally replacing Re atoms in the lattice. Electrical measurements revealed the degenerate p-type semiconductor behavior of Mo-doped ReS2field effect transistors, in agreement with density functional theory calculations. The p–n diode device based on a doped ReS2and ReS2homojunction exhibited gate-tunable current rectification behaviors, and the maximum rectification ratio could reach up to 150 at Vd= −2/+2 V. The successful synthesis of p-type ReS2in this study could largely promote its application in novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.

The complexities of the physical and analytical chemistry surrounding the CO2reduction reaction introduce significant challenges to how appropriate catalysts can be designed. This perspective describes the important factors to consider when analyzing the performance of catalysts and reaction mechanisms for the CO2reduction reaction in aqueous electrolytes. It focuses on the practical aspects of experimental design and instrumentation that are required for the accurate study of these complex reactions. We discuss the common figures-of-merit and suggest appropriate methods for analyzing and reporting experimental data, such that comparisons between research reports can be more easily drawn. In addition, we highlight notable instances of applications of our suggested practices that already exist in the literature in order to emphasize the excellent work that is being performed in the field.

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a common mental disease in clinic, which is a mental disorder with slow loss of function and decline. Schizophrenia is usually treated with drugs, such as risperidone. However, with the increase of schizophrenic patients and the enhancement of drug resistance, the effect of drug treatment alone has declined. Cognitive behavior therapy is a widely used psychotherapy method to treat mental disorders, which can be seen as a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy can change individual behavior by adjusting individual cognition, and reconstruct individual irrational cognition through training. Therefore, the study will combine cognitive behavior therapy with risperidone to treat schizophrenia patients for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Subjects and MethodsIn this experiment, 98 schizophrenics in a hospital were selected as the research object. 45 of them were treated with risperidone alone, which was regarded as group A. The other 53 patients were treated with cognitive behavioral therapy on the basis of risperidone, and were regarded as group B. The basic data of the two groups were compared, such as age, sex, etc., to ensure the feasibility of this experiment. At the same time, the cognitive functions of the two groups were compared. Before and after treatment, a cognitive ability test consensus scale was used to quantify the cognitive abilities of patients. SPSS21.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The results were shown in Figure 1.Figure 1.Scores of cognitive abilities before and after treatmentResultsCognitive dysfunction is an independent core symptom of schizophrenia. From the experimental results, the score of group B before treatment was 42±7.61, which was higher than 41.57±6.25 of group A, but lower than 50.47±7.65 of group A after treatment, which was 47.21±8.45. Among them, the scores of most indicators such as connectivity, visual learning, and social cognition in group B were higher than those in group A before treatment, but all indicators were lower than those in group A after treatment. To sum up, the method of risperidone combined with cognitive behavioral therapy selected in the study has certain effectiveness in alleviating the cognitive disorder of psychiatric patients, and can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients.ConclusionsThe cognitive impairment of schizophrenic patients has been paid more and more attention. In the actual work process, schizophrenics often show behaviors such as denying illness or refusing to take medicine, which will further aggravate their illness. Therefore, on the basis of the use of risperidone, combined with cognitive behavioral therapy, it can strengthen patients’ self-cognition, overcome their bad mentality, enhance patients’ attention to drug treatment, improve drug compliance, improve negative symptoms, and achieve treatment goals. It has high practicability in clinic.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Metal oxides have been extensively explored as catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present an excellent OER catalytic system consisting of pulse-electrodeposited Ir/Ni oxides in Fe3+-spiked 1 M KOH. In pure 1 M KOH electrolyte, the optimized catalyst, which had an Ir:Ni atom ratio of 1:1.49, could catalyze 10 mA/cm2of O2production at a small overpotential (η) of 264 mV. Remarkably, we found that its OER performance could be significantly improved by adding 0.3 mM Fe3+into the electrolyte. At an η of just 343 ± 3 mV, a huge current of 500 mA/cm2was achieved. Furthermore, this catalytic system exhibited a small Tafel slope of 31 mV/dec and a large iridium mass-normalized current of 1260 mA/mgIrat η = 280 mV. We also discovered that the durability of the Ir/Ni oxide catalyst during OER (at 10 mA/cm2with η < 280 mV) could be maintained for more than 4.5 days by simply spiking Fe3+, Ir3+, and Ni2+into the KOH electrolyte. The figures-of-merit in this work, in terms of both activity and stability, compare favorably against values from several state-of-the-art catalysts. Hypotheses for the outstanding performance of the Ir/Ni catalyst are proposed and discussed.

AbstractIn this experiment, the effects of soybean antigen proteins on intestinal permeability, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels and secretory IgA (sIgA) distribution in the intestine of weaned piglets were evaluated. Thirty piglets (21 d of age) were randomly divided into three groups: control group, glycinin-sensitised group and β-conglycinin-sensitised group. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, and in two sensitised groups were fed the diet with 4% glycinin or β-conglycinin. Piglets in glycinin and β-conglycinin groups were sensitised twice on 21–27 d and 32–34 d period, respectively. Blood samples were collected and analysed for D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase (DAO) and 5-HT levels on d 21, 28 and 35. At the end of the trial, five piglets per group were sacrificed and the small intestine was collected to evaluate intestinal sIgA distribution and the optical density (OD) of the relative staining positivity. The results revealed that the piglets in glycinin and β-conglycinin groups had higher D-lactic acid, DAO and 5-HT levels than those of the control group (p < 0.01). Similarly, OD values were higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The intestinal sections, in order of decreasing OD value, were middle jejunum > duodenum > proximal jejunum and distal ileum > distal jejunum. These results suggest that soybean antigen proteins induce allergic reactions, damage the intestinal mucosa, increase intestinal permeability and promote sIgA synthesis in weaned piglets.

Parasitic capacitance extraction is a critical issue in the area of integrated circuit (IC), its performance heavily depends on the electromagnetic field solver involved. To improve the computation accuracy and efficiency, the interpolation finite element methods (FEM) have been investigated to deal with polygonal elements. Such methods are based on the thinking of generalized barycentric coordinates, such as mostly used mean value coordinates, Sibson coordinates, and etc. They have demonstrated good convergence and accuracy. However, they are time consuming during processing shape functions for Galerkin-schema FEM. A kind of piecewise interpolation method within convex polygonal element is presented. The polygon is divided into triangular sub-regions utilizing its barycenter, where the shape functions related to the whole polygon are conveniently and quickly acquired. The method has excellent performance in computation speed and shows good convergence and high accuracy. A comparison between different FEMs is performed with a typical electrostatic capacitance extraction example.