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•Urological cancers include prostate, bladder and renal tumors that affect many individuals around the world.•Dysregulation of Wnt has been associated with tumorigenesis.•Wnt upregulation In PCa enhances carcinogenesis and can mediate proliferation nd metastasis.•Wnt upregulation in bladder cancer (BC) can enhance malignancy and mediate chemoresistance.•Overexpression of Wnt has been correlated with increase renal cancer progression.

•Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver disease.•Conventional therapies have faced failure in HCC therapy.•Liposomes have been emerged as biocompatible nanostructures in cancer therapy.•Liposomes provide targeted delivery of drugs and genes in HCC suppression.•Liposome-mediated phototherapy and stimuli-responsive ones suppress tumorigenesis.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that pass genetic material between various cells to modulate or alter their biological function. The role of exosomes is to communicate with the target cell for cell-to-cell communication. Their inherent characteristics of exosomes, such as adhesion molecules, allow targeting specifically to the receiving cell. Exosomes are involved in cell to cell communication in the immune system including antigen presentation, natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cell activation/polarisation, immune suppression and various anti-inflammatory processes. In this review, we have described various functions of exosomes secreted by the immune cells in initiating, activating and modulating immune responses; and highlight the distinct roles of exosomal surface proteins and exosomal cargo. Potential applications of exosomes such as distribution vehicles for immunotherapy are also discussed.

•Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-generation platinum anti-cancer agent that is commonly used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC).•A number of molecular factors, non-coding RNAs, and signaling pathways have been implicated in OXA resistance in CRC cells.•Several anti-tumor compounds and nanoparticles have shown promise in enhancing OXA sensitivity and reversing OXA resistance in CRC.•This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms of OXA resistance in CRC and the potential strategies for overcoming it.

•Oxaliplatin (OXA) is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs in cancer therapy.•The various kinds of nanoparticles, including lipid-, polymeric-, metal-, and carbon-based nanostructures, have been introduced for OXA delivery in cancer therapy.•Smart nanostructures, including pH-, redox-, light-, and thermo-sensitive nanostructures, have been designed for OXA delivery and cancer therapy.