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Evidence has shown that cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) are amongst the top contributors to COVID-19 infection morbidity and mortality. The reciprocal impact of COVID-19 infection and the most common CMDs, the risk factors for poor composite outcome among patients with one or several underlying diseases, the effect of common medical management on CMDs and their safety in the context of acute COVID-19 infection are reviewed. Later on, the changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on the general population’s lifestyle (diet, exercise patterns) and metabolic health, acute cardiac complications of different COVID-19 vaccines and the effect of CMDs on the vaccine efficacy are discussed. Our review identified that the incidence of COVID-19 infection is higher among patients with underlying CMDs such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Also, CMDs increase the risk of COVID-19 infection progression to severe disease phenotypes (e.g. hospital and/or ICU admission, use of mechanical ventilation). Lifestyle modification during COVID-19 era had a great impact on inducing and worsening of CMDs. Finally, the lower efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines was found in patients with metabolic disease.

MicroRNAs are critical epigenetic regulators that can be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for the treatment of various diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers, among a variety of cellular and molecular biomarkers. MiRNAs have also shown oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in tumor tissue and other cell types. Studies showed that the dysregulation of miR-28 is involved in cell growth and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancers. MiR-28 plays a key role in controlling the physiological processes of cancer cells including growth and proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis. Therefore, miR-28 expression patterns can be used to distinguish patient subgroups. Based on the previous studies, miR-28 expression can be a suitable biomarker to detect tumor size and predict histological grade metastasis. In this review, we summarize the inhibitory effects of miR-28 as a metastasis suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers. miR-28 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers by regulating cancer cell growth, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As a result, using it as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers can be a way to solve the problems in this field.

Natural hazards can play a considerable role in the emergence and spread of infectious diseases (ID). There are various risk factors associated with disease outbreaks following disasters.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder leading to psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.

In this investigation, zirconia (ZrO2) nanopowders have been synthesized through the decomposition of a nano-structured zirconium(IV) coordination supramolecular compound, (pydaH)2[Zr(pydc)3]·5H2O (1), where [pyda.H]+= 2,6-diaminopyridinium, and [pydc]2−= 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate, as a new precursor. The compound 1has been synthesized by sonochemical method and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The sizes of the nanostructures were approximately 50 nm. The thermal stability of compound 1has been studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). The XRD pattern of the residue obtained from thermal decomposition of compound 1under argon and air atmospheres provided two different kinds of crystal systems of zirconia, tetragonal (t) and mixture of monoclinic (m) and tetragonal (t) with particles size about 35 and 28 nm, respectively. This study, demonstrates that the supramolecular compounds may be suitable precursors for the simple one-pot preparation of nano-scale metal oxide materials with different and interesting morphologies.

In this study, an ionic complex of V(V) was synthesized by using ultrasonic method, and it was used as a precursor for production of a new catalyst for selective preparation of methylal or dimethoxymethane (DMM). By reaction between an ionic ligand [pyda.H2]2+[pydc]2−(LH2), (pyda.H2= 2,6-pyridine diammonium and pydc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate) and ammonium vanadate, the five coordinated V(V) complex, [pyda.H][V(pydc)O2], {2,6- diaminopyridinum 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylatodioxovanadate(V)}, VLH2was synthesized. The prepared complex VLH2was characterized by SEM, thermal analysis TGA/DTA, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The results showed that the yield of the reaction was increased up to 64%. The average particle sizes of the obtained complex VLH2were about 50–60 nm. Also, the nano-catalyst of V2O5/Al2O3was synthesized by impregnation method and was prepared as a nano-catalyst with average particles sizes of 50–60 nm, and its characterization was performed by XRD, EDX and SEM methods. Finally, the prepared catalyst was used to converting of methanol to methylal at different process conditions.

In this investigation, nanoparticles and single crystals of a Cu(I) supramolecular compound, [Cu(dmph)-µ-I]2(1), [dmph = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine)], have been synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) acetate, KI and neocuproine as ligand in methanol using sonochemical and heat-gradient methods, respectively. The nanostructure of 1was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, and the structure of compound 1was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of compound 1has been found to be a binuclear coordination compound. The Cu atoms have slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry with two iodine and two nitrogen coordinated atoms which are transconfiguration to each other. Pure phase CuO nanoparticles were simply obtained by calcination of nanosized compound 1at 700 °C under air atmosphere. This study demonstrates that the supramolecular compounds may be suitable precursors for the simple one-pot preparation of nanoscale metal oxide materials with different and interesting morphologies.

In this study, synthesis and characterization of two polymorphs of a new nano-sized zirconium(IV) complex, [ZrO(dmph)I2] (1), {dmph = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine)}, have been investigated in two different solvents. The reaction between zirconyl nitrate pentahydrate and potassium iodide with dmph as a ligand under ultrasonic irradiation in methanol and mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) leads to the formation of the nano-sized Zr(IV) complex. Characterization of the Zr(IV) complex has been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The thermal stability of the compound 1has been studied by thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Particle sizes of the compound 1have been decreased after thermal treatments in an autoclave. Pure monoclinic (m) and tetragonal (t) zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were readily synthesized from thermal decomposition of the Zr(IV) complex as a new precursor in presence of methanol and MEG as solvents, respectively. Zirconium oxide was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM to depict the phase and morphology. The results showed that, pure zirconia was produced with particle size about 59 nm and crystal system was monoclinic when methanol was used as a solvent during complexation process. On the other hand, particle sizes of zirconia with tetragonal structure were significantly reduced to about 39 nm, when MEG was used as solvent.

Starting with a zirconium salt and LH2, (pydaH2)2+(pydc)2−, (pyda=2, 6‐pyridinediamine; pydcH2=2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid), as a 1:1 proton transfer self‐associated compound, two different compounds were resulted. One of them is a new complex of ZrIVwith a flat pyridine containing ligand and structure of (pydaH)2[Zr(pydc)3] · 5H2O (1)and the other, (pydaH)+(NO3)−(2)is an ion pair with no zirconium ion. The zirconium(IV) complex (1)is crystallized in triclinic system with ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$space group and Z= 2, the crystallographic parameters are: a= 10.612(5) Å, b= 10.617(5) Å, c= 16.815(8) Å, α = 103.654(9)°, β= 95.821(9)°, γ= 98.891(9)° and R‐value for 16767 collected reflections is 0.0592. The ion pair (2)has crystals of monoclinic system with P21space group and Z= 2. Its crystallographic parameters are: a= 3.6227(11) Å, b= 10.034(4) Å, c= 10.296(4) Å, β= 93.422(9)° and R‐value for 4031 collected reflections is 0.0521. The two compounds were characterized with elemental analysis, ESI/MS, NMR and IR spectroscopy.

A polymeric self-assembled complex {[Pb(pydc)(pydc·H2)(H2O)2]2}nis prepared from the complexation of a novel pyridine containing self-assembling system, LH2, [pydaH2]2+[pydc]2–(pyda = 2,6-pyridindiamine and pydcH2= 2,6-pyridinedicarboxilic acid) and lead(II) nitrate in 84% yield. The characterization was performed using X-ray crystallography. The crystal system is triclinic with space group P–1and two molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are a= 6.913(2)Å, b= 10.687(4)Å and c= 11.182(4)Å with α= 92.805(6)°, β= 101.821(6)° and γ= 95.688(6)°. The final Rvalue is 0.0373 for 4633 reflections measured. This compound is a nine-coordinate binuclear complex with two metal fragments linked viathe central four-membered Pb2O2ring. The crystal also contains a neutral [pydc·H2] molecule, that form hydrogen and coordination bonds that dominate the crystal packing, by forming layers of molecules.