1,138 results on '"Ralph, D"'
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2. Preventing Community-Acquired Pressure Injuries in Spinal Cord Injury
- Author
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Burkhart, Elizabeth, Zurek, Stacey, Desmond, Mary E., Aguina, Keith, Cabigon, Ralph D., Smith, Autumn, and Bates-Jensen, Barbara
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- 2023
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3. A Little Leaven Leavens the Whole Lump: The Significance of the 1995 Resolution on Racial Reconciliation among African American Members of the SBC.
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West, Ralph D.
- Abstract
The article explores the history and efforts of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) towards racial reconciliation. It acknowledges the SBC's past support of slavery and racism and discusses the 1995 Resolution on Racial Reconciliation as a step towards addressing these issues. The SBC has made progress in racial reconciliation, but some African-American pastors remain skeptical. The article also mentions a recent controversy within the SBC regarding the rejection of Critical Race Theory and Intersectionality. Overall, the SBC's history on race relations is complex, and ongoing efforts are needed for reconciliation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
4. An Integrated Infant and Young Child Feeding and Small-Quantity Lipid-based Nutrient Supplementation Program Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor and Communication Scores of Children 6-18 Months in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Addo, O. Yaw, Tripp, Katie, Nanama, Simeon, Albert, Bope, Sandalinas, Fanny, Nanema, Ambroise, Jefferds, Maria Elena, Clayton, Heather B., Whitehead, Ralph D., Garg, Aashima, Kupka, Roland, Locks, Lindsey M., and Whitehead, Ralph D Jr
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of an infant, young child feeding practices-small-quantity lipid nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) intervention on child development scores in children aged 6-18 months in the Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Study Design: We analyzed data of 2595 children from 2 health zones in a quasi-experimental design with preimplementation and postimplementation surveys to evaluate program impact on child development scores. Standard care was received in the comparison health zone and the intervention health zone received standard care plus enhanced infant, young child feeding practices with a monthly supply of 28 SQ-LNS sachets for up to 1 year. Program exposure and communication and motor domains of the Ages and Stages questionnaire were collected to assess changes in child development scores. A quasi-intent-to-treat and adjusted difference-in-difference analyses were used to quantify impact of the enhanced compared with the standard package.Results: In adjusted models contrasting endline with baseline, there was a greater relative increase in proportion of children with normal communication (difference-in-difference, +13.7% [95%CI, 7.9-19.6; P < .001] and gross motor scores, +7.4% [95% CI: 1.3-13.5; P < .001]) in the intervention vs comparison health zones. Further, in separate analyses among children of intervention health zone at endline, each additional SQ-LNS distribution was associated with +0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.16) z-score unit increase in gross motor scores (P < .01).Conclusions: The integrated infant, young child feeding practice-SQ-LNS intervention was positively associated with larger relative improvements in measures of child communication and motor development in the Katanga province of DRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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5. WORLD PHILATELIC EXHIBITIONS IN CANADA.
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MITCHENER, RALPH D. and VERGE, CHARLES J. G.
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- 2022
6. Reconstruction pénienne post-nécrose de gland par une phalloplastie avec lambeau antébrachial.
- Author
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Schirmann, A., Christopher, N., Ralph, D., and Lee, W.
- Abstract
Copyright of Proges en Urologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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7. Penile Doppler ultrasound study in priapism: A systematic review
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Wakrim, S., Ziouziou, I., Ralph, D., and Khabbal, Y.
- Abstract
Penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) is suggested to be an alternative to blood gas analysis (BGA) from the corpora cavernosa in differentiating between high- and low-flow priapisms, with limited supportive evidence.
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- 2022
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8. Analysis of the effects of different surgical approaches on corporotomy localization in inflatable penile implant surgery performed by expert implant surgeons
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Lauwers, N. L., Van Renterghem, K., Osmonov, D., Suarez-Sarmiento, A., Perito, P., Park, S., Andrianne, R., Ralph, D., and Mykoniatis, I.
- Abstract
Inflatable penile prostheses may be a solution for patients with erectile dysfunction. To our knowledge, no data exist regarding the effect of different surgical approaches used during implantation on the site of the corporotomy. The main purpose of this multicentre study was to investigate the influence of different surgical approaches on the corporotomy site.
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- 2022
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9. Commentary: Bioengineered dermal matrix reduces donor site morbidity in total phallic construction with RAFFF
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Lee, W. G., Christopher, A. N., and Ralph, D. J.
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- 2024
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10. Reconstruction pénienne post-nécrose de gland par une phalloplastie avec lambeau antébrachial
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Schirmann, A., Christopher, N., Ralph, D., and Lee, W.
- Abstract
La phalloplastie par lambeau libre antébrachial permet une reconstruction pénienne après traumatisme, micropenis, amputation du pénis ou pour une chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle. Elle permet d’obtenir un phallus fonctionnel et esthétique.
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- 2023
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11. Rare-Earth Elements as Natural Tracers for In Situ Remediation of Groundwater.
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Wilkin, Richard T., Lee, Tony R., Ludwig, Ralph D., Wadler, Claire, Brandon, William, Mueller, Brian, Davis, Eva, Luce, Darryl, and Edwards, Tracy
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- 2021
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12. The Impact of Respiratory Therapy International Education in the United States: Saudi International Students' Perceptions.
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AbuNurah, Hassan Y., Zimmerman, Ralph D., Murray, Robert B., and Gardenhire, Douglas S.
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MEDICAL education ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,CLINICAL competence ,STATISTICAL correlation ,EXPERIENCE ,RESEARCH methodology ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESPIRATORY therapy ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICS ,STUDENTS ,STUDENT attitudes ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,DATA analysis ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,UNDERGRADUATES ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess graduate and undergraduate international respiratory therapy students' perceptions of the impact of their international educational experience on their life experience and development. METHODS: Data were collected through a validated descriptive survey. Four main dimensions of development were assessed: professional respiratory therapist (RT) role, global understanding, personal development, and intellectual development. RESULTS: The sample size was 62. Just over half of the subjects held a graduate degree in respiratory therapy, and 47% held an undergraduate degree in respiratory therapy. Female participants accounted for 13% of participants. The dimensions of development that were the most affected for RT undergraduate students were professional RT role and global understanding, whereas personal development was the most impacted area of development for graduate RT students. The time spent abroad for education had a positive correlation with the students' perceptions of development of their professional RT role (r
s = 0.43, P = .001), personal development (rs = 0.26, P = .047), and overall survey development score (rs = 0.28, P = .036). Former graduates had a significantly higher perception of development of their professional practice (P = .035) and cultural interaction (P = .03) than did current students. CONCLUSIONS: International education has a large overall positive impact on students' life experience and development. The study findings support the value of promoting international education in RT programs due to its role in advancing students' development and the internationalization of RT education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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13. Health-Literacy Training for First-Year Respiratory Therapy Students: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.
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Mavreles Ogrodnick, Michelle, Feinberg, Iris, Tighe, Elizabeth, Czarnonycz, Catherine C., and Zimmerman, Ralph D.
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COMMUNICATIVE competence ,CONTENT analysis ,HEALTH occupations students ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,PATIENT education ,RESPIRATORY therapy ,STATISTICS ,STUDENT attitudes ,T-test (Statistics) ,PILOT projects ,DATA analysis ,TEACHING methods ,THEMATIC analysis ,UNDERGRADUATES ,HEALTH literacy ,DATA analysis software ,EDUCATION - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Respiratory therapists (RTs) should communicate with patients in a way that leads to patients understanding their discharge plans and medical device instructions. The teach-back method is a patient-centered, health-literate technique that allows health care professionals to confirm patient understanding. The purpose of this mixed-methods pilot study was to measure the use of teach-back by first-year undergraduate RT students in a simulation-center experience after a 1-h teach-back skills training. METHODS: First-year RT students' health literacy knowledge and belief in communication skills were measured using a pre- and post- survey about their knowledge and beliefs. A 1-h health literacy and teach-back skills training lecture (ie, intervention) was delivered after the pre-testing. RT students were then assessed for teach-back use during a regularly scheduled simulation center experience. Their experiences were recorded in a semistructured interview immediately after the simulation-center experience. RESULTS: 14 of 20 RT students used teach-back in the simulation center. Knowledge scores increased from 8.278 to 8.944 postintervention, and the median scores for belief increased from 111 to 117 postintervention. There was a statistically significant postintervention increase in knowledge scores (P < .001) and in communication belief scores (P = .038). Thematic content analysis revealed 2 primary themes for teach-back use: to confirm patient understanding and to confirm proper use of medical devices. Teach-back was not used due to the discharge scenario used in the simulation center, due to the student forgetting and/or being nervous, due to how engaged the patient was, or due to individual communication style. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our pilot study indicate that RT students may benefit from a 1-h health literacy and teach-back skills training. Furthermore, we identified reasons why the teach-back method was not used and determined what communication training students perceived would be helpful. Our findings can be used to help improve and implement communication skills training in the RT curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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14. Rare-Earth Elements as Natural Tracers for In Situ Remediation of Groundwater
- Author
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Wilkin, Richard T., Lee, Tony R., Ludwig, Ralph D., Wadler, Claire, Brandon, William, Mueller, Brian, Davis, Eva, Luce, Darryl, and Edwards, Tracy
- Abstract
The utility of rare-earth elements (REEs) as natural geochemical tracers for the analysis of groundwater remediation was examined in several example permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). The PRBs utilize zero-valent iron and organic carbon plus limestone mixtures for contaminant treatment. Zero-valent iron removed REEs from groundwater to below detection levels (2–4 ng/L) and subsequent rebound of REE concentrations in regions down-gradient of the treatment zones was not observed. In addition, REE concentrations within and down-gradient of an organic carbon/limestone PRB were significantly reduced to <1% of influent levels. Thus, REEs are sensitive tracers for evaluating the interaction of groundwater with materials placed in the subsurface for contaminant remediation. Analysis of geochemical tracers for understanding in situ remediation becomes important in situations where down-gradient contaminant concentrations fail to decrease within expected timeframes. The field data indicated that increased solid-phase partitioning of REEs occurred with increasing pH and heavy REEs were preferentially removed compared to light REEs in ZVI systems. In the organic carbon PRB, unexpected negative europium anomalies were observed, revealing new information about redox conditions within the treatment zone. REE concentrations and shale-normalized profiles can be used as natural tracers to better understand in situ technologies for groundwater remediation.
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- 2021
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15. Variability in haemoglobin concentration by measurement tool and blood source: an analysis from seven countries
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Rappaport, Aviva I, Karakochuk, Crystal D, Hess, Sonja Y, Whitehead, Ralph D, Namaste, Sorrel M L, Dary, Omar, Parker, Megan E, Neufeld, Lynnette M, Larson, Leila M, Newton, Sam, Wegmuller, Rita, and Moorthy, Denish
- Abstract
ObjectiveWe explore factors such as the blood sampling site (capillary vs venous), the equipment (HemoCue vs automated haematology analyser) and the model of the HemoCue device (201+ vs 301) that may impact haemoglobin measurements in capillary and venous blood.MethodsEleven studies were identified, and bias, concordance and measures of diagnostic performance were assessed within each study.FindingsOur analysis included 11 studies from seven countries (Cambodia, India, The Gambia, Ghana, Laos, Rwanda and USA). Samples came from children, men, non-pregnant women and pregnant women. Mean bias ranged from −8.7 to 2.5 g/L in Cambodian women, 6.2 g/L in Laotian children, 2.4 g/L in Ghanaian women, 0.8 g/L in Gambian children 6–23 months and 1.4 g/L in Rwandan children 6–59 months when comparing capillary blood on a HemoCue to venous blood on a haematology analyser. Bias was 8.3 g/L in Indian non-pregnant women and 2.6 g/L in Laotian children and women and 1.5 g/L in the US population when comparing capillary to venous blood using a HemoCue. For venous blood measured on the HemoCue compared with the automated haematology analyser, bias was 5.3 g/L in Gambian pregnant women 18–45 years and 11.3 g/L in Laotian children 6–59 months.ConclusionOur analysis found large variability in haemoglobin concentration measured on capillary or venous blood and using HemoCue Hb 201+ or Hb 301 or automated haematology analyser. We cannot ascertain whether the variation is due to differences in the equipment, differences in capillary and venous blood, or factors affecting blood collection techniques.
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- 2021
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16. Heparanase-enhanced Shedding of Syndecan-1 and Its Role in Driving Disease Pathogenesis and Progression
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Schaefer, Liliana, Frevert, Charles W., Rangarajan, Sunil, Richter, Jillian R., Richter, Robert P., Bandari, Shyam K., Tripathi, Kaushlendra, Vlodavsky, Israel, and Sanderson, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Both heparanase and syndecan-1 are known to be present and active in disease pathobiology. An important feature of syndecan-1 related to its role in pathologies is that it can be shed from the surface of cells as an intact ectodomain composed of the extracellular core protein and attached heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains. Shed syndecan-1 remains functional and impacts cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Shedding of syndecan-1 is initiated by a variety of stimuli and accomplished predominantly by the action of matrix metalloproteinases. The accessibility of these proteases to the core protein of syndecan-1 is enhanced, and shedding facilitated, when the heparan sulfate chains of syndecan-1 have been shortened by the enzymatic activity of heparanase. Interestingly, heparanase also enhances shedding by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Recent studies have revealed that heparanase-induced syndecan-1 shedding contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer and viral infection, as well as other septic and non-septic inflammatory states. This review discusses the heparanase/shed syndecan-1 axis in disease pathogenesis and progression, the potential of targeting this axis therapeutically, and the possibility that this axis is widespread and of influence in many diseases.
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- 2020
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17. Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adults With Hematologic Malignant Disease
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Ollila, Thomas A., Lu, Shaolei, Masel, Rebecca, Zayac, Adam, Paiva, Kimberly, Rogers, Ralph D., and Olszewski, Adam J.
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- 2021
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18. The Forties Field, Blocks 21/10 and 22/6a, UK North Sea
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Rose, P. T. S., Byerley, G. W., College, E., Pyle, J. R., Ralph, D. J., Rowbotham, P. S., van Oorschot, L. A., Towart, J., Vaughan, O., and Vermaas, M.
- Abstract
The Forties Field, discovered by BP in 1970, is the largest oilfield on the UK Continental Shelf. It is trapped in a simple four-way dip closure, with a Paleocene turbidite sandstone reservoir. The Forties Field originally contained between 4.2 and 5 billion bbl of oil, with 2.75 billion bbl produced to June 2017. Production has been supported by water injection and the influx of a regional aquifer. The original development contained equally spaced producers with peripheral injectors. As the field matured, production was concentrated in the crestal parts of the field with injectors tending to be moved upflank. With the development of seismic lithology prediction and fluid detection, together with 4D seismic technology, it became possible in the late 1990s to target bypassed oil in unexpected locations throughout the field. In 2003, BP sold the field to Apache who were able to rejuvenate production, adding over 170 MMbbl oil reserves, with an extended drilling campaign targeting bypassed pay identified using seismic technologies. Production at the Forties facility has been further enhanced by the development of four satellite oilfields, Bacchus (Jurassic reservoir), Brimmond, Maule and Tonto (Eocene reservoirs), together with Aviat (Pleistocene reservoir) produced for fuel gas supply.
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- 2020
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19. The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma(serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales
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Ruttledge, Annemieke, Whalley, Ralph D. B., Falzon, Gregory, Backhouse, David, and Sindel, Brian M.
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A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.
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- 2020
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20. Comparison of Therapeutic Benefit of Bupivacaine HCl Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block as Part of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway versus Traditional Oral and Intravenous Pain Control after Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
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Damadi, Amir A., Lax, Elizabeth A., Smithson, Lauren, and Pearlman, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs), when combined with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks, have been proven to reduce the length of stay (LOS) and improve quality outcomes. Nonopioid pain management is an essential component of this pathway, leading to a reduction in immobility, postoperative ileus, and an increase in patient satisfaction. TAP block variations have been studied in general and gynecologic surgery. This study evaluates the effectiveness of laparoscopic TAP blocks in conjunction with the benefit of an ERP. One hundred thirty-seven consecutive laparoscopic and robotic-assisted Colorectal Surgery patients received TAP blocks under laparoscopic guidance while under anesthesia, randomized to a placebo, bupivacaine TAP block, or bupivacaine TAP block with an ERP arm of the trial. Patient demographics, operative techniques, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed using statistical analysis software. Our main objective was to determine short-term benefits of TAP blocks on reducing total narcotic consumption. Secondary objectives included effects of TAP blocks on time to ambulation, time to bowel function, and LOS. To isolate the effect of the TAP blocks, no efforts were made to control nursing or patient education in patients managed without an ERP. Of 137 patients, 14 were withdrawn. All cases were elective, with the main diagnosis colon cancer or dysplastic polyps (47.1%). The median age in each group was comparable (P= 0.12), with female majority in both groups (58.5%). Most procedures were segmental colon resections (74.7%). Thirty-one patients received a placebo, 41 bupivacaine TAP, and 51 bupivacaine TAP plus ERP. In terms of primary endpoints, the bupivacaine plus ERP arm used statistically significant less IV narcotics on postoperative day 1 and in total (P= 0.001, P= 0.008). All patients ambulated on average within the first 24 hours postoperatively, with the TAP plus ERP group approximately 0.5 days sooner (P= 0.001). The TAP plus ERP group also had a return of bowel function and LOS approximately 24 hours early (P= 0.001 and P= 0.001). This study shows that a laparoscopically placed bupivacaine TAP block when used as part of an ERP can reduce LOS, postoperative narcotics, time to ambulation and bowel function, and LOS. Defined pain regimens with auxiliary staff teaching can add to the improvement in quality outcomes in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and, with the addition of the TAP block, can add to patient satisfaction and lower hospital costs.
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- 2019
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21. Low failure rate at short term for 40 mm heads and second generation triple annealed HCLPE liners in hybrid hip replacements.
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Thangaraj, Rajkumar, Kuiper, Jan, and Perkins, Ralph D.
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Abstract Introduction 40 mm large diameter heads offer the advantages of lesser dislocation rates and better stability while highly cross linked polyethylene have lower wear rates than ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. Studies of the survivorship of 40 mm heads in hybrid hip replacements with Exeter stem and second generation highly cross linked polyethylene are limited. The purpose of the study is to report the short term of survivorship of the large diameter heads (40 mm) with Exeter stem with the secondary aim being the survival analysis of the thinnest second generation highly cross linked polyethylene. Methods Retrospective case series of survivorship of patients with hybrid hip replacements of Exeter stems with 40 mm heads articulating with second generation triple annealed highly cross linked polyethylene liner on a uncemented acetabular shell was performed. As a subset, survival of thinnest second generation highly cross linked polyethylene survival (3.8 mm) at short term was assessed. Survival of the implants was confirmed from the hospital records and National joint registry as of 2015. Revision for any cause was taken as end point. Results 324 hybrid hip replacements with 40 mm heads had been performed for primary hip osteoarthritis. Of the 324 hip replacements, 154 hip replacements had thinnest second generation highly cross linked polyethylene (3.8 mm). Two patients had revision of components, one for periprosthetic fracture and one for deep infection. Mean age of the patients was 70.5 years (range 42–88 years, median 71, SD 8.3 years). None of the patients had revision due to trunion wear or loosening of components. The overall 5-year implant survival probability of hips with 40 mm heads was 99.4% (95% CI 98 to 100%) while the subset group of hip replacements with thinnest second generation highly cross linked polyethylene (3.8 mm) had 5-year implant survival probability of 99.3% (95% CI 97.1 to 100%). Conclusion Short term survivorship does not show significant evidence of early failure or higher rate of revision in our series of hybrid hip replacements with large diameter heads and second generation triple annealed highly cross linked polyethylene. Dislocation rate at the short term is none. Results from this series have to be carefully interpreted due to the relatively short follow up but so far results are encouraging. Long term follow up is required to conclude whether there is early or higher rate of failure. It is our intention to follow up this cohort and further publish our results at longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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22. Waterpipe Smoking in Health-Care Students: Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Motives.
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Alqahtani, Mohammed M., Goodfellow, Lynda T., Zimmerman, Ralph D., and Zavorsky, Gerald S.
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CHI-squared test ,HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH promotion ,INTELLECT ,PSYCHOLOGY of medical students ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SMOKING ,DISEASE prevalence ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is a form of tobacco smoking that is noticeably increasing worldwide, particularly among young adults. A growing body of literature indicates that college students may not be as knowledgeable as they should be in making decisions about waterpipe smoking. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes regarding waterpipe smoking use among college-based health-care students. METHODS: Two instruments were found to be appropriate to the study, and permission was obtained to modify usage in this specific study. Three hundred nineteen college-based health-care students were asked to participate and complete a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using statistical software. RESULTS: Respondents used or tried waterpipe smoking before (n = 156 [49%]). Many respondents were able to identify health hazards that might result from waterpipe smoking, but 58% (n = 187) believed that cigarette smoking was more harmful than waterpipe smoking. Chi-square tests revealed significant differences between age groups (P = .029) and program of study (P= .01) but no differences among sex (P = .76), ethnicity (P= .19), or educational status (P = .65). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that waterpipe smoking was common but not widespread among this group of health-care students. Their knowledge of the risks and health-related attitudes toward waterpipe smoking was lacking. Many had misinformation and misconceptions when comparing waterpipe smoking versus cigarette smoking. Further studies are needed to fully understand the reasons for waterpipe smoking among health-care students. Also, there is a need to offer educational campaigns that increase students' knowledge and awareness as well as to correct misinformation that can lead to misguided beliefs and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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23. Acute Reduction in Spirometry Values After Prolonged Exercise Among Recreational Runners.
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Zavorsky, Gerald S., Zimmerman, Ralph D., Shendell, Derek G., and Goodfellow, Lynda T.
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LUNG physiology ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EXERCISE ,EXERCISE physiology ,RESEARCH funding ,RESPIRATORY measurements ,SPIROMETRY ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,CONTINUING education units ,LONG-distance running ,VITAL capacity (Respiration) ,BRONCHOCONSTRICTION ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prolonged endurance running may acutely reduce spirometric lung values. This study examined changes in spirometry before and immediately after prolonged endurance exercise (running and/or walking). Specifically, we examined potential factors that predict the presence of at least a 10% postexercise reduction in FEV1. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, recruitment occurred at a pre-race exposition, where informed consent was obtained. Pre-and post-race spirometry measurements were taken from 79 study subjects who competed in a half-marathon (n = 66) or a marathon (n = 13). Spirometry was performed 1-2 days before the marathon or half-marathon and 25 min after finish the race. RESULTS: We identified a subgroup of 23 subjects with a postexercise decrease in FEV
1 of ≥10%. In this subgroup, the mean post-race values for FEV1 , FVC, and peak expiratory flow were 19-24% lower than the pre-race values. In the 56 subjects with a change in FEV1 of <10%, the mean post-race changes in spirometry values were not >6%. There was no difference between the 2 groups in sex distribution or between subjects who completed the half-marathon or the full marathon. For every 1-y increase in age, the likelihood of developing a postexercise reduction in FEV1 of at least 10% decreased by nearly 10% (R² = 0.15, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is the most probable explanation for the reduction in post-race FEV1. Prolonged endurance exercise reduced spirometric lung function by ~20% in those with EIB. Age was the only predictor for EIB, and EIB did not affect the finish times among recreational runners and/or walkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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24. El manejo del priapismo isquémico agudo: una revisión actualizada
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Falcone, M., Gillo, A., Capece, M., Raheem, A., Ralph, D., and Garaffa, G.
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Revisar la literatura actual sobre implantación de prótesis peneana temprana en pacientes con priapismo isquémico (PI) refractario.
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- 2024
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25. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics.
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Karamanos, Nikos K., Zoi Piperigkou, Theocharis, Achilleas D., Watanabe, Hideto, Franchi, Marco, Baud, Stéphanie, Brézillon, Stéphane, Götte, Martin, Passi, Alberto, Vigetti, Davide, Ricard-Blum, Sylvie, Sanderson, Ralph D., Neill, Thomas, and Iozzo, Renato V.
- Published
- 2018
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26. A timelapse camera dataset and Markov model of dust devil activity at Eldorado playa, Nevada, USA.
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Lorenz, Ralph D., Jackson, Brian K., and Lanagan, Peter D.
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We report a May-June 2015 survey of dust devil activity on a Nevada desert playa using an inexpensive digital timelapse camera. We discuss techniques for exploiting the large volume of data (∼32,700 images, made publicly-available) generated in these observations, similar to imaging from Mars landers and rovers, noting the diurnal image filesize variations as a useful quick-look metric of weather conditions. We present results from a semi-automated image classification: this classification is available to other workers, for example for benchmarking automated procedures. The acquisition of images at 1/min for some 36 days permits study of the diurnal variation of dust devil activity (e.g. 85% of the dust devil images [i.e. those images manually classified as showing dust devils] occur between 12:00 and 17:00; during the period of peak activity 13:00–15:00 about 7% of images contain well-defined dust devils of several meters diameter or larger). The data also permit the dependence of dust devil characteristics on ambient conditions. We construct a simple two-state Markov model for the occurrence and persistence of dust devils (a few per cent chance that new dust devil activity appears in the next image; and a ∼45% chance that activity stops) which may help inform strategies for acquiring and interpreting field observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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27. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis- A Case Report.
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Horner, Renee M., Gardenhire, Douglas S., and Zimmerman, Ralph D.
- Published
- 2018
28. Constraints on Venus Lightning From Akatsuki's First 3 Years in Orbit
- Author
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Lorenz, Ralph D., Imai, Masataka, Takahashi, Yukihiro, Sato, Mitsuteru, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Sato, Takao M., Imamura, Takeshi, Satoh, Takehiko, and Nakamura, Masato
- Abstract
Observations by the Lightning and Airglow Camera on Japan's Venus Climate Orbiter “Akatsuki” over its first 3 years in orbit are reported. Forty‐two opportunities during low‐altitude nightside passes have accumulated 16.8 hr of observation, yielding an area‐time product of 81.6 ×106km2‐hr, by far the largest at Venus itself to date. No flashes attributable to lightning have been detected, whereas similar observations at Earth would yield thousands of detections. A low flash rate of ~0.005 per million km2‐hr indicated in ground‐based observations is not excluded (but would require that there are not many more smaller flashes). The allowable flash rate is incompatible with the much higher rates of bursts recorded by magnetic and electric field sensors at Venus, indicating that electrical discharges at Venus lack optical emission or that the electromagnetic detections have a nonlightning explanation or both. Nondetection in 42 observations by a dedicated flash detector on Akatsuki suggests a Venus lightning rate >~1,000 lower than EarthResult is compatible with zero flashes, with claimed ground‐based detections or with lightning that is highly clustered in space or timeNondetection is incompatible with the rate of whistler mode radio waves, suggesting that their origin is not associated with optical flashes
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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29. A Thermal Inertia Map of Titan
- Author
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MacKenzie, Shannon M., Lora, Juan M., and Lorenz, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Like Earth, the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is affected by the ability of the surface to store and release heat. Modeling efforts have shown that global temperature distributions and wind profiles differ between simulations describing Titan's surface with a uniform thermal inertia. Cassini‐Huygensdemonstrated, however, that a variety of morphologies and compositions make up the Titanian landscape. Using data from CassiniRADAR and the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, we classified the surface into five terrain types: dune, lake, hummocky, plains, and labyrinth. We estimated the thermal and physical properties (conductivity, specific heat, and density) for each type, creating a 1° × 1° global map of thermal inertia values. For the lakes, as the depth of convection is not yet known, we considered both still and convective bodies. Four simulations of the Titan Atmospheric Model were run with different surface thermal properties: a low homogeneous thermal inertia, a moderate homogeneous, the heterogeneous map with still lakes, and the heterogeneous map with convective lakes. In dry regimes (i.e., without the hydrological cycle), the differences between the four cases were generally minimal, suggesting that general circulation models can use a single (moderate) value for surface thermal inertia value for large‐scale investigations that do not consider diurnal variations. Given the importance of hydrological processes and regional spatial diversity on Titan, future work should consider the effects of nonuniform thermal inertia on Titan's climate on local and regional scales. Titan's heterogeneous surface morphologies and compositions suggest a diversity of thermal inertia valuesLarge‐scale investigations by general circulation models can use a single‐valued moderate thermal inertiaRegional and diurnal variations probably warrant considering heterogeneous thermal inertia
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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30. In search of Robert Bruce, part I: Craniofacial analysis of the skull excavated at Dunfermline in 1819
- Author
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Wilkinson, Caroline M., Roughley, Mark, Moffat, Ralph D., Monckton, Darren G., and MacGregor, Martin
- Abstract
Robert Bruce, king of Scots, is a significant figure in Scottish history, and his facial appearance will have been key to his status, power and resilience as a leader. This paper is the first in a series that discusses the burial and skeletal remains excavated at Dunfermline in 1819. Parts II and III discuss the evidence relating to whether or not the burial vault and skeleton belong to Robert Bruce, and Part I analyses and interprets the historical records and skeletal structure in order to produce a depiction of the facial appearance of Robert Bruce.
- Published
- 2019
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31. Interprofessional Collaboration and Peer Mentors for Bowel Education in Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Consultation
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Cabigon, Ralph D., Wojciechowski, Elizabeth, Rosen, Lisa, Miller, David, Mix, Cristina, and Chen, David
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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32. Four years after implementation of a national micronutrient powder program in Kyrgyzstan, prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is lower, but prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is higher
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Lundeen, Elizabeth A., Lind, Jennifer N., Clarke, Kristie E. N., Aburto, Nancy J., Imanalieva, Cholpon, Mamyrbaeva, Tursun, Ismailova, Asel, Timmer, Arnold, Whitehead, Ralph D., Praslova, Larissa, Samohleb, Galina, Minbaev, Muktar, Addo, O. Yaw, and Serdula, Mary K.
- Abstract
Background/Objectives:: In 2009, the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan launched a national Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) program which included point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders (MNP) containing iron, vitamin A, and other micronutrients. Caretakers of children aged 6–23 months were given 30 sachets of MNP every 2 months. Micronutrient surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2013. The objective of the study was to compare the prevalence of anemia and deficiencies of iron and vitamin A among children aged 6–29 months prior to the MNP program (2009) with those after full implementation (2013). Subjects/Methods:: Cross-sectional national surveys were conducted in 2009 (n= 666) and 2013 (n= 2150). Capillary blood samples were collected to measure hemoglobin, iron (ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) and vitamin A (retinol binding protein [RBP]) status, and inflammation status (C-reactive protein [CRP] and α-1-acid glycoprotein [AGP]). Ferritin, sTfR, and RBP were adjusted for inflammation; hemoglobin was adjusted for altitude. Results:: The prevalence of anemia was non-significantly lower in 2013 compared to 2009 (32.7% vs. 39.0%, p= 0.076). Prevalence of inflammation-adjusted iron deficiency (54.8% vs. 74.2%, p<0.001) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 25.5% vs. 35.1%, p= 0.003) were lower and the prevalence of inflammation-adjusted vitamin A deficiency was higher (4.3% vs. 2.0%, p= 0.013) in 2013 compared to 2009. Conclusions:: Four years after the initiation of a national Infant and Young Child Nutrition program including the introduction of point-of-use fortification with MNP, the prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA is lower, but the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is higher.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Modeling of Seasonal Lake Level Fluctuations of Titan's Seas/Lakes
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Tokano, Tetsuya and Lorenz, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Seasonal variations in lake levels of Titan's hydrocarbon seas/lakes are predicted by an ocean circulation model in an effort to understand the observed temporal changes in lake size or lack thereof. Three different ground permeabilities are assumed so as to change the relative importance of precipitation, evaporation, river runoff, and groundwater seepage for the lake methane budget. The lake level generally rises in the rainy season around the summer solstice and falls or stagnates during long dry periods in autumn and winter. The annual lake level range in the northern hemisphere amounts to 50–120 cm depending on geographic location and size of the lakes and ground permeability. If the hydraulic connection between Punga Mare and Kraken Mare is weak, the lake level range of Punga Mare amplifies at the expense of other seas and also establishes a large lake level difference between these two seas, which is not compatible with the observation by the Cassini spacecraft. On‐lake precipitation would cause the lake level of Ontario Lacus to vary seasonally by merely 15 cm, yet river runoff from the huge catchment area can increase the annual lake level range to several meters. The shrinkage of Ontario Lacus observed by Cassini is more likely to be caused by lakebed seepage than by evaporation. The ultimate cause of the difference in the seasonal behavior between northern and southern lakes may be the hemispheric asymmetry in precipitation, be it caused astronomically or topographically. Saturn's moon Titan has many hydrocarbon lakes in the polar region, but only one lake near the south pole has so far shown evidence of lake size change. In order to understand the possible difference in the temporal variation between the northern and southern lakes, we simulated numerically the seasonal lake level change of all major lakes on Titan. The lake level generally rises in spring and summer during the rainy season and falls in dry seasons due to evaporation. However, the magnitude of lake level variation strongly depends on the geographic location and size of the lakes as well as how the ground outside the lakes and lake bottom are made of. Large seas near the north pole experience moderate lake level changes of about 1 m as a response to spatially averaged precipitation and evaporation. Ontario Lacus in the southern hemisphere is located in a dry environment and rapidly grows after sporadic rainfall but also rapidly shrinks by leakage from the lake bottom. This difference ultimately reflects the north‐south asymmetry in Titan's climate. Relative importance of sources and sinks for lake level varies between north and southLake level of northern seas may seasonally vary by about 1 m due to precipitation and evaporationCurrent lake level change of Ontario Lacus is probably dominated by lakebed seepage
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- 2019
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34. Gentle Perseverance Lifts the Veil on Martian Dust
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Lorenz, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Observations with sensitive photodiode detectors on the Perseverance rover (Hueso et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JE007516; Vicente‐Retortillo et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022je007672) to detect dust devils and track formation, and movies of the Ingenuity helicopter's downwash impingement on the Martian surface (Lemmon et al., 2022a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022je007605; Lemmon et al., 2022b, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100126), together with in‐situ meteorological data, give new insights into the important problem of dust‐lifting on Mars, a phenomenon which influenced the lifetime of recent rovers and landers. These results, together with new low‐gravity wind tunnel experiments on parabolic flights and interpretation of the large blast pattern from lander retrorockets, indicate that particle motion and visible darkening on Mars can result from aerodynamic pressures of only 1–5 Pa, considerably less than previously thought. Dust is important on Mars, not least in that dust falling on solar panels limits the life of spacecraft. New measurements from the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter show that dust may be lifted off the ground more easily than had been thought. New data show the dust‐lifting threshold may be lower than had been assumedThe dust‐lifting threshold may help interpret features such as dust devil tracks and impact blast wavesObservation of dust devil tracks from orbit may help diagnose the rate of solar array cleaning New data show the dust‐lifting threshold may be lower than had been assumed The dust‐lifting threshold may help interpret features such as dust devil tracks and impact blast waves Observation of dust devil tracks from orbit may help diagnose the rate of solar array cleaning
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- 2023
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35. Beech shearing/high-stumping to control understory interference.
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Nyland, Ralph D.
- Subjects
WEED control ,VEGETATION & climate - Abstract
The research evaluated opportunities for cutting off small understory beech root suckers at 0.6-0.9 m above ground. By six years (pilot test) after cutting with lopping shears in a closed-canopy uneven-aged northern hardwood stand, 91% of high stumps lacking a residual live branch had died. Of those cut above the lowest living branch, all survived. In a later operational trial by contract crews using chainsaws two growing seasons before a selection system cutting, 75% of high stumps without a residual live branch had died by the fifth year. Of stumps cut below the lowest living branch and that initially sprouted, only 7% had a live sprout by the sixth year. Among high stumps cut above the lowest branch, 84% survived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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36. CHAPTER 2: EMPLOYEES: Substantive Constitutional Rights.
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Daggett, Lynn M., Mawdsley, Ralph D., and Mawdsley, Janies L.
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CIVIL rights ,CIVIL service ,EQUAL rights ,SCHOOL boards ,GOVERNMENT employee rights ,SCHOOL superintendents - Published
- 2017
37. CHAPTER 2: EMPLOYEES: Discrimination in Employment.
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Daggett, Lynn M., Mawdsley, Ralph D., and Mawdsley, Janies L.
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AGE discrimination in employment ,FAMILY & Medical Leave Act of 1993 (U.S.) ,EMPLOYMENT discrimination ,SCHOOL employees ,PRIVATE schools - Published
- 2017
38. Heparanase: From basic research to therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammation.
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Vlodavsky, Israel, Singh, Preeti, Boyango, Ilanit, Gutter-Kapon, Lilach, Elkin, Michael, Sanderson, Ralph D., and Ilan, Neta
- Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Heparanase expression is enhanced in almost all cancers examined including various carcinomas, sarcomas and hematological malignancies. Numerous clinical association studies have consistently demonstrated that upregulation of heparanase expression correlates with increased tumor size, tumor angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis. In contrast, knockdown of heparanase or treatments of tumor-bearing mice with heparanase-inhibiting compounds, markedly attenuate tumor progression further underscoring the potential of anti-heparanase therapy for multiple types of cancer. Heparanase neutralizing monoclonal antibodies block myeloma and lymphoma tumor growth and dissemination; this is attributable to a combined effect on the tumor cells and/or cells of the tumor microenvironment. In fact, much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. The repertoire of the physio-pathological activities of heparanase is expanding. Specifically, heparanase regulates gene expression, activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive inflammatory responses, tumor survival, growth, dissemination and drug resistance; but in the same time, may fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, stress response, and heparan sulfate turnover. Heparanase is upregulated in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and the surviving cells acquire chemoresistance, attributed, at least in part, to autophagy. Consequently, heparanase inhibitors used in tandem with chemotherapeutic drugs overcome initial chemoresistance, providing a strong rationale for applying anti-heparanase therapy in combination with conventional anti-cancer drugs. Heparin-like compounds that inhibit heparanase activity are being evaluated in clinical trials for various types of cancer. Heparanase neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are being evaluated in pre-clinical studies, and heparanase-inhibiting small molecules are being developed based on the recently resolved crystal structure of the heparanase protein. Collectively, the emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, innate immune cells, activated endothelial cells as well as other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a master regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a prime target for therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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39. Who can challenge Alabama's Young for Heisman?
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Russo, Ralph D.
- Published
- 2021
40. Fast, reliable spin-orbit-torque switching in three terminal magnetic tunnel junctions with Hf dusting layer
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Drouhin, Henri-Jean, Wegrowe, Jean-Eric, Razeghi, Manijeh, Jaffrès, Henri, Shi, Shengjie, Ou, Yongxi, Ralph, D. C., and Buhrman, R. A.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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41. New neotropical species of Phyllachorales based on molecular, morphological, and ecological data
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Mardones, Melissa, Trampe-Jaschik, Tanja, Hofmann, Tina A., Mangelsdorff, Ralph D., and Piepenbring, Meike
- Abstract
ABSTRACTSpecies of tropical tar spot fungi (Phyllachorales, Ascomycota) are obligate biotrophic plant parasitic fungi associated with living leaves of a wide range of families of host plants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, samples of tropical tar spot fungi were collected in forests in Costa Rica and Panamá. To identify taxa, we used morphology and information on host plants and combined multigene phylogeny of four genes: the large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), the complete internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2; ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1). Here we propose one new species in the genus Camarotellaand eight new species in Telimenawith their morphological descriptions, illustrations, and sequence data. The newly described species are Camarotella licaniaeon Licania arborea(Chrysobalanaceae) and in the genus Telimena: T. billiaeon Billia rosea(Sapindaceae), T. drymoniaeon Drymonia multiflora(Gesneriaceae), T. hydrangeaeon Hydrangeasp. (Hydrangeaceae), T. miravallensison Symplocos panamensis(Symplocaceae), T. protiion Protiumsp. (Burseraceae), T. rinoreaeon Rinoreasp. (Violaceae), T. semialariion Semialarium mexicanum(Celastraceae), and T. triseptataon Tapirira mexicana(Anacardiaceae). The new name Telimena nitenson Schlegelia brachyanta(Schlegeliaceae) is presented and 10 species of Phyllachoraare transferred to Telimena, leading to the new combinations T. canarii, T. galavisii, T. insueta, T. ruelliae, T. scutiformis, T. serjaniicola, T. spicatae, T. subrepens, T. symploci, and T. symplocicola. Additionally, revisions of tar spot fungi on host families Burseraceae, Sapindaceae, and Symplocaceae are provided, and four new synonyms are proposed.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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42. Expected Seismicity and the Seismic Noise Environment of Europa
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Panning, Mark P., Stähler, Simon C., Huang, Hsin‐Hua, Vance, Steven D., Kedar, Sharon, Tsai, Victor C., Pike, William T., and Lorenz, Ralph D.
- Abstract
Seismic data will be a vital geophysical constraint on internal structure of Europa if we land instruments on the surface. Quantifying expected seismic activity on Europa both in terms of large, recognizable signals and ambient background noise is important for understanding dynamics of the moon, as well as interpretation of potential future data. Seismic energy sources will likely include cracking in the ice shell and turbulent motion in the oceans. We define a range of models of seismic activity in Europa's ice shell by assuming each model follows a Gutenberg‐Richter relationship with varying parameters. A range of cumulative seismic moment release between 1016and 1018Nm/yr is defined by scaling tidal dissipation energy to tectonic events on the Earth's moon. Random catalogs are generated and used to create synthetic continuous noise records through numerical wave propagation in thermodynamically self‐consistent models of the interior structure of Europa. Spectral characteristics of the noise are calculated by determining probabilistic power spectral densities of the synthetic records. While the range of seismicity models predicts noise levels that vary by 80 dB, we show that most noise estimates are below the self‐noise floor of high‐frequency geophones but may be recorded by more sensitive instruments. The largest expected signals exceed background noise by ∼50 dB. Noise records may allow for constraints on interior structure through autocorrelation. Models of seismic noise generated by pressure variations at the base of the ice shell due to turbulent motions in the subsurface ocean may also generate observable seismic noise. In this study, we are looking at sources that vibrate the outer ice shell of Europa and produce energy recorded by a seismometer. We are interested in this because seismology has been the best tool for determining the interior structure of the Earth; therefore, we want to consider how much energy we expect to go into seismic activity on Europa. In this study, we simulate long seismic recordings assuming that icequakes behave statistically similar to earthquakes. This predicts how frequently we expect events of different sizes. By scaling the total energy released observed on the Earth's moon by the much higher tidal energy available to Europa, we predict a range of simulated event catalogs. With those catalogs, we simulate the seismic waves recorded at a seismometer. This lets us determine how large events are likely to be, and also what the more or less continuous background noise from many small events will look like. We also examine a technique that can use an approach called autocorrelation to pull signals out of the noise, which in our simulated records show a clear energy arrival representing energy reflected from the ocean bottom. We conclude that a simple instrument does not have enough sensitivity to reliably record either the large signals or the background noise on Europa's surface, but a more sensitive instrument may record the background noise for periods shorter than 10 s, as well as very likely recording signals from larger events expected to occur a few times per week of observation. Seismic activity level and ambient seismic noise due to tidal cracking in the ice on Europa are estimatedActivity and noise are modeled with a Gutenberg‐Richter relationship using numerical wave propagationAutocorrelation of seismic noise may potentially be used to determine structure in the absence of large events
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Seismic Wave Propagation in Icy Ocean Worlds
- Author
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Stähler, Simon C., Panning, Mark P., Vance, Steven D., Lorenz, Ralph D., van Driel, Martin, Nissen‐Meyer, Tarje, and Kedar, Sharon
- Abstract
Seismology was developed on Earth and shaped our model of the Earth's interior over the twentieth century. With the exception of the Philae lander, all in situ extraterrestrial seismological effort to date was limited to other terrestrial planets. All have in common a rigid crust above a solid mantle. The coming years may see the installation of seismometers on Europa, Titan, and Enceladus, so it is necessary to adapt seismological concepts to the setting of worlds with global oceans covered in ice. Here we use waveform analyses to identify and classify wave types, developing a lexicon for icy ocean world seismology intended to be useful to both seismologists and planetary scientists. We use results from spectral‐element simulations of broadband seismic wavefields to adapt seismological concepts to icy ocean worlds. We present a concise naming scheme for seismic waves and an overview of the features of the seismic wavefield on Europa, Titan, Ganymede, and Enceladus. In close connection with geophysical interior models, we analyze simulated seismic measurements of Europa and Titan that might be used to constrain geochemical parameters governing the habitability of a sub‐ice ocean. Icy ocean worlds, like Europa or Titan harbor an ocean below a solid ice layer. This ocean may be habitable but is difficult to study from orbit. We demonstrated that surface‐installed seismometers are able to measure ice thickness and ocean depth directly and help constrain ocean temperature and chemistry, which are both critical for potential habitability. This paper tries to bridge the gap between methods of seismology on Earth and potential icy moon seismology by adapting common concepts to this setting. Using seismic wavefield simulations on high‐performance computers, we showcase a few tests for ice thickness, ocean depth, location of seismic events, and the existence of high‐pressure ice layers below an ocean. The paper focuses on Europa and Titan, with a more general description of Ganymede and Enceladus. The seismic waveform databases are made available to the seismological and planetary community to allow other researchers to build their own studies on icy ocean world seismology. Prepares for icy moon seismology by proposing a phase‐naming schemeObservation of a few magnitude 3 events allows estimates of ice thickness and ocean depthThe existence of high‐pressure ice phases can be inferred from spectral analysis
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Alluvial and fluvial fans on Saturn's moon Titan reveal processes, materials and regional geology
- Author
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Radebaugh, Jani, Ventra, Dario, Lorenz, Ralph D., Farr, Tom, Kirk, Randy, Hayes, Alex, Malaska, Michael J., Birch, Sam, Liu, Zac Yung-Chun, Lunine, Jonathan, Barnes, Jason, Le Gall, Alice, Lopes, Rosaly, Stofan, Ellen, Wall, Steve, and Paillou, Philippe
- Abstract
Fans, landforms that record the storage and transport of sediment from uplands to depositional basins, are found on Saturn's moon Titan, a body of significantly different process rates and material compositions from Earth. Images obtained by the Cassini spacecraft's synthetic aperture radar reveal morphologies, roughness, textural patterns and other properties consistent with fan analogues on Earth also viewed by synthetic aperture radar. The observed fan characteristics on Titan reveal some regions of high relative relief and others with gentle slopes over hundreds of kilometres, exposing topographic variations and influences on fan formation. There is evidence for a range of particle sizes across proximal to distal fan regions, from c.2 cm or more to fine-grained, which can provide details on sedimentary processes. Some features are best described as alluvial fans, which implies their proximity to high-relief source areas, while others are more likely to be fluvial fans, drawing from larger catchment areas and frequently characterized by more prolonged runoff events. The presence of fans corroborates the vast liquid storage capacity of the atmosphere and the resultant episodic behaviour. Fans join the growing list of landforms on Titan derived from atmospheric and fluvial processes similar to those on Earth, strengthening comparisons between these two planetary bodies.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Mesenchymal stem cells expressing osteoprotegerin variants inhibit osteolysis in a murine model of multiple myeloma
- Author
-
Higgs, Jerome T., Lee, Joo Hyoung, Wang, Hong, Ramani, Vishnu C., Chanda, Diptiman, Hardy, Cherlene Y., Sanderson, Ralph D., and Ponnazhagan, Selvarangan
- Abstract
The current treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) osteolytic lesions are mainly combinations of chemotherapy and other small-molecule inhibitors, but toxic side effects still remain a major concern. Studies have shown that osteoclast activity is enhanced in MM patients through increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor ?B ligand (RANKL), triggering RANK signaling on osteoclast precursors, which results in aggressive bone resorption. Furthermore, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, and the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are significantly decreased in myeloma patients with multiple bone lesions. Thus, the use of OPG as a therapeutic molecule would greatly decrease osteolytic damage and reduce morbidity. However, in addition to inhibiting osteoclast activation, OPG binds to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), thereby rendering the tumor cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and limiting the use of OPG for therapy. The present study developed a bone-disseminated myeloma disease model in mouse and successfully tested a cell therapy approach using MSCs, genetically engineered to express OPG variants that retain the capacity to bind RANKL, but do not bind TRAIL. Our results of skeletal remodeling following this regenerative stem cell therapy with OPG variants indicated a significant protection against myeloma-induced osteolytic bone damage in areas of major myeloma skeletal dissemination, suggesting the potential of this therapy for treating osteolytic damage in myeloma patients.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mesenchymal stem cells expressing osteoprotegerin variants inhibit osteolysis in a murine model of multiple myeloma
- Author
-
Higgs, Jerome T., Lee, Joo Hyoung, Wang, Hong, Ramani, Vishnu C., Chanda, Diptiman, Hardy, Cherlene Y., Sanderson, Ralph D., and Ponnazhagan, Selvarangan
- Abstract
The current treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) osteolytic lesions are mainly combinations of chemotherapy and other small-molecule inhibitors, but toxic side effects still remain a major concern. Studies have shown that osteoclast activity is enhanced in MM patients through increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), triggering RANK signaling on osteoclast precursors, which results in aggressive bone resorption. Furthermore, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, and the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are significantly decreased in myeloma patients with multiple bone lesions. Thus, the use of OPG as a therapeutic molecule would greatly decrease osteolytic damage and reduce morbidity. However, in addition to inhibiting osteoclast activation, OPG binds to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), thereby rendering the tumor cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and limiting the use of OPG for therapy. The present study developed a bone-disseminated myeloma disease model in mouse and successfully tested a cell therapy approach using MSCs, genetically engineered to express OPG variants that retain the capacity to bind RANKL, but do not bind TRAIL. Our results of skeletal remodeling following this regenerative stem cell therapy with OPG variants indicated a significant protection against myeloma-induced osteolytic bone damage in areas of major myeloma skeletal dissemination, suggesting the potential of this therapy for treating osteolytic damage in myeloma patients.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. 834 The roles of plasma versus local pyrophosphate in ectopic calcification disorders
- Author
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Ralph, D., Uitto, J., and Li, Q.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Prise en charge chirurgicale d'un micropénis par phalloplastie par lambeau antérolatéral de cuisse.
- Author
-
Schirmann, A., Christopher, A., Ralph, D., and Lee, W.
- Abstract
Copyright of Proges en Urologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Nanosecond-Timescale Low Energy Switching of In-Plane Magnetic Tunnel Junctions through Dynamic Oersted-Field-Assisted Spin Hall Effect.
- Author
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Aradhya, S. V., Rowlands, G. E., Oh, J., Ralph, D. C., and Buhrman, R. A.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Response of the sugar maple borer to ice-damaged sugar maple in three northern hardwood stands.
- Author
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Allen, Douglas C., Dalton, Jeremy, Nyland, Ralph D., and Bevilacqua, Eddie
- Subjects
BORERS (Insects) ,SUGAR maple diseases & pests ,HARDWOODS ,ICE storms ,STORM damage ,FOREST restoration ,SILVICULTURAL systems - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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