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Copyright of Annals of 'Constantin Brancusi' University of Targu-Jiu. Juridical Science Series is the property of Universitatea Constantin Brancusi din Targu-Jiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 30TH, 2008 ARE ACTUALLY THE FIRST PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA FOLLOWING OUR COUNTRY'S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION IN 2007. THIS ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS THE MAIN ELECTORAL FRAUD METHODS USED BY THE POLITICAL PARTIES, BOTH DURING THE ELECTION CAMPAIGN AND DURING THE ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THESE ELECTIONS. CONCURRENTLY, IN ORDER TO HIGHLIGHT THESE ELECTORAL FRAUD METHODS, THE 2008 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED IN COMPARISON WITH THOSE OF 1946, WHICH LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON STRATEGIES REGARDING THE MANNER IN WHICH THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN WAS CARRIED OUT, THE UNFOLDING OF THE ELECTION DAY, ATTEMPTS AND EVEN SUCCESSFUL MANIPULATION OF THE CITIZENS IN CHOOSING CERTAIN PARTIES OR THEIR CANDIDATES. THUS, THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORAL FRAUD METHODS OF NOVEMBER 30TH 2008 MANIFESTED IN VARIOUS FORMS, SOME OLDER AND SOME MORE RECENT. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO OBSERVE, THROUGH COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, THE 2008 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORAL FRAUD METHODS, NAMELY THE COMMON ASPECTS BETWEEN THEM AND THOSE OF NOVEMBER 19TH 1946, FROM AN ELECTION ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT POINT OF VIEW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the multiple determinations of the individual as labour force, a single public policy is not sufficient to peer the labour market. In such a context, much more public policies must be used, in an inter-correlated way, in order to satisfy all these determinations (moral, cultural, social, even political). My proposal has as ambition to identify the public policies which are adequate to form a specific mix of public policies able to address the complex personality of the individual involved on the labour market, like: fiscal policy, monetary policy, incomes policy, social policy and so on. The main problem here seems to be the interrelationships among the mentions policies, so avoid the redundancies, the contradictory oppositions, or the un-convergence within the set of the mixed policies. So, the project will develop logical analyses, and institutional designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main premise from which my study starts is the existence of a historical and psychological continuity at the level of the Romanian political culture before and after communism. Relevant to the nature of political system in which it manifests and to the "basic personality" which spreads, civic culture is a variable whose value indicates the economic development and the high level of democratic institutions, the confidence and hope that decisions will depend of citizens. Civic culture also assume a concern for knowledge, a vocation whereby it grows even when political environment is not favorable to this preoccupation. The current economic and democratic crisis prove that civic culture exercise is almost impossible not only in totalitarian regimes. Beyond theoretical premises, this communication takes into account some historical and psychological features of the Romanian political culture on which it can be sketched the portrait of the Romanian citizen whose current "critical" activity is not taken into account by representatives of political power. In this respect, we use the procurement of political philosophy, but also those of policy compared, and we assume that the space (at least intentional) of democracy is that where the citizen may exercise loyalty and participatory skills. We find that underdevelopment of genuine civic culture, the persistance of patriarchal or dependent culture and offensive of subculture, the citizen passivity, corruption, careerism, opportunism and selfishness, amorality that privileges the circumstantially meaning of the civic culture led to a widespread democratic deception. Could the Romanian citizen find constructive solutions or alternatives in this decadent political situation through participatory democracy? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the single case study of Romanian People's Party Dan Diaconescu. Using the concepts of a personal party and a business-firm-party, the authors analyze the emergence, electoral success and decline of this party. Main attention is paid to the personality of the leader as well as to organizational features of the party. Empirical evidence from the PPDD shows that personal/business-firm parties have major difficulties in outliving periods of electoral decline, particularly in cases where the party is fully dependent on the leaders' private resources. As such, this single case analysis contributes to the general literature on new parties by gaining an in-depth understanding of the importance of the early stages of party development in predicting a party's development over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY COVERS BOTH THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE, GIVEN THAT IT OUTLINES THE CORE INTERESTS OF THE NATION AND SETS GUIDELINES TO MEET CURRENT AND FUTURE THREATS AND MANAGE FAVORABLE OUTCOMES. SECURITY REPRESENTS NOT ONLY ROMANIA'S CRUCIAL ISSUE, BUT ALSO THAT OF THE ENTIRE HUMAN SOCIETY AND ITS DEFINITION REMAINS THE MOST IMPORTANT SUBJECT WITHIN OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE CURRENTLY IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION AND ADAPTATION IN ORDER TO FACE NEW CHALLENGES AND DANGERS IN THE NEW SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corruption is affecting people and governments all over the world. Recently, fighting against corruption became a priority for all European countries and especially for Romania. In the last years, Romania has made important steps in fighting corruption and adopted new anti-corruption strategy. Anticorruption measures were analyzed in Romania and new efforts started with the new Fiscal Antifraud Directorate General established at the end of 2013. This new organism will collaborate with other control bodies in order to reduce corruption and to facilitate the economic development and the better quality of life. According to World Economic Forum (2015), access to financing became the most problematic factor of doing business in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN THE NIGHT BETWEEN 21 AND 22 DECEMBER DEMONSTRATORS RAISED AN BARRICADE AT THE INTERCONTINENTAL TO PROTECT THEM AGAINST TROOPS REPRESSION. IS INTERESTING THEIR WAY OF THINKING ABOUT THE MEANS OF PROTECTION THEY USED TO DEFEND THEMSELVES BUT AS HE CONFESSES DUMITRU DINCA, ONE OF THE PARTICIPANTS AND SPEAKERS FROM UNIVERSITY SQUARE, RAISING THE BARRICADE WAS PURELY PSYCHOLOGICAL BECAUSE ONLY REINFORCED THE BELIEF OF A GREATER PERSONAL SECURITY, BUT A SIMPLE TANK COULD EASILY PENETRATE INSIDE THE PERIMETER BARRICADED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THAT IT WAS MADE OF "CHAIRS, METAL RODS PICKED OFF THE AREA WHERE WE COULD. HER STRENGTH WAS THE STRENGTH TO RESIST." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents some general aspects of constitutional law and public interest, specific to the democratic regime of the contemporary Romanian state. The paper is highlighted through the concise spirit with which it approaches a much wider problematic concerning the attributes and form of democratic Romanian state. The state structure, the form of government and the political regime, as component parts of the state form, arouse interest in the same extent and clarify, in the second part of the article, the constitutional issues related to the organization of political power, of the formation mode and organization of state bodies and about the methods and means of relationships for achieving power. Calling into question and academic debate of the issues related to the attributes and the form of contemporary Romanian state are justified the more so, returning in actuality, we cannot signal some political, social and administrative trends which theoretical and practical, put into question the existence of the national state, sovereign and independent, unitary and indivisible, or they are related to the implementation in society life of some concepts such as deconcentration, decentralization and regionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corruption and anti-corruption have been analyzed in many studies in numerous countries all over the world, but accounting is an important source of information for finance and statistics in order to adopt anti-corruption measures. In the last years, it has become important to reduce the level of corruption and to fight against money laundering, fraud and tax evasion. Thus, in Romania important anticorruption efforts started at the beginning of 1990 and continued as an ample process after Romania became member of the European Union. It is important to prevent corruption, to use accounting reports as "early warning" and to increase transparency by many ways including updated fiscal information on the finance ministry website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the commemorative culture of Romania after 1989/90, an important role is attributed to the inter-war period; it is described as being almost a "founding myth". After decades in which authoritarian and totalitarian regimes had shaped Romania's image and fate, the intellectual elite of the country is seeking historical legitimation for the new political development that was intended to smooth the path towards a parliamentary-democratic system. The intellectual positions fluctuated between positive-euphoric assessments of the inter-war period to explicitly critical judgements. The respective historical localisation is not insignificant for the assessment of the present political situation in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of Communism in 1989 has led to the re-appearance of multiparty system in Romania. For its organisation and functioning a series of decrees and laws were adopted. Multiparty system in Romanian society is both a condition and guarantee of constitutional democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resurgence of ethno-centered, exclusionary types of nationalisms in Eastern Europe after the fall of the communist regimes in 1989 represents a multi-layered phenomenon with complex ramifications. The aim of this paper is to delve into an extremely complicated case surrounding a very peculiar minority - the Aromanians living in Romania. This analysis aims to show that although Romania's approach to minority representation is a non-essentialist one on paper, the reserved seat system is sometimes still laced with nationalistic overtones. As a minority with a highly debated historical legacy, the Aromanians lack legal recognition and are subjected to an assimilation process that is not always as soft as it might seem. If Romania is to continue its already protracted democratic transition solving the puzzle surrounding the Aromanians seems to be a key stepping stone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of Directive 2011/92/UE has the purpose of mitigating the legislation gaps at a Member States level regarding sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. Establishing minimal thresholds at a European level seeks to discourage this phenomenon, and this is the reason why respecting these standards is fundamentally important. The directive obliges Member States to sanction four categories of crimes in a broad sense. In the current existing legislation in this domain certain redundant norms can be found and they raise difficulties of enforcement. However, these overlays of incrimination texts will be considerably adjusted once the New Criminal Code will come to force. The new code restructures the way in which the crimes regarding sexual life are regulated. The manner in which concepts are defined at a European level and the desire of the Romanian legislator to not let any deed that touches upon the dignity and sexual freedom children unsanctioned have, however, led to a certain lack of consistency, both in the current and in the future legislation. Signalling noncompliance with the European standards aims to draw attention to the need of an intervention from the legislator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxes and fees covered by Fiscal Code of Romania, with subsequent amendments and additions, shall be based on a series of tax principles. For the purpose of determining taxable profits, tax payers are required to show up in the book of records taxable income tax made from any source, in a fiscal year, as well as expenditure incurred for the purpose of achieving them, including those governed by normative acts in force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Migration is not a new phenomenon, it means there are always in different ways, and became a global affecting the majority of the countries on the world map. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of migration, and how it is reflected in public policies. After 1989, with the fall of the Communist regime in Romania, migration has become a worrying phenomenon, up to 15 percent of Romania's population, leaving the country and then emigrating to the country such as Israel, Turkey, Italy, Hungary, Germany, Spain etc. Permanent migration grew rapidly in the first years after the revolution, dropping further, due to the difficulties to obtain a long-term residence and work permit in the host countries. However, temporary migration has evolved very dynamic, requiring an economic analysis of possible positive or negative externalities of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Last 4 years showed to Romania that is impossible to deny the national feeling of passionately activism in politics: for sure, we are Latin and we remain Latin. All this big debate was related to a person and to his position in Romanian state.However, no one was able to be totally independent in his/her analyze, and, if he/she was totally independent, the press take hundreds of attacks against every person who wrote any opinion in this special problem: what kind on republic want we? Politicians want to change this year our Constitution, but I believe they won't be able to do this. In this context, we must start a real national debate of public law specialists, about this institutional problem: we want one president and one prime-minister with powers, or a prime-minister with powers and a president like a puppet? This kind of speech appears now because in 2012 and the key-word of our politics was the legitimacy. In this case, when this political concept become too strong, it is necessary to offer a legal answer. Our text tries to be one of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supporting the integration of Romanians wherever located within the communities they belong to, their participation in political decisions in the country where they are established. Efforts will be made by the Romanian Government to strengthen relations with Romanian organizations abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevention and repression of illicit gambling is a concern of the state and the organizers of such activities. In March, this year, The Romanian government, through an emergency ordinance establishing the National Gambling, specialized body of the central public administration, subordinated to the General Secretariat of the Government. In this paper, we want to make known the main reasons for such a body should be established and relevant points of view on how this institution is to govern a field that brings large amounts of money to the state budget in these times of global crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic objective of macroeconomic management, sustainable development implies the identification of an interaction space between economic, social, environmental and technological systems, in a dynamic and flexible process of functioning. Starting from fundamental macroeconomic principles, the paper synthesizes relevant aspects concerning planning, as main instrument of macroeconomic management and macroeconomic modelling, as a basis of substantiating development strategies. Likewise, the paper presents a mix of politics which operationalization could register Romania on sustainable development coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Paul E. Sum of University of North Dakota is presented. Sum states that the rule of law, which was a fundamental feature of Western democracy, provides a minimal legal standard which was use to evaluate the political leaders behavior. He says that the Romanian government was in the same situation where clientelism weakens. He adds that a real problem in Romania was transparency.

As historical evidence shows, there are multiple roads to such different forms of capitalism as "traditional commercial capitalism" and "political capitalism." And, following Weber, not all of these forms can trigger the long term stable economic growth associated with Western rational capitalism. Although previous sociological analyses have improved our understanding of post-socialism, they have generated more controversy than theoretical convergence. This is because, I contend, many sociological studies have neglected the political and historical aspects involved in the construction of markets in the former communist bloc. In this paper I discuss the features of political capitalism in post-communist Romania, a case that has been infrequently addressed by mainstream analyses of Central and Eastern Europe. Specifically, I analyze the rise of political capitalism as an effect of Romania's communist and post-communist political-institutional histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of scientific knowledge, through this research topic, we have aimed at building an index to diagnose organisational behaviour in the knowledge-based society. Regarding the empirical research plan, the originality of the work is that of presenting a qualitative study that allowed for an outline of the Romanian context of organisational behaviour in this society. Among the qualitative methods with phenomenological, comprehensive orientation of the scientific research methodology, we used the focus group, and to identify Romania's position in international rankings that identify progress towards the knowledge-based society, we used the qualitative content analysis. The research was performed through secondary data analysis collected in reports and studies of international organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the legal aspect aspects of regulaiong moral damages before and after the communist regime in Romania. Furthermore, the article specifically argues about the normative acts which regulate moral damages after Communist Regime in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role of thwarted voters and newcomers in setting the result of the December 6th, 2009 presidential runoff in Romania. For this purpose it employs panel survey data from the Romanian Election Studies, collected across three waves: pre-election, between the two rounds, post-election. Initially, it draws a picture of the main evolutions in turnout and vote between the first and the second round, with a special emphasis on vote transfers and risks associated to turnout and pro-winner overreporting. Then it analyzes the thwarted voters and their rationalities of making secondorder electoral choices in the presidential runoff. The influence of campaign developments and long-term party/candidate preferences is assessed. Finally, the article investigates the profile of newcomers (people only voting in the runoff) and the mechanisms of political mobilisation in their case. A special attention is given to how newcomers make the electoral choice in the presidential runoff and to the influence of the campaign developments on that choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the interwar moment when the democratic multiparty system turned into the authoritarian monarchic regime of Carol II. The main objective is to detect the causes which led to the suppression of the freedom of expression, an essential element for any democracy. If until the end of 1937 both politicians and journalists had been able to say anything without fearing any sanction, in just a few months the situation was to change dramatically. To understand what happened I considered it necessary to emphasize the way in which the constitutional changes imposed by the king in 1938 affected both individuals and the social and political entities (groups, parties, official and independent journals). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great challenges of Romania's EU integration is the way in which representatives of the Romanian political parties will be able to accommodate with the European style to work. It is also interesting to observe how Romanian MEPs interact with the great political families wich they integrates. We chose to analyze the ideology of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Democratic Party because they are part of the biggest parties of the European Parliament the Party of European Socialists, Christian Democratic European People's Party. It is very important to follow and the ethics of politicians when they occupy important positions and represent the interests of a large number of European citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though taken for an important asset for democracy, the political participation changed dramatically in Western democratic contexts, over the last decades. In Switzerland, for instance, it moved from political party activism to new forms of participation, as protest activism. It is acknowledged today that by moving from conventional to unconventional forms, the political participation managed to bring in large social categories that were previously excluded, especially women. What happened in Romania during the last couple of decades? Political participation is there as uneven as it generally was in the '50's, in Western contexts? Does protest in Romania differ from Western protest, especially from the Swiss case? Whereas Western protest is largely acknowledged as the continuation of participation by other means, is this the case in Romania? Or could we take protest in Romania more likely for a contestation of democratic legitimacy? The overall conclusion of this research is that protesters in Romania are very similar to their Swiss counterparts and that they are by no means a threat against the still unconsolidated Romanian democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the dynamics of electoral participation and its predictors in Romania, using both official data on turnout and post-electoral survey data. The turnout in the Romanian parliamentary elections has declined by over 50% in the last 20 years of democratic reconstruction. However, turnout decline is unevenly distributed, being more dramatic in the last decade especially in the urban areas as well as among younger cohorts of voters. The decline of turnout in parliamentary elections is also accompanied by a shift in the importance of the predictors of voting. The analyses of electoral participation and its predictors suggest that voting in the Romanian parliamentary elections has become the attribute of a minority of citizens who still feel closer to a political party, are interested in politics, trust the political institutions and leaders, ideologically place themselves at the extremes of the left-right axis, and of those who are more exposed to mobilization attempts both because they live in smaller communities in the rural areas which are more easily controlled by local political leaders and because they are part of social networks that are influenced by political parties or politicians. This is the "hard core" of a generally apathetic electorate which is unconfident in the efficacy of elections as a tool for producing social transformations, a public which is becoming less and less demanding with the politicians after the subsequent disappointments with the democratic governance after 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of web-based technologies in order to deliver government services has become a global trend in public administration. e-Government also means that governments have to act as a private entity and compete for best delivered services towards citizens due to the societal challenges and shifting relations. But such transformation has significant implications, such as answering in a collaborative, intelligent manner to the needs and demands of the citizens, to the different categories of users including the elderly, women, men, youngsters, or disadvantaged groups. The construction and management of the virtual space becomes an essential element of modern public administration. The assumption is that Governments become more efficient in an electronic "version". In order to evaluate their e-Government projects governments' need to point towards the value added that technology is bringing in terms of impact. To conduct such an evaluation one needs to include also the effort put forth in such projects - in terms of financial, human resources, and policy. All three dimensions are equally important and complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media effects within a concrete event such as the presidential campaign reveal the importance of media influence or of published polls during the campaign, which can contribute to the appearance of a spiral of silence to some candidates’ detriment. All these elements lead to changing the voting intentions and the willingness of publicly sustaining candidates. The article proves that the more people come in contact with media coverage of the electoral campaign, the more they tend to be guided by media promoted view, and the more voters get to know the estimated winners, the more they adjust public attitudes and opinions regarding candidates. Furthermore, if people become aware of the fact that their choices are unpopular, they tend to pass them over in silence or to dissimulate their real options. The appearance of the spiral of silence phenomenon can determine essential changes both in electorate’s behaviour and within the evolution of the campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic crisis proved to be an omnipresent subject nowadays. In order to understand the phenomena, it is necessary to master the concepts related to crisis, to have them very clear in your mind. That is why we considered opportune to study the economic crisis as a key element of the economic cycles. In order to support our theoretical approach, we will be analyzing the electoral cycles in Romania, and try to emphasize the relation between the spending made by governmental sector, the budgetary deficit and other macroeconomic indicators. Generally speaking, the periodicity of the electoral process - inducing effects in the economic environment - gave birth to a new type of economic cycle, known under the name of electoral cycle. The central idea that revolves around this particular species of business cycles is that in the modern democratic society, the dynamics of the electoral process strongly influence the economic activity. In the particular case of Romania, we have identified the following time intervals corresponding to election cycles: 1990 - 1992, 1992 - 1996, 1996 - 2000, 2000 - 2004, 2004 - 2008, 2008 - 2012. At the present time, we are interested in a survey of inflation, and the current paper continues the chain of studies that we began last year with the electoral cycles-unemployment relationship analysis. Taxation will also be taken in consideration by a future paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reality of public administration system in Romania shows that, in addition to normal and fair activities, negative aspects are to be noticed. Whatever the degree of truth in these assessments, the process of public administration in our country should be continuously adjusted and improved. As the debates on the role of marketing in society have increased in recent years, the tendency to extend its application areas seems to be evident; one of these is the public administration, where the reform requires mechanisms and modern methods of approach, the marketing field being included. The idea of introducing marketing in public administration represents the major theme of our paper, from theoretical and methodological aspects to practical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the 2011 issue of the journal "Synergies," volume six.

The purpose of this material is to analyze the public image of the three main candidates for the Romanian presidency. The candidates' image profiles will be quantified through several parameters, such as: political status, political behavior, achievements etc. In order to better categorize each image profile, we chose to describe the current political climate, considering that this is a pre-campaign period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with theoretical and practical position of the president in the Romanian political system. After the fall of the Ceausescu's regime Romania adopted semipresidential model, but Romanian semipresidentialism is often discussed mainly concentrating on the role of the head of state. Although the position of the president defined in the Constitution is significant, the real exercise of power of the head of state is often criticized for misuse of power. Authors firstly shortly describe the establishment of the semipresidential model in Romania and the reasons why it was chosen, then the Constitution dealing with the powers of the president is analyzed. The main goal of this article is to find the answer what are the conflicts of the presidents with the Parliament like and whether the criticism of the heads of state from the point of view of misuse of power and unconstitutional behaviour is right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay refers to the different ways of reflecting the past and of dealing with the new political, social and economic conditions and realities in the post-communist countries after 1989 using the example of Romania. As for the totalitarian systems people had lived in until 1989, both their life style and mentality had to be changed within a few years towards an open society with democracy, pluralism, free market economy and a competition system in all ranks. Living conditions have changed radically, therefore people are still searching for a new identity. Since 1990, many people have based their lives exclusively on economical success. Egoism, dog-eat-dog-society and loss of social competence and thinking have been accepted as new circumstances and adverse effects in politics, economics and society. Thus, after the communist ideology people are now confronted with the Western ideas of materialism and consumerism in the sense of a preoccupation with and an inclination toward the buying of consumer goods. On the other hand there also exists a considerable religious boom, especially in Romania. The Churches play a stabilizing role offering orientation and moral stability, asking for political and social justice and the conservation of traditional values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1962, after insisting upon the Vienna moment and comparing the points in the second Leopold Diploma, the author believed that the union was fulfilled in Vienna where the imperial authorities played an essential role. The Jesuits, who were considered the artisans of the union up to that moment, were reduced to the role of negotiators and forgers of the documents of 1697, 1698 and 1700. Because of the resentments against the "traitors" of the nation, S. Dragomir could not or did not want to understand the great change brought about in the history of Transylvanian Romanians by the political programme initiated by Inochentie. When we take into account the fact that Dragomir was one of the nationalists at the beginning of the 20th century in Transylvania, it is hard to understand his refusal to identify the birth of nationalism in Transylvania with the political action caused by the Greek-Catholic bishop. His historical writings were also influenced by the new political realities in Romania after 1944. The author hesitated to establish the causes of the religious movements led by Visarion Sarai and Sofronie of Cioara because he was influenced by the Marxist philosophy. In his interwar studies he thought the movements led by Visarion Sarai and Sofronie of Cioara had religious determinations and aimed at reestablishing the Orthodox faith. After 1955 the historian changed his conclusions, considering them social and national movements against the Hapsburgs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study there are presented a series of aspects concerning the religious behavior of the Romanian population. By using quantitative analysis we have identified a series of religious key factors which can be used by parties and politicians to obtain votes during election campaigns. The obtained results highlight the fact that people with a lower level of education are more receptive to the political messages transmitted by religious means. Also, the influence of political actions and messages having a religious character is more powerful at the level of the population with a lower standard of living. By means of quantitative analysis we have also evaluated the impact of religious and ethnical fractionalization on the political representation in the national parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]