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The relationship between the shape of a molecule and its chemical reactivity is a central tenet in chemistry. However, the influence of the molecular geometry on reactivity can be subtle and result from several opposing effects. Here, using a crossed-molecular-beam experiment in which individual rotational quantum states of specific conformers of a molecule are separated, we study the chemi-ionization reaction of hydroquinone with metastable neon atoms. We show that collision-induced alignment of the reaction partners caused by geometry-dependent long-range forces influences reaction pathways, which is, however, countered by molecular rotation. The present work provides insights into the conformation-specific stereodynamics of complex polyatomic systems and illustrates the capability of advanced molecule-control techniques to unravel these effects.

Long‐lived orogens are often characterized by basement blocks affected by polyphase thick‐skinned deformation. Deciphering these events is challenging due to the heterogeneous and complex structural histories resulting from the superposition of multiple deformation phases. For instance, the Central Cordillera of Colombia was shaped by multiple tectonic phases during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which have been poorly constrained in both space and time. To unravel the deformation history of this mountain belt, we conducted field mapping and applied a multi‐chronometric approach that included zircon and apatite U‐Pb dating of the igneous basement, epidote and titanite U‐Pb dating of structurally controlled mineralization events, K‐Ar dating of fault rock illite, and fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He bedrock thermochronology of apatite and zircon. The results reveal six deformation events along two fault systems during the past 184 Myr. This deformation history started in the Jurassic with structurally controlled magmatism and ductile deformation; followed by brittle‐ductile and fluid‐assisted basin subsidence and inversion during the Cretaceous. Finally, the Cenozoic was characterized by brittle strike‐slip and compressional deformation. Our findings show the basement response to polyphase reworking, highlighting the prominent role of ancient upper‐plate discontinuities, magmatism, and fluids. Polyphase extensional, compressional, and strike‐slip deformation in the Northern Andes Central CordilleraA geo‐ and thermochronological approach unravels the detailed deformation history of the Northern AndesRelations between exhumation, hydrothermal activity, and rock metamorphism during basement reworking Polyphase extensional, compressional, and strike‐slip deformation in the Northern Andes Central Cordillera A geo‐ and thermochronological approach unravels the detailed deformation history of the Northern Andes Relations between exhumation, hydrothermal activity, and rock metamorphism during basement reworking

Three-body recombination, or ternary association, is a termolecular reaction in which three particles collide, forming a bound state between two, whereas the third escapes freely. Three-body recombination reactions play a significant role in many systems relevant to physics and chemistry. In particular, they are relevant in cold and ultracold chemistry, quantum gases, astrochemistry, atmospheric physics, physical chemistry, and plasma physics. As a result, three-body recombination has been the subject of extensive work during the last 50 years, although primarily from an experimental perspective. Indeed, a general theory for three-body recombination remains elusive despite the available experimental information. Our group recently developed a direct approach based on classical trajectory calculations in hyperspherical coordinates for three-body recombination to amend this situation, leading to a first principle explanation of ion-atom-atom and atom-atom-atom three-body recombination processes. This review aims to summarise our findings on three-body recombination reactions and identify the remaining challenges in the field.

Los protocolos de rehabilitación multimodal ERAS en cistectomía radical han demostrado ser útiles para mejorar los resultados en la estancia hospitalaria y las complicaciones. El objetivo de este análisis es evaluar el impacto de la cirugía laparoscópica (CL) dentro de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal.

The incidence of esophageal cancer is steadily increasing worldwide. Outcome is poor, given that the majority of cases are diagnosed at advanced disease stages. However, when detected at early stages, esophageal tumors can be curatively treated through less invasive methods, resulting in a 5-year survival rate above 90%. Therefore, it is essential to identify the high-risk population and recommend those patients undergo screening using high-resolution endoscopy, adding the resources of chromoendoscopy with Lugol solution (or digital chromoendoscopy) and magnification. Such systematized examination makes it possible to recognize early-stage esophageal neoplasia and propose endoscopic submucosal dissection as treatment. In that procedure, the tumor is resected en bloc, resulting in lower morbidity and mortality, compared with previous standard treatment, including early-stage esophagectomy. The present article is a review of the latest advances in the management of superficial esophageal tumors through endoscopic submucosal dissection.

La incidencia del cáncer de esófago viene aumentando progresivamente a nivel mundial. Su pronóstico es pobre ya que en su mayoría el diagnóstico se realiza en estadios avanzados. Sin embargo, cuando es detectado en estadio precoz, las neoplasias esofágicas pueden ser tratadas de forma curativa y por métodos menos invasivos, resultando en una sobrevida de más del 90% en 5 años. Por lo tanto, es clave identificar la población de alto riesgo del cáncer esofágico y recomendarles endoscopia de alta resolución de cribado, agregando recursos de cromoendoscopia con lugol (o digital) y magnificación. Este examen sistematizado permite reconocer la neoplasia esofágica en estadio temprano, donde se puede proponer tratamiento endoscópico mediante la disección endoscópica submucosa (DES) realizándose la resección en bloque de la lesión tumoral con disminución de la morbimortalidad en comparación con el tratamiento estándar previo, incluso en estadios tempranos como lo era la esofagectomía. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los últimos avances en el manejo de las neoplasias esofágicas superficiales a través de la DES.

Evaluar los resultados de la instauración de un programa de recuperación intensificada (ERAS) para cistectomía radical en abordaje abierto con respecto a la cohorte histórica de un mismo hospital.

(Abstracted from BJOG2016;123:1990–1999)A large proportion of both short-term neonatal morbidity and mortality and long-term disability is associated with preterm birth. Women with previous preterm delivery, a short cervical length at midgestation, a twin pregnancy, and an episode of preterm labor arrested with tocolytic medication all have an increased risk of preterm delivery.

Shikonin is the major constituent of the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat external wounds, burns, or dermatitis for centuries. Nowadays, this root is commonly used as an herbal medicine against cancer. Studies carried out over the past 30 years have demonstrated that many of the effects historically associated with the use of this root have a scientific basis, with shikonin and its derivatives being responsible for its pharmacological properties. These include both anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. While previous summaries have focused on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of shikonin, the aim of this review is to report on the most current findings with regard to shikonin’s antitumor activity by summarizing and comparing the various studies published in the last ten years and discussing the pharmacological aspects that make shikonin a promising anticancer agent.

During the conceptual design phase of a Final Assembly Line (FAL), the design solutions that will meet the functional and industrial requirements are defined, i.e.: the basic requirements of industrialization. During this phase, several alternatives are studied, and the most attractive in terms of performance and cost requirements is selected. As a result of the study of these alternatives, it is possible to define an early conceptual design of the assembly line and its basic parameters. The plant needs, long cycle jigs & tools or industrial means and human resources with the necessary skills can be determined in advance. This communication presents a case study focus on the FAL of the AIRBUS A400M.

The assembly of components in the aerospace industry is currently supported by procedures based on work instructions. This documentation describes both the sequence of operations to be performed by operators and fundamental parameters of operation. However, sometimes difficulties arise, either by the difficulty of interpreting the information or because the process is too complex. This communication shows the results of the Project MOON (asseMbly Oriented authOring augmeNted reality) developed by AIRBUS Military. MOON uses 3D information from the industrial Digital Mock-Up to generate assembly instructions and their deployment by applying Augmented Reality technology. A prototype was developed for the electrical harness routing in the frame 36 of the AIRBUS A400M.

Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) comprises ordering of tasks among workstations to satisfy precedence constraints and objective functions. Due to the specific features of an aircraft, such approach is not fully suitable for the case of an aircraft Final Assembly Line (FAL). Where, the number of workstations relates to technological criteria rather than to a calculation aiming to minimize a specific parameter. Workload smoothing is addressed once the FAL configuration is defined. To improve current practices, a methodological approach was taken to address the conceptual modeling of an aircraft assembly line.

This communication describes the experience gained when implementing a Digital Manufacturing methodology to validate the industrial design of the AIRBUS A400M Final Assembly Line using commercial Product Lifecycle Management tools. The implementation project generated a remarkable innovation in the industrialization methods and tools used in AIRBUS Military, contributing to the A400M program success. The document presents: the background and reasons motivating the project, the context, the main barriers identified and the definition of a Final Assembly Line (FAL). An innovative concept of industrial Digital Mock-Up (iDMU) was coined, representing the interoperable grouping of product, processes and manufacturing resources data.

We report an extraordinary case of collision tumor consisting of a lung adenocarcinoma and a metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 56 year-old man. He was diagnosed with a pulmonary nodule 11 years after treatment of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right maxillary sinus. A non-small cell carcinoma was observed when a transbronchial biopsy was performed. The other component of the nodule was only diagnosed with pathological examination of the resection specimen.

The purpose of this work is the enhancement of the interfacial interactions between isotactic poly(propylene) and carbon nanofibers. A free radical coupling reaction was carried out by heat assisted peroxide oxidation of the nanofibers prior to their incorporation to an isotactic poly(propylene) matrix. The materials were characterized through SEM, DSC, DMTA and tensile testing. An increase of up to 17% in the Young's modulus of treated to untreated composites was attained. In combination with DSC analysis, the tensile data did not point to a possible correlation between increased stiffness and increased crystallinity. The mechanical performance of the modified composites is believed to be due to two combined opposite effects: increased chemical interaction at the interface, and peroxide-induced isotactic poly(propylene) degradation.

The enzymes 5‐lipoxygenase and elastase are therapeutic targets in dermatological disorders such as psoriasis. Fifteen extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal plants used to treat topical inflammations were screened for their inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and elastase activity in intact leukocytes and platelets. Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensaand Poria cocosinhibited 5‐lipoxygenase, with IC50 values of 141, 80 and 141 μg mL−1, respectively. The latter two species, along with Angelica dahuricaand Angelica pubescens, also inhibited elastase (IC50 values of 80, 123, 68 and 93 μg mL−1, respectively), while A. pubescens, Atractylodes macrocephala, Lentinus edodes, Rehmannia glutinosaand Paeonia lactifloraselectively inhibited 12‐(S)‐HHTrE production, a valid marker of cyclooxygenase activity. The inhibition of phospholipase A2activity by P. cocosis discussed. Dehydrotumulosic and pachymic acids, which have been isolated from P. cocos, were shown to inhibit leukotriene B4release. The results indicate that both P. cocosand F. suspensaare potentially valuable species in the management of skin pathologies involving chronic inflammation.

The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and elastase are therapeutic targets in dermatological disorders such as psoriasis. Fifteen extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal plants used to treat topical inflammations were screened for their inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and elastase activity in intact leukocytes and platelets. Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensaand Poria cocosinhibited 5-lipoxygenase, with IC50 values of 141, 80 and 141 μg mL−1, respectively. The latter two species, along with Angelica dahuricaand Angelica pubescens, also inhibited elastase (IC50 values of 80, 123, 68 and 93 μg mL−1, respectively), while A. pubescens, Atractylodes macrocephala, Lentinus edodes, Rehmannia glutinosaand Paeonia lactifloraselectively inhibited 12-(S)-HHTrE production, a valid marker of cyclooxygenase activity. The inhibition of phospholipase A2activity by P. cocosis discussed. Dehydrotumulosic and pachymic acids, which have been isolated from P. cocos, were shown to inhibit leukotriene B4release. The results indicate that both P. cocosand F. suspensaare potentially valuable species in the management of skin pathologies involving chronic inflammation.

The antiinflammatory activity of twelve medicinal plants used against skin disorders were tested in different experimental models of topical inflammation and one in vitro inhibitory test against phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Naja naja venom. Forsythia suspensa was the most active species on the arachidonic acid (AA) topical test. This last species together with Astragalus membranaceus and Ranunculus sceleratus were the most active on the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) acute ear oedema test. Scrophularia auriculata was the most active on multiple topical applications of TPA and on the oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Santolina chamaecyparissus was the only species that inhibited PLA2 in vitro. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Genetic Algorithms (henceforth G.A.) have been used during recent years as a valid option to classical optimization methods, such as heuristic ones, specially in problems with huge cardinal searching space, very common in NP-Complete problems. The goal of this work is the study of the necessary conditions (measured as the optimum values for the G.A. main parameters) to obtain the convergence in the shortest possible time. In order to reach this goal, we propose a dynamic model, based on biological models of evolution. This model will be denned by its differential equations, that we'll study to determinate the conditions that enable us to ensure the convergence of the algorithms and the conditions for accelerating this convergence.

The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzymes were assessed in the venous wall according to the methods of Bergmeyer, Szasz and Bessey, respectively, in 50 varicose veins (44.7 ± 14.06 years mean age), and 51 control veins (65.7 ± 13.4 years mean age). We also assessed the activity of venous LDH and CK isoenzyme in both groups.The most important finding was a significant decrease in LDH and CK in varicose veins, which may be of great importance in the study of varicose pathology.

Quantitative screening for red blood cell sorbitol dehydrogenase (RBC-SORD) deficiency in 111 patients with juvenile onset diabetes, 92 patients with adult onset diabetes, 42 patients with idiopathic cataracts and 192 professional blood donors was performed. A wide variability in RBC-SORD activity in controls and patients was observed. No significant differences in SORD activity either between patients with diabetes and patients with idiopathic cataracts or between diabetics with and without cataracts were observed. Whether or not there were carriers for either amorphous or hypomorphous alleles of the SORD locus in the population studied could not be defined in terms of enzymatic activity levels.

The present paper reports the results of the methanol extract of Haplophyllum hispanicum Spach on single or repeated local 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) administration and in the oxazolone-induced contact-delayed hypersensitivity mouse ear edemas. Two topical anti-inflammatory aryl naphthalide lignans were isolated from the active fractions of the methanol extract. They were identified by spectroscopic methods, including 13C NMR and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), as diphyllin acetyl apioside and tuberculatin. The former was the most active on acute TPA edema with a ID50of 0.27 µmol/ear

The antiinflammatory activity of twelve medicinal plants used against skin disorders were tested in different experimental models of topical inflammation and one in vitroinhibitory test against phospholipase A2(PLA2) from Naja najavenom. Forsythia suspensawas the most active species on the arachidonic acid (AA) topical test. This last species together with Astragalus membranaceusand Ranunculus sceleratuswere the most active on the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) acute ear oedema test. Scrophularia auriculatawas the most active on multiple topical applications of TPA and on the oxazolone‐induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Santolina chamaecyparissuswas the only species that inhibited PLA2in vitro. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.