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Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging, a rapidly evolving technology, has attracted significant attention in the field of cellular imaging. However, its primary limitation lies in its inability to analyze the motion behaviors of individual particles in live cellular environments. In this study, we leveraged the exceptional ECL properties of quantum dots (QDs) and the excellent electrochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) to develop a high-brightness ECL nanoprobe (CDs-QDs) for real-time ECL imaging between living cells. This nanoprobe has excellent signal-to-noise ratio imaging capabilities for the single-particle tracking (SPT) of biomolecules. Our finding elucidated the enhanced ECL mechanism of CDs-QDs in the presence of reactive oxygen species through photoluminescence, electrochemistry, and ECL techniques. We further tracked the movement of single particles on membrane nanotubes between live cells and confirmed that the ECL-based SPT technique using CD-QD nanoparticles is an effective approach for monitoring the transport behaviors of biomolecules on membrane nanotubes between live cells. This opens a promising avenue for the advancement of ECL-based single-particle detection and the dynamic quantitative imaging of biomolecules.

ABSTRACTFive specimens, initially presumed to be Fuligo septicaor Mucilago crustacea, were collected from Jilin Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, but all five turned out to represent a new aethaloid species, Didymium yulii. This new species is characterized by pseudocapillitia without capillitia and an aethalioid fruiting body, features that are morphologically distinct from those of any other species of Didymium. To assess the phylogenetic relationships between D. yuliiand other members of Didymiumand in the Didymiaceae, sequences from two nonoverlapping targeted portions of nuc 18S rDNA (~450 bp and ~1050 bp) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) were obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that D. yuliiforms a single clade separate from other species of Didymiumand the clade that contains M. crustacea, which strongly supports the identification of the five specimens as a new species.

ABSTRACTWe investigate the effect of individual auditor industry specialization on stock price crash risk. Although research on individual auditors has been growing, we are not aware of any prior studies that investigate industry specialization at the individual auditor-level and crash risk. Using a large sample of Chinese stocks spanning the period 2003–2015, we find a statistically significant and negative association between individual auditor industry specialization and stock price crash risk after controlling the firm-level effect. Our mediation tests suggest that individual auditor industry specialization decreases the risk of price crash by mitigating earnings manipulation. We further document that the negative association is more pronounced for firms that switch from non-specialist to specialist auditors. We also find some evidence that an auditor’s personal characteristics moderate the association between auditor industry specialization and crash risk. Our results remain robust to alternative measures of individual auditor industry specialization and sensitivity checks.

Grape white rot caused by Coniella vitisis a global concern in the grape industry. pH regulation is essential for cell growth, reproductive processes and pathogenicity in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we observed that the growth rate, spore production and virulence of C. vitissignificantly declined in alkaline pH, as well as the suppressive effect on secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the responses of C. vitisto acidic (pH=5), neutral (pH=7) and alkaline environments (pH=9). We identified 728, 1780 and 3386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9, when compared with the host pH (pH=3), and 2122 differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) in negative and positive ion mode. Most DEGs were involved in carbohydrate metabolic process, transmembrane transport, tricarboxylic acid cycle, peptide metabolic process, amide biosynthetic process, and organic acid metabolic process. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed ABC transporters, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways in response to the pH change. Furthermore, we found that the aspartate synthesis metabolic route associated with the TCA cycle is a key limiting factor for the growth and development of C. vitisin alkaline environments,and aspartate supplementation enables C. vitisto grow in alkaline environments. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) could contribute to the pathogenicity, when C. vitisinfected at pH 3. Importantly, aflatrem biosynthesis in acidic environment might contribute to the virulence of C. vitisand has a risk of causing human health problems due to its acute neurotoxic effects.

C17H12F2O1, monoclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$(no. 2), a= 7.3832(8) Å, b= 8.6467(9) Å, c= 11.3278(11) Å, α= 87.633(8)°, β= 88.022(8)°, γ= 65.364(10)°, V= 654.88(13) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0369, wRref(F2) = 0.0987, T= 293(2) K.

A Hg2+‐related quenching photoluminescence (PL) sensor was fabricated based on nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs) as the luminescent agent and glutathione as the masking agent to detect Hg2+in tap water. The addition of Hg2+significantly reduced the PL intensity of N‐GQDs, which was attributed to coordination reaction inducing the aggregation of N‐GQDs. The Hg2+‐related quenching PL sensor with glutathione as the masking agent has good selectivity and accuracy. The sensor showed a linear relationship ranging from 0.5 to 110 nM with the detection limit 0.08 nM (S/N = 3). The proposed method was applied to the determination of Hg2+in tap water, and the results were consistent with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The description of photoluminescence from nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots quenched by Hg2+.

N‐doped porous biochar (NPB) with large conjugated systems could not only be used as enrichment carriers but also be in favor of electron transport in the electrochemical detection. The NPB‐modified electrode was fabricated for the simultaneous detection of catechol (CA) and hydroquinone (HQ) to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio and further improve the sensitivity. A detection limit as low as 37 and 47 nM was achieved for CA and HQ, respectively. The proposed strategy with the merits of high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility exhibited a great potential for the detection. The preparation of N‐doped porous biochar and its electrochemical application.

The role of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of energy metabolism and the control of skeletal muscle regeneration post injury has been described previously. It remains unknown whether this metabolic sensor plays a role in the mechanism of axonal regeneration post injury. In this study, we used a sciatic nerve crushed mouse model to detect the expression of AMPK in sciatic nerve and spinal motor neurons at 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after injury by immunofluorescence staining. Electrophysiological and histopathological studies were used to confirm the nerve injury and regeneration. Our results showed that frequency of AMPK‐positive spinal motor neurons was significantly higher on day 7 after sciatic nerve crush (SNC) and peaked on day 14. No expression of AMPK was detected in axons of the sciatic nerve before and after the injury. Taken together, our study suggested a possible role of AMPK in the mechanism of motor nerve regeneration after injury.

The role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of energy metabolism and the control of skeletal muscle regeneration post injury has been described previously. It remains unknown whether this metabolic sensor plays a role in the mechanism of axonal regeneration post injury. In this study, we used a sciatic nerve crushed mouse model to detect the expression of AMPK in sciatic nerve and spinal motor neurons at 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after injury by immunofluorescence staining. Electrophysiological and histopathological studies were used to confirm the nerve injury and regeneration. Our results showed that frequency of AMPK-positive spinal motor neurons was significantly higher on day 7 after sciatic nerve crush (SNC) and peaked on day 14. No expression of AMPK was detected in axons of the sciatic nerve before and after the injury. Taken together, our study suggested a possible role of AMPK in the mechanism of motor nerve regeneration after injury.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has recently been reported to elicit the unfolded protein response (UPR) via activation of the PERK/eIF2α (RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) pathway. This study attempted to examine which viral protein might be involved in inducing UPR and whether this cellular event would lead to apoptosis of the cells expressing the viral protein. By transient expression, we found that both replicase (Rep) and capsid (Cap) proteins of PCV2 could induce ER stress as shown by increased phosphorylation of PERK with subsequent activation of the eIF2α-ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4)-CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) axis. Cap expression, but not Rep, significantly reduced antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and increased caspase-3 cleavage, possibly due to increased expression of CHOP. Since knockdown of PERK by RNA interference clearly reduced Cap-induced CHOP expression, caspase-3 cleavage, and apoptotic cell death possibly by partially rescuing Bcl-2 expression, we propose that there is connection between Cap-induced UPR and apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP/Bcl-2 pathway. This study, together with our earlier studies, provides insight into the mechanisms underlying PCV2 pathogenesis.

With unique and tunable photoluminescence (PL) properties, carbon nanodots (CNDs) as a new class of optical tags have been extensively studied. Because of their merits of controllability and sensitivity to the surface of nanomaterials, electrochemical methods have already been adopted to study the intrinsic electronic structures of CNDs. In this review, we mainly deal with the electrochemical researches of CNDs, including preparation, PL mechanism, and biosensing.

To promote engineering application of municipal sludge pyrolysis technology and reduce economic cost of sludge pyrolysis operation, the paper discussed the feasibility of sludge-based char application in three aspects: sewage adsorbent, fuel and soil improving agent. Conclusion: the sludge-based char on SCOD adsorption time in the 30min reaches saturation, the SCOD removal rate above 30%; the removal rate of sludge-carbon on A/O reactor effluent COD have less effect, but there are certain effect on nitrogen removal; the sludge-based char can be burned at 400°C, release a lot of heat, it can be used as a low-grade fuel; the sludge-based char can promote plants growth, and has a good safety performance, may be used as a good soil improving agent.

With assistance of copper ions diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on Cu substrate by liquid-phase electrochemical deposition method from a mixture of ethanol as carbon source and deionized water containing K2CO3 as electrolytic. The electrode process was analyzed and the morphology, composition and structure of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The results show that: on the condition of 40V and 7mm between the electrodes DLC films were deposited by adding K2CO3. With assistance of copper ions the electrode reaction was promoted, the deposition rate was improved. SEM shows that the DLC film deposited with copper ions assisting is comprised of uniformly distributed particles. And the Raman spectrum shows that the G band position moves to lower wavenumber and the ratio ID/IG decreases which indicate that there is more sp3 content in the film.

Currently, the traffic management technology used in vehicle dynamic weighing is gradually matured. However, in China, the existing technology has not been widely used in practical detection. The main reason is the high cost of the existing weighing system which has to destroy a short road during its construction, at the same time, requires arranging a lot of cables to form a monitoring network. This is not only harmful to vehicular traffic, but also wasteful in manpower and financial resources. This paper develops a wireless smart aggregates array based on the protocol for Zigbee802.15.4 and the passive piezoelectric structural health monitoring (SHM). By measuring the vehicle with various loads, the test is performed to validate the proposed Wireless Smart Aggregates Vehicle Dynamic Weighting System (WSA-VDWS). The experimental results are consistent with the results of actual conditions. The developed system is stable and reliable, which is able to be applied in real-time online tests of vehicle dynamic weighting monitoring.

With the construction of "The 12th Five-year Plan" put BIM (building information model)On the agenda,the development of construction industry is more and more inseparable from the BIM high-end talent.Based on the analysis of the development of BIM at home and abroad and applications in the construction industry and the present situation of fostering BIM high-end talent, on the basis of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP is established. Discuss the bottleneck of BIM high-end talent cultivation, and find out the key factors ,meanwhile put forward countermeasures,which provides scientific basis for fostering BIM high-end talents.

The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to not move to the new path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, and stressed the concept of the "new". This paper analyzed the new type of urbanization in our country development present situation and discussed the new urbanization development bottleneck. By establishing the gray comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP, find out the key factors hindering the development of the new type of urbanization in our country and put forward the corresponding strategy owning to the size of the bottleneck influence and provided scientific basis for the development of new type of urbanization.

To investigate the preliminary pharmacological screening of Cassia nomame.

Production rhythm speeding up, requiring the on-machine measurement quick and accurate, however, the measurement speed is increased along with the increase of dynamic error, so the study of dynamic error about on-machine measurement system is particularly important. This paper introduced Bayesian network to the study of dynamic error modeling about on-machine measurement system, effectively expressed the relationship between the error sources and the dynamic error, and verified the feasibility of this method.

Abstract. On the background of related statistical data of Liaoning Province from 2004 to 2011,this dissertation offered a comprehensive analysis relating construction industry development to resource-environment through a coordination model,which supplied empirical studies for construction industry and resource-environment of Liaoning province.The research result shows that the coordination degree and coordination development degree between construction industry and resource-environment in Liaoning province increased gradually from 2004 to2010,but began to decline after 2010,the coordinated development situation is not optimistic.In the end,it mentioned several solutions and suggestions which can promote to this coordinated development in the field of construction industry.

By analyzing the current situation of public project construction program evaluation study, for the public projects characteristics, establish of comprehensive evaluation index system., use AHP and DEA method to establish the evaluation model, and use DEAP software to calculate indicator data, in order to achieve an objective evaluation of public project construction program. Combined with the instance to prove the feasibility of the method, aims to provide a scientific and effective method on Construction Program Evaluation of Public project.

Based on DEA ,an empirical analysis was made on efficiency of safety input of construction enterprises in 2011.Furthermore,Tobit model was employed to analyze the correlation between the efficiency and safety input, and according to the results of analysis to determine the factors that affect safety input efficiency. The result indicates that accompanying the increase of safety input, the safety input efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of construction enterprise would be improved along with the increase of safety input. Meanwhile, the measures of the normative management system and improve the quality of the personnel training mode of safety was recommended to construction enterprise to decrease safety loss.

The measurement error contains many errors in NC machine tools processing and those errors will be mapped to workpiece at certain regularity. The control of error caused by cutting parameters during the precision and ultra precision process is one of the key technologies in NC machine tools processing. This article introduces Bayesian networks into the dynamic error separation modeling, with the learning process of Bayesian network structure and establishes the error separation model based on Bayesian networks, then carries out the comparison and analysis between simulate and experimental data to verify the feasibility of the method.

Studying how to distribute the sampling points on processing surface has important practical significance on improving the detection quality and efficiency. So, this paper introduced Bayesian networks to the research of sampling points reasonable distribution, carried out Bayesian networks classifier learning of four typical sampling methods and the result obtained through analysis experimental and simulation data verify the feasibility of this method.

The nonlinear finite element method (FEM) was used in the paper by using LS-DYNA software to numerically study the failure mechanism of light steel columns under fire and explosion. The constitutive model under the combined effects of fire and explosion was established, and the numerical simulation analysis of the columns under combined effects of fire and explosion was performed. The results showed that the failure modes of the mentioned columns were all bending shear failures. The deformation diagrams of the column under the blast and different temperatures, respectively, were proposed and this will provide a foundation for establishing the failure modes and the simplified calculation method. According to the relationship between rotation angles at the ends of the column and temperatures, the damage index of D was proposed in this paper for the evaluation of the damage level of the simulated light steel column.

Low-carbon building is the new building types under the background of low-carbon economy. Compared with traditional architectural form, the cost and benefit of the low-carbon building have changed a lot; therefore, it is necessary to analyze the low-carbon building from the perspective of cost and benefit. This paper structured an analysis mode through the cost-effective method, and also provided a new analysis idea and approach to value the low-carbon building, so it has an important referential value for the promotion and construction of low-carbon building in the whole society.

Currently biomimetic tribology study shows that high performance surface texture can achieve good friction, anti-adhesion and improve the wear resistance, which brings a new research direction for tool antifriction technology. The orthogonal cutting tests of surface micro-groove cutting tool in machining titanium alloy were presented. Different types of micro-grooves were made using laser in the rake face of uncoated tungsten carbide cutting inserts. Dry with no lubricant and minimal quantity lubricant (MQL) were used as lubrication conditions. Cutting force and cutting temperature were measured and compared. It was found that under MQL condition the surface micro-grooves could effectively improve the friction status between the tool and chip, thereby reducing cutting force and cutting temperature, and also reduce cutting temperature under no lubricant condition. The micro-grooves paralleling with cutting edge had the best effect in three types of micro-grooves.

This article expounds the connotation of core competence of construction enterprises and establishes the evaluation index system about core competence of construction enterprises in low-carbon economy perspective. Using AHP-entropy weight method to determine the evaluation index weight, then applying linear weighted to calculate comprehensive evaluation value of all target. Finally obtaining the final evaluation results.

The dynamic response and failure mode of light-weight steel columns under blast loads were studied in this paper by using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS/ LS-DYNA, aiming to develop the degree and modes of the excessive plastic deformation during failures of the columns under diverse parameters. The damaged columns with initial blast-induced deformation may evidently influence vertical stability of light-weight steel frame structures. During the numerical simulation, the element of three dimensional solid SOLID164 was used, and the strain rate effect on material strength was included in the material model with Plastic-Kinematic (MAT-03). The main parameters included in the analysis were boundary conditions, scaled distances of explosions, and the vertical compressive load ratios applied on tops of the columns. The results showed that the column with both two fixed ends was the most beneficial to resist blast shock wave, the horizontal displacement at the middle span of the columns were obviously decreasing as increasing of the scaled distances of the explosion, and the axial compression ratio only significantly influenced the column with a sliding end. The failure modes of the developed columns may be summarized as bending failure, direct shear failure, and bending shear combination failure.

ASME SA-213 T91 tubes and SA-335 P91 pipes were widely used in combined-cycle steam systems due to their greater increased temperature strength and creep behavior. In this paper, a practical and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum in ASME SA-213 T91 tube and SA-335 P91 pipe samples has been presented. This method was based on the chromogenic reaction between molybdenum(V) and sodium thiocyanate. Employing stannous chloride as a reductant, molybdenum(VI) was reduced to molybdenum(V) at the room temperature. The obtained molybdenum(V) formed an orange-red-colored (1:5) ligand complex with thiocyanate. The absorbance of the complex was measured at 470nm, and the molar extinction coefficient is 1.75´104L·mol-1·cm-1. Under the optimum reaction conditions the absorption value was proportional to the concentration of molybdenum in the range of 0.40~1.21%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0%. The proposed method was free from the interference from a large number of analytical important elements and has been applied satisfactorily to the determination of molybdenum in grade T91 tube and P91 pipe samples with the improved accuracy and precision.

In this paper, green construction project management concepts, analysis the green project management research status of our country, on this basis, establish a green construction project management evaluation system, and study and explore systematically on the evaluation methods. In the low-carbon economy, this increase of green construction project management has important theoretical and practical value.

Abstract: Objective: By analysis and evaluation of the perfusion images and perfusion parameters of the rabbits with VX2 lung tumor, the association between the perfusion parameters and tumor angiogenesis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has been studied in order to establish a non-invasive and eff ective way to detect tumor blood supply, which is be able to exhibit hemodynamic data in tumors during cancer treatments. Methods: Fifteen Netherlands rabbits inoculated with VX2 lung tumor (rabbit group) and 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (patient group) received a multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging test using the Netherlands PHILIPS Brilliance 16-slice spiral CT and a U.S. MEDRAD binocular high-pressure syringe. Image postprocessing was done using the special perfusion software and EBW 4.0 Workstation. Perfusion volume (PV), peak enhanced increment (PEI), transit time peak (TTP), and blood volume (BV) were measured and analyzed. Results: In the rabbit group, the values of the PV, PEI, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (53.89 ± 13.38) mL/(min·mL), (45.71 ± 15.52) Hu, (39.29 ± 10.10) sec, and (31.45 ± 18.19) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (36.57 ± 14.17) mL/(min·mL), (28.64 ± 11.74) Hu, (39.00 ± 9.78) sec, and (19.76 ± 13.95) mL/100 g, respectively; the values of the muscles were (12.45 ± 4.38) mL/(min·mL), (10.98 ± 5.03) Hu, (38.86 ± 10.04) sec, and (5.38 ± 2.87) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the relative perfusion volume (RPV), relative peak enhanced increment (RPEI), and relative blood volume (RBV) of the tumor margin were 4.38 ± 1.45, 3.96 ± 1.45, 9.99 ± 11.7, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.14 ± 1.08, 1.83 ± 1.45, 4.17 ± 3.39, respectively. The values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor margin vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 15.028, 10.79, and 5.88, respectively (P ≤ 0.01), with statistical significance; the values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 8.67, 7.49, and 4.55, respectively (P ≤ 0.01), with statistical significance. The values of the TTP of the tumor margin vs. TTP values of the muscles, and the TTP values of the tumor center vs. TTP values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 1.7 and 0.806, respectively (P ≥ 0.05), without statistical significance. In the patient group, the values of the PV, PE, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (88.95 ± 30.89) mL/(min·mL), (61.87 ± 27.31) Hu, (37.72 ± 12.53) sec, and (18.38 ± 7.2) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (39.77 ± 18.29) mL/(min·mL), (14.57 ± 8.1) Hu, (35.64 ± 12.41) sec, and (11.22 ± 6.02) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the muscles were (12.45 ± 6.5) mL/(min·mL), (6.14 ± 2.66) Hu, (35.68 ± 12.35) sec, and (2.23 ± 1.11) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the RPV, RPEI, and RBV of the tumor margin were 8.05 ± 5.04, 8.87 ± 4.32, and 12.16 ± 8.49, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.39 ± 1.68, 2.97 ± 2.1, 3.53 ± 2.82, respectively. The values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor margin in the patient group vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 13.8, 10.85, and 12.22, respectively (P < 0.01), with significant diff erences; these values of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 9.158, 6.26, 8.654, respectively (P < 0.01), with significant diff erences. The TTP value of the tumor margin vs. that of the muscles produced t-value, which was 0.371, and the TTP value of the tumor center vs. that of the muscles developed t-value, which was 1 (P > 0.05), without statistical diff erence. Conclusion: CT perfusion imaging technics demonstrates directly dynamic changes of blood flow to tumors, which assists in identifying tumor growth and necrosis, therefore, this research provides an evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma and has far-reaching clinical significance.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of a four‐corner arthrodesis concentrator of Ni‐Ti memory alloy for carpal collapse.

Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. However, these studies are based on either a few pre-selected genomic loci or genome-wide analysis of a single plant individual for a given cross combination, thus making the extent and generality of the changes uncertain. To further study the generality and characteristics of allopolyploidization-induced genomic instability in wheat, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes from a genome-wide perspective (by using the AFLP and MSAP markers) in four sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines with various genome constitutions, each containing three randomly chosen individual plants at the same generation. We document that although general chromosomal stability was characteristic of all four sets of allotetraploid wheat lines, genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level occurred in all these plants, with both kinds of changes classifiable into two distinct categories, i.e., stochastic and directed. The abundant type of genetic change is loss of parental bands while the prevalent cytosine methylation pattern alteration is hypermethylation at the CHG sites. Our results have extended previous studies regarding allopolyploidization-induced genomic dynamics in wheat by demonstrating the generality of both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with multiple nascent allotetraploid wheat lines, and providing novel insights into the characteristics of the two kinds of induced genomic instabilities.

It is commonly believed that the white layer formed during hard machining of steels is caused primarily by a thermally induced phase transformation resulting from rapid heating and quenching. The focus of this study is to investigate the white layers produced on the machined surfaces and on the inner side part of the chips in dry hard turning GCr15 with PCBN tools. Samples of machined workpiece and chips were metallographically processed and observed under a microscope to determine whether white layers were present or not. Some properties of white layers were deduced in order to verify some of the prevalent theories. More specifically, chip shapes were studied to determine how they developed during machining with potential appearance of white layers, with a view to correlating the chip shapes with the white layer formation.

C27H23NO3Sn, orthorhombic, P212121, a= 8.9287(7) Å, b= 15.0252(12) Å, c= 18.4531(14) Å, V= 2475.6(3) Å3, Z= 4, Rgt(F)= 0.0315, wRref(F2)= 0.0861, T= 296(2) K.

Globally, Jatropha curcasL. (Euphorbiaceae) holds much promise for producing biodiesel; it is cultivated in many tropical countries. In the South China Botanical Garden, a germplasm collection of J. curcashas been assembled on the basis of geographic location. However, this collection has not been characterized using molecular techniques associated with germplasm management and utilization. In this study, the genetic relationships of 58 J. curcasaccessions were assessed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. Seventeen microsatellite markers were developed using the FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats) protocol; only one SSR primer was polymorphic with two alleles. The seven AFLP primer combinations amplified 70 polymorphic loci in total, 14.3% of which were polymorphic. The clustering of genotypes based on the AFLP markers shows that the genetic diversity of J. curcasin Guizhou was notably different from the other samples.

Surface preparation is potentially important to the mechanical and biomedical properties of NiTi shape memory alloys. In this paper, the effect of surface preparation on fatigue life of a Ti-55.2wt%Ni alloy has been studied. Surface of the NiTi wires is prepared by five methods of chemical etching, electropolishing, oxidizing, mechanical polishing A and mechanical polishing B, and then examined by the self-developed fatigue evaluation device. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the fractures of all specimens show dimple morphology. It is found that compared with the samples after chemical treatment, mechanical polishings and thermal oxidation, electropolished sample has longer fatigue life for its lower surface roughness despite a lack of face-hardened layer.