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The article discusses the effects of psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, on pyramidal cell types in the mouse medial frontal cortex. Researchers found that psilocybin increased dendritic spine density in specific types of pyramidal cells, impacting stress-related behaviors. The study also highlighted the role of 5-HT2A receptors in mediating psilocybin's long-term effects. This research sheds light on the cellular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for mental health treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of transporting human brain tissue from the operating theater to an off-site laboratory on the intrinsic and synaptic properties of human cortical neurons. The study compared on-site and off-site recordings of Layer 2/3 pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons, revealing differences in resting membrane potential, rheobase current, action potential characteristics, and synaptic efficacy. The findings underscore the importance of optimized transport conditions to preserve synaptic integrity, network properties, and neuronal morphology in studies of human cortical microcircuits. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, China, focused on the use of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to alleviate neuropathic pain in mice with nerve injuries. The research found that intranasal delivery of AVP reduced pain sensitivity and inhibited pyramidal cells in the anterior cingulate cortex, providing potential noninvasive methods for treating chronic pain. The study suggests that AVP induces analgesic effects by inhibiting neural oscillations and reducing the firing rate of pyramidal cells in the ACC. This research offers new insights into the mechanisms of pain relief in neuropathic conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses the formation of place fields in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Place fields are specific locations in the hippocampus that are represented by distinct populations of pyramidal cells. The study investigates the calcium dynamics underlying the formation of these place fields in familiar and novel environments. The results show that while many place fields are formed through a plasticity mechanism called behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity (BTSP), there are also place fields that emerge with different calcium dynamics. The study suggests that large calcium transients alone are not sufficient for place field formation. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the information processing capabilities of neocortical pyramidal cells in the brain. These cells are able to exhibit burst firing when they receive inputs from both basal and apical dendrites. The basal inputs come from sensory pathways, while the apical inputs come from various sources that provide context in the cortical hierarchy. The article explores the different modes of information processing that occur depending on the relative strengths of these input streams, including apical cooperation, apical amplification, apical drive, and apical integration. The findings suggest that the apical amplification mode is particularly suited for contextually-modulated information processing. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the mechanisms by which pyramidal cells in the brain elicit arteriole vasoconstriction. The study used patch-clamp recording, vascular and calcium imaging in mouse cortical slices to show that strong activation of these cells induces vasoconstriction. The researchers found that this vasoconstriction predominantly recruits prostaglandin E2 through the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, as well as specific interneurons and astrocytes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex regulation of neurovascular coupling. Please note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract discusses a study on the rhythms of gene expression and electrophysiological properties in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC). The study focuses on excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, which play a crucial role in regulating cognitive functions. The researchers found that pyramidal cells have more rhythmic transcripts compared to PV cells, and these rhythmic transcripts show overlap between sexes. Additionally, the study reveals sex-specific effects on action potential properties in PV cells, which can be influenced by circadian disruption. This research provides insights into the variations in gene expression and electrophysiological properties in the PFC based on cell type and sex. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the role of axo-axonic cells (AAC) in controlling sharp wave-ripple events (SPW-R) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The study used silicon probe recordings to monitor and manipulate AAC activity in mice. The researchers found that AACs exhibited variable responses during SPW-Rs, with some showing enhanced spiking and others showing suppressed spiking. Optogenetic silencing of AACs increased the power and duration of SPW-Rs, suggesting that AACs play a role in controlling SPW-R dynamics. The researchers hypothesize that reciprocal interactions between pyramidal cells and AACs support the organization of cell assemblies during SPW-Rs. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of the FOXP2/Foxp2 gene in fine motor control and language production. The study focuses on a subset of corticothalamic pyramidal cells (PCs) in layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex that express the FOXP2 gene. The researchers systematically characterize the morphological, electrophysiological, synaptic, and neuromodulatory properties of these FOXP2-expressing PCs in the rat somatosensory cortex. They find that these cells are distinct from other neuronal cell types in L6 and project exclusively to the thalamus. The study also highlights the response of these FOXP2-expressing PCs to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine, suggesting their role as modulators of thalamic activity. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the electrophysiology and morphology of human cortical supragranular pyramidal cells across a wide age range. The study found that there are differences in biophysical properties between different age groups, indicating that pyramidal cells undergo changes throughout development and aging. The research suggests that these changes may have lasting effects on the properties of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, which could impact brain development, cognition, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to understand these changes to unravel the complex mechanisms of the brain. Please note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a preprint abstract that explores the circuit dynamics of superficial and deep CA1 pyramidal cells and inhibitory cells in freely-moving macaques. The study identifies diverse neuron classes in the hippocampal CA1 region and examines their relationship to hippocampal function and network dynamics. The findings suggest that inhibitory cell groups in CA1 have distinct roles in the functional microcircuit, while pyramidal cells in different layers exhibit differences in firing rate and interactions with inhibitory cells. The research also suggests sublayer-specific circuit organization in the hippocampal CA1 region that may contribute to cognition. Please note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Charite University Hospital and School of Medicine in Berlin, Germany, explores the balance between excitation and inhibition in cortical circuits. The researchers focused on perisomatic inhibition and its plasticity onto pyramidal cells in the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampus. They found that there were cell type-specific differences in inhibitory plasticity depending on the stimulation paradigm used. The study suggests that these differences in inhibitory plasticity may contribute to the distinct roles of different pyramidal cell types during network activation and information processing in the subiculum. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands, explored the myelination of axons in the neocortex of mice and humans. The researchers used structured illumination microscopy to examine the relationship between axonal morphology and myelination. They found that specific thresholds for axonal caliber and interbranch distance were necessary for myelination to occur. These findings suggest that axonal morphology plays a critical role in the topography and cell-type specificity of neocortical myelination. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying myelination in the central nervous system. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the effects of the general anesthetics ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials (PPs) in rat neocortical pyramidal cells. The study found that muscarine, a cholinergic agonist, induced long-lasting depolarizing PPs and spiking in the pyramidal cells. Pre-incubation with ketamine or propofol altered the muscarine-induced PPs in different ways, with propofol reducing the PPs and spiking, and ketamine enhancing them. However, high concentrations of both drugs suppressed the PPs, suggesting a possible connection between PPs, desynchronized activity, and consciousness. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that the activation of layer 5 Martinotti cells in the motor cortex can improve fine motor function. These cells receive direct input from thalamic nuclei and their activation reduces the plasticity of pyramidal cells, which are involved in motor learning. In mice that had already learned a reach-and-grasp task, the activation of Martinotti cells resulted in improved performance. This research suggests that the activation of these specific cells can help preserve already acquired motor skills. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Beijing Normal University have conducted a study on working memory and its ability to maintain sequential and concurrent information. The study found that the load enhances the y band oscillation during the delay period. The researchers developed a continuous network model consisting of pyramidal cells, high-threshold fast-spiking interneurons (FS), and low-threshold nonfast-spiking interneurons (nFS) to investigate the mechanism underlying the enhancement of y power in cognitive executions. The study concluded that the s oscillation results from the interaction between pyramidal cells and nFS, while the y oscillation emerges from the interaction between pyramidal cells and FS. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a biophysical minimal model that investigates age-related changes in CA1 pyramidal cell electrical activity in the brain. The model is based on general expressions for transmembrane ion transport and allows for the variation of ion channel contribution by changing their number. By analyzing the dynamics of the model, the researchers were able to find parameter ranges that reproduce the variability in electrical activity seen in pyramidal cells. Additionally, increasing the expression of L-type Ca2+ channels in the model reproduces age-related changes in excitability observed in aged animals. This research provides insights into the physiological process of aging and its effects on the brain. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the effects of the anesthetics ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials in rat neocortical pyramidal cells. The study found that ketamine and propofol have different effects on consciousness, with propofol inducing a deeply unconscious state and ketamine often resulting in vivid dreams. The researchers used brain slices and added the cholinergic agonist muscarine to mimic an awake-like state. They observed that ketamine and propofol altered the muscarine-induced plateau potentials in different ways, with propofol reducing the potentials and spiking, while ketamine seemed to enhance them. However, high concentrations of both drugs suppressed the potentials, suggesting a possible connection between plateau potentials, desynchronized activity, and consciousness. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City has revealed new findings on Alzheimer's disease. The study focused on the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which is an early site of Alzheimer's pathology. The researchers found that in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, there were early hyperexcitability and synaptic deficits in MECII stellate and pyramidal cells, but not in MECIII excitatory neurons. As the disease progressed, neuronal excitability in MECII pyramidal cells and MECIII excitatory neurons normalized, but MECII stellate cells remained hyperexcitable. These findings suggest a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms in MECII stellate cells, which may contribute to the emergence of memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, researchers have discovered a new function for the gene Fezf2 in regulating the formation of inhibitory synapses onto pyramidal cells in the neocortex. The study used neuronal activity manipulation and mRNA profiling to identify the role of Fezf2 in controlling the inputs onto layer 5 extratelencephalic (ET) neurons. The downstream effector of Fezf2 in this process is the cell-surface molecule cadherin 22. This research provides insights into the activity-dependent factors that regulate the assembly of inhibitory synapses onto pyramidal cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience has shed light on the role of chandelier cells (ChCs) in visual processing. The researchers found that ChCs in the primary visual cortex receive input from local pyramidal cells and higher-order cortical regions. They also discovered that ChCs are visually responsive but weakly selective for stimulus content. Furthermore, the study revealed that repeated exposure to certain stimuli led to reduced visual responses of ChCs and structural changes in their boutons and axon initial segment length. The findings suggest that ChCs may provide an arousal-related signal to pyramidal cells, modulating their activity and plasticity during behaviorally relevant events. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a new method called optomapping that allows for faster and more efficient investigation of synapse-specific measurements in the visual cortex. The researchers used optomapping to test over 15,000 candidate excitatory inputs and found surprising and differential microcircuit structures in the mouse primary visual cortex. They also discovered log-normal synaptic strength distributions, even in individual inhibitory cells, which was previously unknown. The study provides novel insights into the principles of neocortical excitatory fine structure. Please note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the circuit dynamics of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in macaque monkeys. The researchers identified different types of neurons in this region and examined how they contribute to network dynamics and behavior. They found that superficial and deep-layer pyramidal cells have distinct firing patterns and interactions with inhibitory cells. The study also observed cell assemblies in the macaque hippocampus, suggesting a sublayer-specific circuit organization that may support various cognitive and behavioral processes in primates. However, it is important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin in Malaysia explored the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on neurodegeneration in rats. The researchers injected a toxic dose of colchicine (COL) into the rats' hippocampus, causing neuronal disruption. They then administered OLE treatment to a group of rats and found that it led to better short-term memory performance and preservation of pyramidal cell morphology in the hippocampus compared to the group that only received COL. The study suggests that OLE may have neuroprotective potential for hippocampal pyramidal cells. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Arak University in Iran investigated the effect of rosuvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on rats with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers found that streptozotocin, a substance used to induce Alzheimer's in the rats, led to memory degradation and cell death in the CA1 region of the brain. However, treatment with rosuvastatin reversed these effects by inhibiting oxidative stress indicators. The study suggests that rosuvastatin may have potential therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center explores the role of dopamine receptors in temporal association learning, a critical aspect of episodic memory formation. The study focuses on the medial entorhinal cortical-hippocampal (EC-HPC) networks and their involvement in trace fear conditioning. The researchers found that optogenetic activation of dopamine D1 receptors in island cells of the medial entorhinal cortex facilitated island cell activity and inhibited hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell activity during temporal association learning. These findings suggest that dopamine D1 receptors in island cells play a crucial role in regulating temporal association learning. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Amygdala; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Brain Research; Carboxylic Acids; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Health and Medicine; Hippocampus; Limbic System; Neurons; Organic Chemicals; Pentanoic Acids; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Telencephalon; Valproic Acid EN Amygdala Basal Ganglia Brain Brain Research Carboxylic Acids Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Health and Medicine Hippocampus Limbic System Neurons Organic Chemicals Pentanoic Acids Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Telencephalon Valproic Acid 142 142 1 09/11/23 20230915 NES 230915 2023 SEP 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- New research on carboxylic acids is the subject of a new report. Amygdala, Basal Ganglia, Brain, Brain Research, Carboxylic Acids, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Health and Medicine, Hippocampus, Limbic System, Neurons, Organic Chemicals, Pentanoic Acids, Prosencephalon, Pyramidal Cells, Telencephalon, Valproic Acid. [Extracted from the article]

London, United Kingdom, Europe, Science, Brain, Brain Research, Cell Membrane, Cellular Structures, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Hippocampus, Intercellular Junctions, Medical Devices, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Protein Synthesis, Proteomics, Pyramidal Cells, Synapses, Telencephalon Keywords: London; United Kingdom; Europe; Science; Brain; Brain Research; Cell Membrane; Cellular Structures; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Hippocampus; Intercellular Junctions; Medical Devices; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Protein Synthesis; Proteomics; Pyramidal Cells; Synapses; Telencephalon EN London United Kingdom Europe Science Brain Brain Research Cell Membrane Cellular Structures Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Hippocampus Intercellular Junctions Medical Devices Neurons Prosencephalon Protein Synthesis Proteomics Pyramidal Cells Synapses Telencephalon 1145 1145 1 09/04/23 20230908 NES 230908 2023 SEP 4 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- A new study on Science is now available. Keywords for this news article include: London, United Kingdom, Europe, Science, Brain, Brain Research, Cell Membrane, Cellular Structures, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Hippocampus, Intercellular Junctions, Medical Devices, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Protein Synthesis, Proteomics, Pyramidal Cells, Synapses, Telencephalon, King's College London. [Extracted from the article]

However, the rather unique NMDA receptor-independent and presynaptic form of long-term potentiation (LTP) of this synapse was much larger in M1/M3-deficient slices compared to wild-type slices in both field potential and whole-cell recordings. In an earlier study, we found that the deletion of M2 receptors in mice disinhibits MF-LTP in a similar fashion, suggesting that endogenous acetylcholine employs both M1/M3 and M2 receptors to constrain MF-LTP. Keywords: Acetylcholine; Biogenic Amines; Biology; Brain; Brain Research; Cell Membrane; Cellular Structures; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Hippocampus; Intercellular Junctions; Life Sciences; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Synapses; Telencephalon EN Acetylcholine Biogenic Amines Biology Brain Brain Research Cell Membrane Cellular Structures Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Hippocampus Intercellular Junctions Life Sciences Neurons Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Synapses Telencephalon 921 921 1 08/14/23 20230818 NES 230818 2023 AUG 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Investigators publish new report on biology. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Julich; Germany; Europe; Life Science; Brain; Brain Research; Cell Membrane; Cellular Structures; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Hippocampus; Intercellular Junctions; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Synapses; Telencephalon EN Julich Germany Europe Life Science Brain Brain Research Cell Membrane Cellular Structures Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Hippocampus Intercellular Junctions Neurons Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Synapses Telencephalon 627 627 1 07/10/23 20230710 NES 230710 2023 JUL 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Data detailed on Life Science have been presented. Keywords for this news article include: Julich, Germany, Europe, Life Science, Brain, Brain Research, Cell Membrane, Cellular Structures, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Hippocampus, Intercellular Junctions, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Pyramidal Cells, Synapses, Telencephalon, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Nanjing; People's Republic of China; Asia; Brain; Brain Research; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Epilepsy; Health and Medicine; Hippocampus; Interneurons; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Seizures; Telencephalon EN Nanjing People's Republic of China Asia Brain Brain Research Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Epilepsy Health and Medicine Hippocampus Interneurons Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurologic Manifestations Neurons Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Seizures Telencephalon 457 457 1 06/19/23 20230623 NES 230623 2023 JUN 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Research findings on Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions - Epilepsy are discussed in a new report. Nanjing, People's Republic of China, Asia, Brain, Brain Research, Central Nervous System, Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Epilepsy, Health and Medicine, Hippocampus, Interneurons, Nervous System Diseases and Conditions, Neurologic Manifestations, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Pyramidal Cells, Seizures, Telencephalon. [Extracted from the article]

The treatment with 10 mg/kg of aucubin significantly reduced IRI-induced superoxide anion production, oxidative DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation in the CA1 pyramidal cells. Keywords: Neurons; Pyramidal Cells; Risk and Prevention EN Neurons Pyramidal Cells Risk and Prevention 4516 4516 1 05/29/23 20230602 NES 230602 2023 JUN 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Current study results on neurons have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Biology; Brain; Brain Research; Brain Stem; Central Nervous System; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Hippocampus; Life Sciences; Metencephalon; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Purkinje Cells; Pyramidal Cells; Rhombencephalon; Telencephalon EN Biology Brain Brain Research Brain Stem Central Nervous System Cerebellar Cortex Cerebellum Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Hippocampus Life Sciences Metencephalon Neurons Prosencephalon Purkinje Cells Pyramidal Cells Rhombencephalon Telencephalon 798 798 1 05/02/23 20230505 NES 230505 2023 MAY 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Researchers detail new data in biology. Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex in group 1 were normal, whereas Purkinje cells in group 2 were degenerated. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Brain; Brain Research; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Hippocampus; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Telencephalon EN Brain Brain Research Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Hippocampus Neurons Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Telencephalon 612 612 1 05/02/23 20230505 NES 230505 2023 MAY 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Research findings on central nervous system are discussed in a new report. Brain, Brain Research, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Hippocampus, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Pyramidal Cells, Telencephalon. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords for this news article include: University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States, North and Central America, Neurons, Cerebrum, Genetics, Hippocampus, Telencephalon, Brain Research, Prosencephalon, Cerebral Cortex, Pyramidal Cells, Central Nervous System, Molecular Neuroscience. Brain, Brain Research, Cells, Central Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrum, Genetics, Hippocampus, Molecular Neuroscience, Neurons, Prosencephalon, Pyramidal Cells, Science, Telencephalon Keywords: Brain; Brain Research; Cells; Central Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrum; Genetics; Hippocampus; Molecular Neuroscience; Neurons; Prosencephalon; Pyramidal Cells; Science; Telencephalon EN Brain Brain Research Cells Central Nervous System Cerebral Cortex Cerebrum Genetics Hippocampus Molecular Neuroscience Neurons Prosencephalon Pyramidal Cells Science Telencephalon 774 774 1 04/24/23 20230428 NES 230428 2023 APR 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- New research on molecular neuroscience is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]