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RésuméCette étude visait à documenter comment un programme de familiarisation à l’utilisation du transport en commun influence l’expérience de mobilité des aînés. Ce programme a été co-construit avec des partenaires clés afin d’y inclure l’usage d’outils de planification technologiques et un accompagnement personnalisé tenant compte des incapacités des participants. Une étude de cas multiples (n = 7) a été menée selon une approche mixte convergente, combinant des méthodes qualitatives (p. ex., entrevues) et quantitatives (p. ex., cartes à puces). Les participants qui ont bénéficié davantage de la formation ont rapporté une meilleure connaissance du transport en commun et une plus grande confiance à utiliser l’autobus. Ils ont aussi effectué plus de sorties. Nos résultats suggèrent d’intégrer une destination « signifiante » et l’apprentissage d’outils de planification non technologiques à la formation pour en assurer la compatibilité avec les besoins et le niveau de littératie numérique des aînés. De futures études aideront à favoriser cette option de transport en amont de la perte du permis de conduire.

Résumé:Cette étude visait à documenter comment un programme de familiarisation à l'utilisation du transport en commun influence l'expérience de mobilité des aînés. Ce programme a été co-construit avec des partenaires clés afin d'y inclure l'usage d'outils de planification technologiques et un accompagnement personnalisé tenant compte des incapacités des participants. Une étude de cas multiples (n = 7) a été menée selon une approche mixte convergente, combinant des méthodes qualitatives (p. ex., entrevues) et quantitatives (p. ex., cartes à puces). Les participants qui ont bénéficié davantage de la formation ont rapporté une meilleure connaissance du transport en commun et une plus grande confiance à utiliser l'autobus. Ils ont aussi effectué plus de sorties. Nos résultats suggèrent d'intégrer une destination « signifiante » et l'apprentissage d'outils de planification non technologiques à la formation pour en assurer la compatibilité avec les besoins et le niveau de littératie numérique des aînés. De futures études aideront à favoriser cette option de transport en amont de la perte du permis de conduire.Abstract:This study aimed to document how a public transport familiarization program influences the mobility experience of older adults. This program was co-constructed with key partners to include the use of technological planning tools and personalized support taking into account the disabilities of the participants. A multiple case study (n = 7) was carried out using a mixed convergent approach, combining qualitative (e.g., interviews) and quantitative (e.g., smart cards) methods. Participants who benefited more from the training reported better knowledge and confidence in using the bus, while more trips were made. Our results confirm the relevance of integrating a "meaningful" destination and the learning of non-technological planning tools into training so that it is adapted to the needs and digital literacy level of older adults. Future studies will help to promote this option of transport before losing a driving license.

RésuméLes difficultés cognitives consécutives aux troubles neurocognitifs majeurs (TNCM) engendrent des enjeux dans la réalisation d’activités de la vie quotidienne. Ce projet visait à identifier auprès des proches aidants et des intervenants des situations nécessitant des méthodes optimisant l’apprentissage pour faciliter l’engagement de personnes vivant avec un TNCM dans leurs activités de la vie quotidienne. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées, d’une durée de 60 à 90 minutes, ont été menées auprès de proches aidants et d’intervenants. Les résultats montrent que les activités quotidiennes et domestiques sont notamment affectées par les difficultés à repérer ou à utiliser les objets, à garder en tête la tâche en cours, à mettre en séquences des étapes, à ne pas se laisser distraire par autre chose et à constater ses difficultés pour s’y adapter. Les proches aidants souhaitent du soutien dans l’application des méthodes optimisant l’apprentissage pour contribuer au maintien de l’autonomie des personnes vivant avec un TNCM.

Résumé:Les difficultés cognitives consécutives aux troubles neurocognitifs majeurs (TNCM) engendrent des enjeux dans la réalisation d'activités de la vie quotidienne. Ce projet visait à identifier auprès des proches aidants et des intervenants des situations nécessitant des méthodes optimisant l'apprentissage pour faciliter l'engagement de personnes vivant avec un TNCM dans leurs activités de la vie quotidienne. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées, d'une durée de 60 à 90 minutes, ont été menées auprès de proches aidants et d'intervenants. Les résultats montrent que les activités quotidiennes et domestiques sont notamment affectées par les difficultés à repérer ou à utiliser les objets, à garder en tête la tâche en cours, à mettre en séquences des étapes, à ne pas se laisser distraire par autre chose et à constater ses difficultés pour s'y adapter. Les proches aidants souhaitent du soutien dans l'application des méthodes optimisant l'apprentissage pour contribuer au maintien de l'autonomie des personnes vivant avec un TNCM.Abstract:Cognitive difficulties resulting from major neurocognitive disorders generate challenges in the performance of activities of daily living. This project aimed to identify, with family caregivers and health professionals, situations requiring methods to optimize learning so as to facilitate the involvement of people living with a major neurocognitive disorder in their activities of daily living. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews, lasting 60 to 90 minutes, were conducted with family caregivers and healthcare professionals. The results show that daily and domestic activities are particularly affected by difficulties in locating or using objects, keeping in mind the task in progress, sequencing steps, not being distracted by something else, noticing their difficulties and adapting to them. Family caregivers would like to have access to support in order to apply learning strategies to help people living with a major neurocognitive disorder to maintain their independence.

This study aimed to explore effects of a two-session Educational Person-centered Intervention on Compensatory Strategies (EPICS) designed to increase knowledge of strategies, reduce barriers, and improve accomplishment of meaningful leisure activities (MLA) and well-being in older adults living with frailty. Using a double-blind concurrent mixed-methods design, 36 community-dwelling older adults were assigned to the experimental (EPICS) or control (friendly visits) group through a covariate adaptive randomization. Questionnaires were administered prior to the intervention and ± two months post-intervention. Individual semi-structured interviews conducted at the end of the study furthered the authors’ understanding of the effects of the intervention. Quantitative analysis revealed significant increase in knowledge of compensatory strategies and reduction of barriers for the experimental group only. Qualitative analysis (purposive sample, n= 8) showed enhanced well-being and self-activation. Discussions about barriers to accomplishment may be sufficient to trigger self-activation in someolder adults living with frailty to improve participation in MLA and well-being.

Background.The Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) is a standardized assessment of the ability to perform daily activities. Purposes.This preliminary exploratory study aimed to 1) explore the ability of four PASS tasks to predict adverse events (readmissions and injuries) in older adults following hospitalization; 2) compare PASS's predictive validity to that of a generic tool (SMAF) and OT clinical judgement. Method.Twenty-two older patients were assessed in hospital at discharge and at home one week later. Adverse events were documented for six months post-discharge. Sensitivity and specificity analyses (ROC curves, Fisher's exact tests) were performed. Findings.Two PASS tasks (telephone, medication), the SMAF-Social and OT clinical judgement could identify individuals at risk of readmission (AUC > 0.7; p < 0.05). Implications.Using the PASS to assess more cognitively demanding tasks could be a promising way to predict adverse events after discharge, as a complement to clinical judgment.

Understanding the risks in the months following hospital discharge is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure the need for assistance is met. However, this may be challenging in the case of patients living with a major neurocognitive disorder (PLMNCD). Thus, it is important to incorporate patients’ and caregivers’ experiences of the transition from hospital to home in the risk assessment. This multiple case study comprised 7 PLMNCD, their caregivers, and occupational therapists. Fifty-four interviews, conducted just before, as well as 3 weeks and 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge, were qualitatively analyzed. Results revealed that risk management during the hospital-to-home transition is a dynamic process aimed at establishing a satisfactory routine while avoiding adverse events. This risk management process, which identifies challenges over time and between stakeholders, involves (a) determining the seriousness and acceptability of risks, (b) reflecting on ways to manage risks, and (c) taking steps to manage risks. This knowledge will help to provide more appropriate care and services that strike a balance between safety and autonomy.

Purpose: The Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ) is a newly developed questionnaire adapted from the widely used Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses four food approach scales, namely hunger, food responsiveness, emotional overeating (EOE) and enjoyment of food, and four food avoidance scales, namely satiety responsiveness (SR), emotional undereating (EUE), food fussiness and slowness in eating (SE). This study aimed to validate a French version of the AEBQ in controlled conditions among French-speaking adults from Quebec, Canada. Methods: The AEBQ was pre-tested through structured interviews with 30 individuals. Participants of the validation study (n= 197, aged 19–65 years) had their height and weight measured and completed the AEBQ, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Intuitive Eating Scale-2 to assess factorial structure, internal consistency and construct validity. Test–retest reliability over 2 weeks was assessed among 144 participants. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an excellent model fit (NNFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.03, χ2/df = 1.17) and provided support for the use of the original 8-factor questionnaire. Internal consistency was adequate for most scales (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.66–0.94) and moderate to excellent test–retest reliability was observed for all scales (ICC = 0.70–90). Women showed higher levels of EOE and SR, and individuals with overweight and obesity showed higher levels of EOE and lower levels of EUE and SE. Construct validity was also supported by expected correlations with disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger from the TFEQ and intuitive eating. Conclusion: This study indicates that the French AEBQ is a valid and reliable tool to measure eating behaviours in the adult population of Quebec. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies. The data are cross-sectional, but all measurement were undertaken in controlled laboratory conditions and the study provided new information.

Purpose: To assess how nutrition knowledge is associated with global diet quality and to investigate whether sociodemographic characteristics (ie, sex, age, education, income, marital status, and living with children or not) moderate this association.Design: Cross-sectional web-based study.Participants: The PREDISE study aims at identifying correlates of adherence to healthy eating guidelines in French-speaking adults from the Province of Quebec, Canada.Subjects: A probability sample of 1092 participants (50% female).Measures: The Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire and 24-hour food recalls from which the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) was calculated.Analysis: Multiple linear regressions performed to assess how nutrition knowledge is associated with the C-HEI. Interaction terms tested to evaluate whether sociodemographic characteristics moderate the association between nutrition knowledge and the C-HEI.Results: Nutrition knowledge (B = 0.141 [95% CI: 0.075-0.208], P< .0001) was identified as a significant correlate of the C-HEI. Education significantly moderated the association between nutrition knowledge and the C-HEI (Pinteraction = .0038), with a significative association among participants with a lower education level (B = 0.295 [95% CI: 0.170-0.421], P< .0001) but not among participants with a higher education level (B = 0.077 [95% CI: −0.004 to 0.157], P= .06). Whether participants lived with or without children also significantly moderated the association (Pinteraction = 0.0043); nutrition knowledge was associated with the C-HEI only in participants who were not living with children (B = 0.261 [95% CI: 0.167 to 0.355], P< .0001).Conclusion: This study suggests that the association between nutrition knowledge and adherence to healthy eating guidelines is not the same in different subgroups of the population. Interventions aiming at increasing nutrition knowledge may be a promising approach to improve diet quality, especially among individuals with a lower education.

Résumé:Cette étude documente l'offre de services et les enjeux vécus par les organismes communautaires soutenant les personnes aînées et les proches aidants au Québec lors de la pandémie de COVID-19, ainsi que les stratégies prometteuses pour adapter les services dans ce contexte. Un sondage électronique, incluant des questions ouvertes et fermées, fut réalisé en juillet 2020. Près des trois quarts des 307 répondants (71,4 %) ont déclaré avoir maintenu leurs services au moins partiellement pendant la période de confinement, et une majorité d'entre eux (85,3 %) ont adapté leurs services. Parmi les principaux défis rencontrés se trouvent les difficultés à dépister et à soutenir les personnes les plus vulnérables (54,8 %), à gérer les risques pour la santé des usagers (60,2 %) et à recruter des bénévoles (59,5 %). Les stratégies prometteuses identifiées incluent: des stratégies pour rejoindre les aînés et comprendre leurs besoins (p. ex. appels téléphoniques systématiques) ainsi que des interventions directes pour les soutenir (p. ex. activités favorisant les liens sociaux), la mise en œuvre de mesures de prévention et protection, l'accès et l'utilisation de technologies, la gestion des ressources humaines (p. ex. recrutement de nouveaux bénévoles), la recherche de soutien financier pour l'organisation, le développement de partenariats intersectoriels (p. ex. cellule de crise multisectorielle), et la promotion d'une vision positive des personnes aînées. L'intégration des perspectives intersectorielles des différents acteurs concernés pourrait favoriser l'identification de solutions pérennes et transférables à d'autres crises pour répondre aux besoins des personnes aînées.Abstract:This study documented the provision of services and issues experienced by community organizations supporting older adults and caregivers in the province of Quebec during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as promising strategies to adapt the provision of services in this context. A cross-sectional electronic survey using open- and closed-ended questions was conducted in July 2020. Almost three-quarters of the 307 respondents (71.4%) reported having maintained services at least partially throughout the lockdown, and the majority (85.3%) adapted their services. Among key challenges, participants reported difficulties identifying and supporting older adults at greater risk of vulnerability (54.8%), managing health risks for service users (60.2%), and recruiting volunteers (59.5%). Promising strategies included strategies to reach out to older adults and understand their needs (e.g., systematic phone calls) in addition to direct interventions supporting them (e.g., activities promoting social ties); implementing prevention and protection measures; accessing and using technologies; human resources management (e.g., recruiting new volunteers); finding financial support for their organization; developing intersectoral partnerships (e.g., multisectoral crisis cell); and promoting a positive view of older adults. The integration of multiple perspectives from different stakeholders may help identify strategies potentially transferable to other crises in order to meet older adults' needs.

AbstractThis study documented the provision of services and issues experienced by community organizations supporting older adults and caregivers in the province of Quebec during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as promising strategies to adapt the provision of services in this context. A cross-sectional electronic survey using open- and closed-ended questions was conducted in July 2020. Almost three-quarters of the 307 respondents (71.4%) reported having maintained services at least partially throughout the lockdown, and the majority (85.3%) adapted their services. Among key challenges, participants reported difficulties identifying and supporting older adults at greater risk of vulnerability (54.8%), managing health risks for service users (60.2%), and recruiting volunteers (59.5%). Promising strategies included strategies to reach out to older adults and understand their needs (e.g., systematic phone calls) in addition to direct interventions supporting them (e.g., activities promoting social ties); implementing prevention and protection measures; accessing and using technologies; human resources management (e.g., recruiting new volunteers); finding financial support for their organization; developing intersectoral partnerships (e.g., multisectoral crisis cell); and promoting a positive view of older adults. The integration of multiple perspectives from different stakeholders may help identify strategies potentially transferable to other crises in order to meet older adults’ needs.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between 3rd trimester attitudes toward weight gain and (1) pre-pregnancy BMI, (2) gestational weight gain (GWG) and (3) eating behaviours assessed in the 3rd trimester. Methods: Seventy-nine (79) pregnant women completed the French version of the Pregnancy Weight Gain Attitude Scale (PWGAS), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in their 3rd trimester. Total GWG was calculated as the difference between the weight recorded before delivery and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. Results: Most (55.6%) women gained weight above the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) recommendations, but there was no association between PWGAS scores and total or 3rd trimester GWG. Women with obesity had lower PWGAS total scores compared to women with overweight (3.48 ± 0.6 vs. 3.99 ± 0.3, p= 0.005), indicating more negative attitudes in women with obesity vs. overweight. Higher total PWGAS scores were positively correlated with intuitive eating scores (r= 0.28, p&lt; 0.05), and inversely associated with unfavourable eating behaviours such as dietary restraint (r=  − 0.42, p&lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Women with positive attitudes toward weight gain reported healthier eating behaviours in late pregnancy, which remains to be confirmed in prospective studies. Interventions addressing body image issues during pregnancy may positively influence pregnant women’s health, including eating behaviours. Level of evidence: Level III, case-control analytic study.

Most pregnant women gain weight above recommended levels, and this weight gain affects mothers’ and children's health. Factors influencing gestational weight gain (GWG) are numerous and include eating behaviours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between eating behaviours and GWG while considering pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).

Objectives: Food security intervention is particularly complex in rural areas. The local stakeholders of the regional county municipality (RCM) of Portneuf wished to analyze the regional food supply in order to reduce food insecurity. The objective of this study was to characterize the RCM’s food environment and to identify potential food deserts and priority intervention areas. Method: We measured the quality of the food supply in the RCM’s food stores, using four indicators: freshness, diversity, economic accessibility and relative availability. We mapped the distance between residences and the nearest food store with a favourable result for all four indices to locate potential food deserts. We then presented the mapping of the food environment to a group of local stakeholders and compared it to their own perception. Results: This study reveals three sectors that meet the criteria of a food desert in the RCM. Local actors did not perceive these sectors as food deserts, but thought they were at risk of becoming such in the future. We complemented the measures by taking into account the structuring impact of certain infrastructures as well as the temporal and seasonal accessibility of food stores in rural areas. Only one priority intervention area was suggested. Conclusion: Presenting geographical analyses to local stakeholders improved the characterization of the studied food environment. The use of a mixed methodology has enabled the particularities of the rural environment to be better accounted for and has facilitated intersectoral mobilization around food insecurity at the regional level.

Description. L’évaluation du client est primordiale dans la pratique de l’ergothérapie, notamment pour établir les priorités de traitement et pour vérifier l’efficacité des interventions. Les pratiques évaluatives des ergothérapeutes sont cependant peu documentées.But. Dresser un portrait des pratiques évaluatives des ergothérapeutes du Québec selon les dimensions personne-environnement-occupation et les clientèles.Méthodologie. Une enquête transversale a été réalisée à l’aide d’un sondage en ligne envoyé aux ergothérapeutes du Québec.Résultats. En pédiatrie, les ergothérapeutes utilisent majoritairement des outils standardisés des aptitudes physiques et neurologiques. L’évaluation d’adultes cible principalement les aptitudes physiques et la productivité. Auprès des aînés, l’évaluation repose surtout sur les aspects fonctionnels, particulièrement les aptitudes physiques, les soins personnels et la sécurité à domicile, et sur le dépistage des difficultés cognitives.Implications pour la pratique. L’évaluation ergothérapique serait généralement axée sur les aptitudes physiques. Pour assurer une approche holistique, l’occupation et l’environnement devraient être davantage considérés dans l’évaluation.

The diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which supports both health and environmental sustainability, provides an opportunity to assess the sustainability of food-based dietary guidelines.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of a Health at Every Size (HAES) intervention in a real-world setting.Design: Quasi-experimental design evaluating eating behaviors and psychological factors.Setting: The HAES intervention is offered in Health and Social Services Centers in Québec (Canada).Participants: For this study, 216 women (body mass index [BMI]: 35.76 [6.80] kg/m2) who participated to the HAES intervention were compared to 110 women (BMI: 34.56 [7.30] kg/m2) from a comparison group.Intervention: The HAES intervention is composed of 14 weekly meetings provided by health professionals. It focuses on healthy lifestyle, self-acceptance, and intuitive eating.Measures: Eating behaviors (ie, flexible restraint, rigid restraint, disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger, intuitive eating, and obsessive-compulsive eating) and psychological correlates (ie, body esteem, self-esteem, and depression) were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up.Analysis: Group, time, and interaction effects analyzed with mixed models.Results: Significant group by time interactions were found for flexible restraint (P= .0400), disinhibition (P< .0001), susceptibility to hunger (P< .0001), intuitive eating (P< .0001), obsessive–compulsive eating (P< .0001), body-esteem (P< .0001), depression (P= .0057), and self-esteem (P< .0001), where women in the HAES group showed greater improvements than women in the comparison group at short and/or long term.Conclusion: The evaluation of this HAES intervention in a real-life context showed its effectiveness in improving eating-, weight-, and psychological-related variables among women struggling with weight and body image.

This descriptive study aimed to determine whether frail and pre-frail seniors know about specific compensatory strategies that healthcare professionals believe would foster their engagement in leisure activities, and whether they are motivated to use these strategies. Knowledge and motivation toward compensatory strategies were assessed in 26 community-dwelling older adults (80+) with valid and reliable rating scales. Strategies such as Taking breaksand Changing the time of the activitywere more likely to be known and motivating. Participants reported different levels of knowledge and motivation toward Using a walking aid, wheelchair loans, chauffeuring by others, and accessible parking permit. Using paratransit serviceswas a strategy more likely to be unknown but motivating. Results will support the development of interventions that foster vulnerable older adults’ optimal participation in meaningful leisure activities. The findings may also have implications for social policy, underlying the need to promote awareness of adaptive and accessible compensatory strategies.

Leisure participation may promote cognitive health in older adults who have had a stroke. It is important to provide them with the appropriate tools and resources in order to enable them to engage in these activities. The objective of this study is to identify the educational needs of older adults who have had a stroke in order to support their participation in leisure activities that promote cognitive health. Convergent mixed-methods design was used, with the emphasis on qualitative data, and involving semi-structured interviews with 20 people aged 60 or older who have had a stroke and live at home. The results showed that the profile of participation in leisure and the level of met and unmet needs vary among participants. One of the main needs concerns long-term follow-up and support to pursue personal goals. Preferences include tools and resources promoting active involvement, interactions, and opportunities for choice and control. These results may guide the development of a leisure education program for this population at high risk of cognitive decline.

Nutrient profiling (NP) models are useful for characterizing the healthfulness of foods and for underpinning various nutrition-related public health strategies. Recently, there has been a rapid increase in the number of NP models developed by different organizations worldwide. A systematic review (SR) summarizing the key characteristics of NP models with applications in government-led nutrition policies was carried out in 2016 and published by Labonté et al. [4]. Given the continuous proliferation of NP models, the current study aimed to update this SR. Systematic searches were performed in databases of both the peer-reviewed (n =7) and grey (n =1) literature to identify publications related to NP published between May 2016 and September 2020. The full text of relevant publications was assessed independently by 2 reviewers to build a list of potential models. Each model was classified as “already identified in the original SR” or as “newly identified.” The eligibility of the “newly identified” models, and of some models excluded from the previous SR because their details were not known at that time, were then assessed independently by 2 reviewers based on pre-established criteria. A total of 151 potential NP models were assessed for eligibility, of which 93 were “newly identified,” 28 were originally excluded from the previous SR, and 30 were identified from additional online searches during the eligibility assessment stage. Twenty-six models met the inclusion criteria. Their most frequent applications were food labeling (n =17) and regulation of food marketing to children (n =7). They all included nutrients to limit, with sodium, saturated fat, and total sugars being the most frequently considered. Content or face validity testing was conducted for 11 (42%) of the included models. As NP models are increasingly used worldwide to support public health strategies, having an up-to-date resource listing them and detailing their characteristics is crucial. PROSPERO #CRD42021259041.

Les enjeux de santé publique associés à l’alimentation des nourrissons nécessitent d’accroître la pratique de l’allaitement. Pour ce faire, des initiatives ont été mises en place et se sont révélées efficaces, particulièrement sur les taux d’amorce de l’allaitement. Cependant, la poursuite de l’allaitement selon les recommandations officielles demeure rare et plusieurs expériences sont associées à un fardeau émotionnel considérable pour les mères. Ce commentaire soulève donc la question de l’effet de la promotion de l’allaitement sur le bien-être des familles et porte un regard critique sur les stratégies mises en place. Un modèle conceptuel ainsi que des évidences empiriques sont utilisés pour mieux comprendre la recherche d’équilibre sous-jacente aux décisions relatives à l’alimentation du nourrisson ainsi que les risques associés à une promotion de l’allaitement effectuée en l’absence d’un soutien adéquat. Le contexte de transition vers une culture d’allaitement requiert la mise en place de services adaptés aux besoins actuels des parents. Une approche considérant la satisfaction des parents et renforçant leur auto-efficacité doit être adoptée, notamment par l’implantation complète de l’Initiative Amis des bébés. L’allocation des ressources nécessaires pour concrétiser cette approche est essentielle pour accroître la pratique de l’allaitement en assurant le bien-être des familles.

To characterise individuals who reported present and past weight loss behaviours on psycho-behavioural factors known to influence body weight, e.g. overeating, dietary restriction.An online questionnaire was distributed to a university community. Questions pertaining to present weight loss, previous weight loss, eating behaviour tendencies, perceived stress and sleep quality were answered by 3,069 individuals. Body weight and height were self-reported.Present and past weight loss behaviours were prevalent in the sample, with 33.3 % of the participants who reported trying to lose weight, 33.1 % who reported having previously lost weight (>10 lbs), and 18.8 % who reported repeated weight loss behaviour (i.e. present and past weight loss behaviours). Trying to lose weight and previous weight loss were both independently associated with increased risk for psycho-behavioural characteristics known to be associated with obesity, e.g. overeating tendencies, perceived stress, short sleep duration. This risk was particularly elevated among the underweight/normal-weight individuals who reported repeated weight loss behaviours. Indeed, adjusted odds ratios for reporting restrictive and overeating tendencies, perceived stress and short sleep for these individuals were significantly higher compared to their underweight/normal-weight peers who did not report repeated weight loss behaviours (adjusted odds ratios 4.7, 2.7, 1.8, and 1.8, respectively, p< 0.01 to <0.0001).Normal-weight individuals reporting weight loss behaviours are characterised by a psycho-behaviour profile which may further increase their risk of weight gain.

Meal preparation assessments conducted in clinical environments (such as rehabilitation settings) might not reflect frail patients’ performance at home. In addition, factors that may explain differences in performance between settings remain unknown. The aim of this study was to compare home and clinic performance on meal preparation tasks in frail elders and to examine which factors may account for differences between settings. Thirty-three frail elders were assessed with the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (heating soup, cutting fruit) in the home and clinic. A counterbalanced design was used. Factors related to the person (demographic, physical, cognitive, and psychological characteristics) and the environment were also collected. Participants overall showed significantly higher scores at home on heating a soup (F=4.125; P=0.015) and cutting a fruit (F=3.263; P=0.035). Better performance at home was associated with some demographic (lower education), cognitive (poorer executive functions), and environmental (higher similarity between settings) factors. Our findings may help health professionals clarify the profile of frail patients who should be assessed at home before discharge from rehabilitation and which features of the environment to consider when performing assessments in clinic settings.

dementia of the alzheimer type (ad) can affect emotional judgments of facial expression and prosody. Spared emotional judgments of music have been observed in early AD (Gagnon, Peretz, & Fülöp, 2009). The AD case study of Cuddy and Duffin (2005) showed relatively spared perception and memory for music. Through the single case study of MD, we again address the question of whether early AD might leave these abilities intact. The first experiment examined her musical emotional judgments in relation to mode and tempo. Overall results replicated the finding of a preserved response to changes in these structural properties. In a second experiment, we examined MD's recognition of musical and facial emotional expressions. She demonstrated a deficit only for the recognition of the facial expression of anger. Her performance adds to other empirical demonstrations that in early AD music perception and memory, as well as musical emotional judgments, may be relatively preserved.

Background: Older patients are usually assessed by occupational therapists in hospital before going home. However, for many frail older adults, this assessment in an unfamiliar environment might not be as representative of their functional abilities as an assessment at home. The aim of this literature review was to determine if differences exist between home and clinical instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assessments of frail older adults and identify factors that might explain those differences, if any.Method: The sources of the review data were Medline, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, Embase and Current Content from 1988 to 2008. As few relevant studies concerning frail people were found, the search was extended to mixed-age and older adult populations. Ten articles were retained.Main findings: The results suggest differences in IADL assessment between settings for older adults without dementia. Some factors, such as familiarity with the environment and coping skills, might explain those differences. Based on this review, similar results might be expected with frail older people.Implications for practice: Given the dearth of literature on this topic, further research is needed to compare home and clinical assessments and measure relevant factors in a frail population. Helping occupational therapists to identify frail patients, who may show different abilities in unfamiliar settings, could mean more appropriate services after discharge from hospital.

•Gestational weight gain is perceived as uncontrollable by pregnant people.•Inadequate gestational weight gain may originate from a lack of psychosocial support.•General health of the foetus is the main motivation to adopt strategies in pregnancy.•Inadequate nutrition and exercise-related strategies are applied during pregnancy.•Credible information on gestational weight gain, nutrition and exercise is hard to access.

Objective: It is commonly recognized that genetic, environmental, behavioral, and social factors are involved in the development of obesity. The family environment may play a key role in shaping children's eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of familial resemblance in eating behavioral traits (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger). Research Methods and Procedures: Eating behavioral traits were assessed with the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire in 282 men and 402 women (202 families) from the Quebec Family Study. Familial resemblance for each trait (adjusted for age, sex, and BMI) was investigated using a familial correlation model. Results: The pattern of familial correlation showed significant spouse correlation for the three eating behavior phenotypes, as well as significant parent‐offspring and sibling correlations for disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger. According to the most parsimonious model, generalized heritability estimates (including genetic and shared familial environmental effects) reached 6%, 18%, and 28% for cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger, respectively. Discussion: These results suggest that there is a significant familial component to eating behavioral traits but that the additive genetic component appears to be small, with generalized heritability estimates ranging from 6% to 28%. Thus, non‐familial environmental factors and gene‐gene and gene‐environmental interactions seem to be the major determinants of the eating/behavioral traits.

Objective: To put into relationship the dietary and anthropometric profile of men and women with their eating behaviors (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger) and to assess whether gender and obesity status influence these associations. Research Methods and Procedures: Anthropometric measurements (including visceral adipose tissue accumulation), dietary profile (3‐day food record), and eating behaviors (Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire) were determined in a sample of 244 men and 352 women. Results: Women had significantly higher cognitive dietary restraint and disinhibition scores than men (p< 0.0001). In both genders, scores for disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger, but not for cognitive dietary restraint, were higher in obese subjects than in overweight and nonobese subjects (p< 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between rigid restraint and most of the anthropometric variables studied (0.12 ≤ r≤ 0.16). Moreover, in women, flexible restraint was negatively associated with body fat and waist circumference (r= −0.11). Cognitive dietary restraint and rigid restraint were positively related to BMI among nonobese women (0.19 ≤ r≤ 0.20), whereas in obese men, cognitive dietary restraint and flexible restraint tended to be negatively correlated with BMI (−0.20 ≤ r≤ −0.22; p= 0.10). Discussion: Gender could mediate associations observed between eating behaviors and anthropometric profile. It was also found that disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger are positively associated with the level of obesity. On the other hand, cognitive dietary restraint is not consistently related to body weight and adiposity, whereas rigid and flexible restraint are oppositely associated to obesity status, which suggests that it is important to differentiate the subscales of cognitive dietary restraint. Finally, counseling aimed at coping with disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger could be of benefit for the long‐term treatment of obesity.

In Western societies, the acceptability of entomophagy is low despite the sustainable and nutritional benefits of insects. It is recognized that insect meals incorporated in into familiar foods increases willingness to eat insects. Chefs can offer positive culinary insect-based experiences to their customers which can then contribute to increasing the acceptability of entomophagy by consumers. However, little is known about chefs’ perceptions of the use of insect-based ingredients.

Food labelling has been previously reported to influence energy intake (EI). Whether food labels influence postexercise EI remains to be determined. We assessed how food labelling and exercise (Ex) interact to influence food perception and postexercise EI. In this randomized crossover design, 14 inactive women participated in 4 experimental conditions: Ex (300 kcal at 70% of VO2peak) and lunch labelled as low in fat (LF), Ex and lunch labelled as high in fat (HF), Rest and LF, and Rest and HF. The lunch was composed of a plate of pasta, yogurt, and oatmeal cookies, which had the same nutritional composition across the 4 experimental conditions. EI at lunch and for the 48-hour period covering the testing day and the following day was assessed. Furthermore, perceived healthiness of the meal and appetite ratings were evaluated. There were no effects of exercise and food labelling on EI. However, meals labelled as LF were perceived as heathier, and this label was associated with higher prospective food consumption. Initial beliefs about food items had a stronger effect on healthiness perception than the different food labels and explain the positive correlation with the amount of food consumed (ρ=0.34, P<0.001).

Nutrition claims may help people to adopt healthier eating habits, but little is known about the potential cognitive effects of such claims on appetite sensations. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of nutrition claims and individual factors on perceived appetite sensations. According to a three (“healthy” versus “diet” (i.e., satiating) versus “hedonic”) by two (restrained or not restrained) by two (normal-weight or overweight/obese) by two (men versus women) factorial design, 164 males and 188 females aged 18–65 were invited to taste an oatmeal-raisin snack in a blinded and ad libitum context. Visual analog scales (150 mm) were used to evaluate appetite sensations before and over 1 h after consumption period. BMI and Restraint Scale were used to categorize participants according to their weight and restraint status. No main condition effect was observed for any of the four appetite sensations. However, subgroups analysis revealed significant differences among specific subgroups. A main effect of sex was also observed for all appetite sensations with men reporting higher levels of desire to eat, hunger and prospective food consumption, and lower levels of fullness than women. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics in interaction when studying appetite sensations.

Available data reveals inconsistent relationships between eating behaviour traits and markers of adiposity level. It is thus relevant to investigate whether other factors also need to be considered when interpreting the relationship between eating behaviour traits and adiposity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to examine whether the associations between variables of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and adiposity are influenced by the level of physical activity participation. Information from the TFEQ and physical activity was obtained from 113 postmenopausal women (56.7±4.2 years; 28.5±5.9 kg/m2). BMI was compared between four groups formed on the basis of the physical activity participation and eating behaviour traits medians. In groups of women with higher physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women who presented higher dietary restraint when compared to women who had lower dietary restraint (25.5±0.5 versus 30.3±1.7 kg/m2, P<.05). In addition, among women with lower physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women presenting a lower external hunger than in those with a higher external hunger (27.5±0.8 versus 32.4±1.1 kg/m2, P<.001). Our results suggest that physical activity participation should also be taken into account when interpreting the relationship between adiposity and eating behaviour traits.