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Lygos Inc., a company based in Berkeley, California, has filed a patent application for a method of producing isobutyric acid using recombinant host cells and microbial fermentation. Isobutyric acid is a chemical used in the production of various products, and the company's method aims to reduce costs and environmental impact compared to traditional methods. The patent application outlines the specific genes and enzymes involved in the production process, as well as the optimal conditions for culturing the host cells. The application also includes claims for specific genes and proteins related to the biosynthetic pathway. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Cell Encapsulation Devices" has been published online by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The inventors, Edward H. Cully Jr. and Christine M. Scotti, have developed a therapeutic device that includes a tubular member with a lumen, a first permeable composite layer, a second permeable composite layer, and a reservoir between the two layers. The device is designed to encapsulate biological moieties, such as cells, and ensure their survival and growth. The patent application also describes variations of the device, including interconnected tubular members and toroidal devices. This invention has potential applications in the treatment of various diseases and conditions, including peripheral artery disease, heart disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, autism, blindness, and diabetes. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Acetolactate Synthase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases; Amino Acids; Business; Chemicals; Decarboxylase; Dehydratase; Dehydrogenase; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Flavoproteins; Genetics; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Cocci; Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase; Lactococcus; Life Science Research; Lygos Inc.; Oxidase; Peptides; Prokaryotic Cells; Proteins; Reductoisomerase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomycetales; Streptococcaceae; Synthase EN Acetolactate Synthase Alcohol Oxidoreductases Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases Amino Acids Business Chemicals Decarboxylase Dehydratase Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Coenzymes Flavoproteins Genetics Gram-Positive Bacteria Gram-Positive Cocci Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Lactococcus Life Science Research Lygos Inc. Oxidase Peptides Prokaryotic Cells Proteins Reductoisomerase Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomycetaceae Saccharomycetales Streptococcaceae Synthase 2751 2751 1 07/10/23 20230714 NES 230714 2023 JUL 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- A patent by the inventors Conley, Andrew Jonathan (Berkeley, CA, US), Dietrich, Jeffrey (Berkeley, CA, US), Ouellet, Mario (Berkeley, CA, US), filed on January 9, 2019, was published online on June 20, 2023, according to news reporting originating from Alexandria, Virginia, by NewsRx correspondents. Both the mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase and water-forming NADH oxidase oxidize NADH to NAD+, recycling the cofactor necessary for efficient isobutyric acid pathway activity. In some embodiments, the one or more ancillary proteins include mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase, water-forming NADH oxidase, isobutyric acid transporter, or combination thereof. [Extracted from the article]

The method is independent of B cell immortalization or activation procedures, facilitates screening of antibody repertoires from B cells obtained from essentially all lymphoid organs and does not require analyses of individual B cells. The success of recovering desired antibody specificities with in vitro antibody discovery techniques depends not only on the successful folding and expression of the recombinant antibody fragments in e.g. prokaryotic cells but also on a range of screening parameters used during antibody selection. The hybridoma technology and other B cell immortalization methods interrogate the antibody-producing cells in pre-plasma cell B cell populations, specifically in memory B cells, or in circulating short-lived plasma blasts (Wrammert et al., 2008). [Extracted from the article]