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PROBLEM: Due to the lack of classical HLA antigens on the trophoblast, fetal antigens are possibly presented in a non major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted way. Decidual γδ T cells, which significantly increase in number during pregnancy, might play a role in recognition of fetal antigens and also in determining the quality of the response to these antigens. Our study was aimed at investigating the role of this cell population in progesterone‐dependent immunomodulation.

PROBLEM: To determine if pregnancy is recognized by the immune system and if inadequate recognition of fetal antigens might result in failed pregnancy.

PROBLEM: We have previously demonstrated a significantly increased ratio of γ/δ T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐positive progesterone receptor(PR)‐positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women compared to that of recurrent aborters or non‐pregnant individuals. Treatment of pregnancy lymphocytes with a pan anti‐γ/δ TCR antibody inhibits progesterone‐induced blocking factor (PIBF) production, increases natural killer (NK) activity, and alters the cytokine profile. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of the different γ/δ subpopulations in these phenomena.