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• Social needs screening/referral is becoming widespread in pediatric primary care. • There are a variety of screening and referral models implemented in this setting. • Ongoing rigorous evaluation of these models is needed. This study aimed to review approaches to health-related social needs (HRSN) screening and referral in pediatric primary care. PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched to include peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. over the last 30 years that reported HRSN screening and/or referral outcomes in primary care up to age 18. Studies included multiple HRSN domains and a variety of study designs. Data were summarized descriptively. 20 studies met inclusion criteria. A variety of screening targets and modalities were employed in addition to referral support methods. Positive screens among the domains reported varied depending on the screening process and sample. This review highlights a range of patient-centered innovations for HRSN screening and referral that may be adaptable to a range of local needs and capacities. Ongoing rigorous evaluation of these models is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses, without fixing, the meaning and identity of two glass bosses from Northern British archaeological contexts of the late first millennium AD, both power-centres in a socio-cultural network encompassing Pictland and Northumbria. The emphasis is on fluidity and hybridity of meaning and interpretation, by drawing out their biographical implications as a means of elucidating the inter-linked social and functional complexity of the object–human interaction, about which these artefacts are strikingly informative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Through pressure from funding and governing bodies, an audit culture invades the rhetoric of the dance medicine and science research community, leading to undue focus on justifying and legitimizing the holistic benefits of dancing. This paper critiques this hierarchical value system which disproportionately favors objective, generalizable, and quantitative research approaches still dominant in dance medicine and science, existing since the founding of the International Association for Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS) in 1990. Purpose: Whilst this may mean studies are generalizable when applied to broader contexts, objective outcomes lack granularity and do not automatically lead to appropriate, meaningful, inclusive, or accessible dance experiences for everyone. Subjective, idiographic, ethnographic, embodied, phenomenological, and transdisciplinary approaches to dance medicine and science research have great potential to broaden, deepen, and enrich the field. Conclusions: This paper highlights the tensions between qualitative and quantitative methodologies, advocating that researchers can rigorously embrace their positionality to contribute toward ontological and epistemological clarity with any researcher bias, assumption, or expectation transparently disclosed. The writing draws on research examples from Dance for Health (DfH) as a part of dance science and medicine field of study, including but not limited to Dance for Parkinson's. This paper provides resourceful recommendations, encouraging researchers to remain imaginative and curious through application of arts-based, person-centered, collaborative mixed methods within their own studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Research on parents' divisions of domestic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic has focused on average changes in housework and child care during the pandemic's first year, limiting our understanding of variation in parents' experiences as well as the long-term consequences of the pandemic for gender inequality. OBJECTIVE: This study identifies distinct patterns of change in US parents' divisions of housework and child care from spring 2020 to fall 2023 and factors associated with changes in parents' divisions of domestic labor. METHODS: We use five waves of survey data (2020-2023) from partnered US parents along with group-based trajectory and fixed effects models to identify longitudinal trajectories of parents' divisions of housework and child care, and key factors associated with these trajectories. RESULTS: Most US parents (75%-80%) maintained the same division of domestic labor throughout the pandemic. Nonetheless, one-quarter experienced long-term changes. Parents were equally as likely to transition to a nontraditional division of housework as to a traditional one (10%) but were four times more likely to transition to a nontraditional division of child care than to a traditional division (21% vs. 5%). Parents were more likely to shift toward a nontraditional division of domestic labor when mothers worked full-time (and earned more income) and fathers worked from home at least sometimes during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spindle cell and fibrohistiocytic soft tissue tumours are a diverse group of neoplasms that are commonly seen in childhood. This paper provides an overview of the histopathological features of the more common entities that are likely to be encountered by general pathologists and paediatric pathologists in children and young adults. Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumours are characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, and they exhibit a wide range of histological appearances, from benign to malignant, and can occur in various anatomical locations. Nerve sheath tumours are derived from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves and are often associated with neurofibromatosis. Synovial sarcoma, a high-grade malignant tumour, is characterized by specific chromosomal translocations resulting in the SS18-SSX fusion gene. NTRK-rearranged tumours, a recently recognized entity, are characterized by gene fusions involving the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes, leading to overexpression of the TRK protein. Fibrohistiocytic tumours of childhood, including fibrous histiocytoma and plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour, show varying degrees of fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation. They exhibit a wide range of clinical behaviour, from benign to locally aggressive. Understanding the histopathological features of these tumours is important to guide appropriate management. This review provides an overview of these features, along with the latest advances in molecular pathology, which can aid the pathologist in making a diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare group of heterogenous entities which affect the tissues supporting, connecting and/or surrounding body structures and organs. Factors such as patient age and tumour location can influence how soft tissue sarcomas manifest with biological and clinical behaviour ranging from less aggressive to highly malignant. Recent advances in both diagnosis and treatment have led to new insights into the pathologic, histologic and genomic characterisation of sarcomas and these insights have diversified subtyping. One subtype, small round (blue) cell tumours (SRBCT), constitutes a divergent group of tumours which occur most commonly in the paediatric and young adult population. The clinical characteristics, prognostics and therapeutic approaches regarding these tumours differ greatly. Despite this variation the relative histomorphological uniformity of SRBCTs poses the histopathologist a diagnostic challenge. This challenge is being ameliorated by advances in molecular genetic profiling which is revolutionising diagnosis and providing insight into both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The following review aims to address the pertinent morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of some of the more common SRBCTs, including variants, and hopes to provide the histopathologist with a diagnostic approach focussed upon the key diagnostic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on history of pandemics, epidemics, and disasters and the attempts for bringing them under control. Topics include resulted in ill health and loss of life owing to the release of biological agents, toxic chemicals, or radiation into the environment; and pathogens occuring in animals undergoing the transfer of the pathogen to humans.

The crystal growth history of an Au-rich sedimentary pyrite nodule from the Timmins-Porcupine Au camp, Ontario, Canada, has been investigated using Electron Backscattered Diffraction and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry techniques to study the crystallographic processes controlling metal deportment in the pyrite structure. Results show four distinct growth stages characterized by different pyrite microstructures, crystal forms and trace element compositions. A direct link is observed between the growth of octahedral facets in pyrite and the development of primary (non-tectonic) subgrain boundaries. Furthermore, zones with a high abundance of subgrain boundaries have the highest Au, As, Ag and Cu (and other metals) contents – suggesting metal distribution is linked to the development of microstructures. Finer-grained aggregates are characterized by higher grain boundary density than in coarse areas, making higher trace element concentrations inversely proportional to grain size. Our results indicate that the high Au concentrations (~100 ppm) in pyrite represent a primary feature related to nodule growth, instead of secondary enrichment processes, and highlight the possibility that sediment-hosted pyrite nodules could represent a metal-rich geochemical reservoir for the formation of younger orogenic Au deposits. • Microstructures in diagenetic pyrite nodules are linked to metal incorporation. • Au, As, Ag, and Cu are concentrated in non-tectonic grain and subgrain boundaries. • Grain and subgrain boundaries are interpreted as primary growth structures. • The incorporation of Au, As, Ag, is a primary feature in diagenetic pyrite nodules. • High S content during diagenesis is related with higher Au incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address limited access to behavioral health services in primary care, we conducted a preliminary effectiveness study of a novel acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment implemented within pediatric integrated primary care (ACT-IPC) using a retrospective cohort study design. Participants included 110 youth referred after psychological evaluation between 2015 and 2019. ACT-IPC was implemented in nine sessions; participants had a variety of primary psychiatric diagnoses and were predominantly White (93%) and female (81%) with an average age of 15.1 (SD = 1.5). Anxiety (d = −0.71) and depression (d = −0.54) symptoms improved significantly, as did psychological inflexibility (d = −0.52). Additionally, up to three individualized treatment goals were established and tracked weekly. These outcomes also improved significantly (d = −.69 to d = −1.42), and the first two goals evidenced the majority of improvement within approximately the first half of treatment. Reliable and clinically significant change was promising on all outcomes, and few iatrogenic effects were observed. Of note, concurrent individual therapy and psychotropic medication were prevalent within the sample and were not associated with improved outcomes. Overall, findings provide preliminary transdiagnostic effectiveness and feasibility of ACT-IPC and represent a positive example of a reticulated contextual behavioral science approach to treatment development. • Improved access to effective behavioral health treatments for youth is needed. • Integrated primary care can improve access to effective treatments. • Preliminary effectiveness studies can help inform viability of novel treatments. • ACT-IPC improved outcomes and shows promise for continued development. • Findings are discussed in detail along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing evidence supporting the use of contemporary behavior therapies for adolescent depression is promising but limited. Using a within-series simple phase-change design, 11 adolescents ( M age=15.82, SD =1.40, 46% African-American, 36% Multi-Racial, 18% European-American) with major depressive disorder were offered 3 sessions of Motivational Interviewing Assessment (MIA; Phase A) followed by up to 12 sessions ( M =6.3) of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy protocol (ACT; Phase B). Group-level statistically significant effects were found during MIA on 2/5 variables— the Children's Depression Rating Scale – Revised (CDRS-R) and Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale – Short Form (BADS-SF)—while statistically significant changes were found during ACT on 5/5 variables, including the CDRS-R, BADS-SF, Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth-8 (AFQ-Y8). At the individual level, clinically significant changes on the CDRS–R were observed for 8/11 participants during ACT, while time series analyses controlling for MIA trend demonstrated statistically significant effect sizes on the BADS-SF and AFQ-Y8 for 5/11 and 3/11 participants, respectively. These data suggest the potential utility of ACT for youth from lower income families and from diverse backgrounds; however, given the small sample size and the simple phase-change design, additional research is clearly warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magmatic sulfide liquids are effective at concentrating a range of metals. Within magmatic sulfide systems pentlandite, an exsolution product of monosulfide solid solution (MSS), is the primary host of Ni, Co and significant concentrations of Pd. Over the last decade, LA-ICP-MS mapping has revealed non-uniform metal distributions and complexity to the metal patterns such as zonation and the linear alignment of elements. Whereas the compatibility and partitioning behavior of chalcophile elements during sulfide fractionation are well constrained, there is little knowledge on the crystallographic control exerted on metal distributions. In this study, LA-ICP-MS mapping of globular sulfides from the Crystal Lake Intrusion, Ontario (Canada), is complimented by EBSD analysis, revealing a strong crystallographic control on both the concentration of metals and pentlandite exsolutions. Elements considered incompatible in the high temperature monosulfide solid solution (MSS) phase (e.g., Cr, V, As, Pb, Ag, Bi and Pd) are preserved as a microfabric, showing preferential concentration in association with the (0001) basal plane of pyrrhotite and adjacent pentlandite. Where the [0001] axis is viewed perpendicular to the cut surface, the microfabric is considered to be an intersection lineation between the basal (0001) plane and the surface of the cut section. Pentlandite textures described in magmatic sulfide deposits include granular, fan and laths/blades. Our observations indicate that marginal pentlandite exsolutions, are in optical continuity with granular exsolutions, providing insights into the growth of pentlandite at MSS grain boundaries. We conclude that all pentlandite forms are crystallographically controlled by the hexagonal mineral system of MSS/pyrrhotite, with the [0001] c -axis of pyrrhotite corresponding to the 〈111〉 axis of pentlandite. This axis also acts as a twinning rotation axis for the two identified pentlandite orientations. Fan and lath textured exsolutions are considered geometrically equivalent structures, being reconstructed as flat disc–shapes developed parallel to the basal (0001) plane of pyrrhotite, which acts as a preferred nucleation site. A network of low-angle grain boundaries are recognized as hexagonal or rectangular structures within pyrrhotite, with the morphology shown to be dependent on the orientation of the crystals. As these features are again geometric equivalents, they can be reconstructed as intragrain hexagonal prisms. We speculate due to their localized development, that they could represent a plastic response of the pyrrhotite to accommodate the increase in volume suggested to be associated with late pentlandite exsolutions and thus are the result of static lattice recovery. The microstructural and trace element observations presented here provide new context to some of the common textural features of magmatic sulfide deposits, while importantly highlighting the strong crystallographic control on both metal distributions and sulfide textures. This study also importantly recognizes the dominance of hexagonal pyrrhotite within the ores of the Crystal Lake Intrusion and likely other magmatic sulfide deposits. This has implications for mineral processing as its non-magnetic properties can result in dilution of Ni-Cu-PGE ores and thus requires special attention for the flotation strategy. • Structural impurities drive the preferential alignment of incompatible elements within magmatic sulfides • The growth, texture and orientation of pentlandite is controlled by the hexagonal crystal system • Element mapping and microstructural analyses, allow for a revised conceptual model of an evolving magmatic sulfide liquid [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is now widely accepted that fatty liver disease is one of the commonest causes of cirrhosis and liver cell cancer (even in the absence of cirrhosis), in its own right as well as being an important cofactor for the progression of other diseases e.g. viral hepatitis. While much work has been done on developing non-invasive techniques for assessing liver disease, the liver biopsy remains the benchmark against which these tests have to be validated as well as providing information that cannot be obtained in any other way. This review describes the histological features that alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease have in common (e.g. fatty change, ballooning and Mallory–Denk bodies) as well as identifying those that are more characteristic of each of them (e.g. nuclear vacuolation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and a florid fatty liver hepatitis in alcoholic fatty liver disease). Recent developments in the assessment of the degree of fatty change are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: Failure to adapt to limitations in control may place older adults at risk for suicidal behavior. The present study examined the relation between control strategies, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in older adults with health-related limitations. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 50 older adult (aged 65-94) primary care patients with health-related limitations. Results: Compensatory primary control strategies characterized by seeking help from others were associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation, independent of depressive symptoms. Selective primary control strategies (e.g., persistence) were also associated with reduced suicidal ideation independent of depressive symptoms, but only when a low level of compensatory primary control strategies was endorsed. Selective secondary control strategies were associated with higher suicidal ideation, whereas compensatory secondary control strategies (e.g., goal disengagement) were unrelated in this sample after controlling for covariates. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that primary care patients with functional limitations who are not striving to meet their goals, either through persistence or by seeking help from others, are at elevated risk of suicidal thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Drawing upon the discussions and insights provided by researchers and policy-makers during a seminar series, this paper explores the rationales for, and the practices and difficulties of, interdisciplinarity. The urban environment provides the problem context. Despite a consistent rhetoric and repeated attempts to promote interdisciplinary research, not least by the funding councils in response to policy imperatives, success appears to have been limited. The paper suggests that rather than viewing interdisciplinarity as a distinct, often difficult, category of research it is more useful to consider a continuum of research types from multi- to transdisciplinarity. The paper furthers the interdisciplinarity debate by characterising five categories of ‘border troubles’. These involve the relentless association of interdisciplinarity with ‘real world problems’, the epistemological structuring of disciplines, assumptions about the disciplinary division of labour and the privileging of certain frames and forms of enquiry, the increasing complexity of knowledge transfer, and the ‘hard wiring’ of the research funding and assessment system. However, we conclude optimistically in terms of the evident willingness of researchers to occupy hazardous disciplinary border zones to further urban environmental understanding and propose a set of ‘conditions for success’ encompassing both the approach and practices of participants in interdisciplinary work as well as operational and contextual factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the context of the growth in support for deliberative decision-making, this paper presents a new examination of an important and as yet largely ignored question of just how a deliberative process can capitalize on local knowledge and lead to shared (expert and public) learning and understanding. It speaks to both the academic and practitioner through a set of reflections upon the nature and demands of engagement management. Drawing upon a recent urban river restoration project in the UK, the subject of an innovative form of engagement, it identifies and examines the key management elements, i.e. the recruitment of representative interests; active facilitation; collaborative framing; optimizing interaction; and managing the unexpected. The paper concludes that both public and expert can learn if the right conditions for listening, sharing, reflecting on preferences and adapting are created and managed, and identifies the theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under natural conditions, most rivers are bordered by riparian woodland. Many studies have highlighted the ecological importance of these wooded zones, but the impact of riparian woodland dynamics on the complexity of the active tract (the area of bare sediment adjacent to the river) has been overlooked. This paper highlights the impact of downed trees and sprouting driftwood on the development of islands and associated ponds within the active tract of large rivers and the effects of these features on the abundance and diversity of plants and animals,and points to the benefits of riparian woodland for channel restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a school assembly that was given by the author and three Year 8 pupils on the subject of physicist Albert Einstein. Assemblies as opportunities for the promotion of science in a religious, spiritual or moral context; Active role the pupils can take in their preparation; Transcript of the assembly whereby the author read the introduction and conclusion and the Year 8 pupils read the letters.

Abstract: The Salicaceae and Betulaceae are important plant families within riparian ecosystems throughout the Northern hemisphere, and cuttings of species within these families are often used in riparian restoration projects due to their capacity for vegetative (asexual) propagation and rapid growth. Riparian zones can experience a wide range of hydrological conditions and establishing cuttings may be subjected to substantially varying levels of hydric stress from inundation and drought. Tolerance to such stress can vary notably between species, and the absence of knowledge of species-specific responses to inundation and drought has resulted in high mortality in many riparian restoration projects. In this paper, the survival and growth responses of Salix elaeagnos (Salicaceae), Populus nigra (Salicaceae) and Alnus incana (Betulaceae) cuttings in relation to varying rates of water table decline and periods of inundation were investigated using rhizopods during a 69-day greenhouse experiment, in substrates of contrasting sediments (sand versus gravel). Each species responded differently to the experimental treatments. S. elaeagnos demonstrated an ability to establish in stable, declining and inundated conditions by the production of relatively substantial root and shoot biomass in all treatments, along with elongated roots when experiencing water table decline. P. nigra showed high mortality and poor root and shoot production in inundation treatments, suggesting that this species is intolerant to reduced oxygen conditions. A. incana displayed complete mortality in all gravel-based treatments and high mortality or poor growth in the sand-based inundation treatments. All species showed preferences for stable conditions without inundation, along with slow water table decline for S. elaeagnos. Fast rates of water table decline were detrimental to all species. Overall, sand was a much more effective substrate than gravel for supporting cutting establishment. These results suggest that riparian restoration schemes utilizing S. elaeagnos cuttings may experience greater success than those using the other species investigated. P. nigra cuttings may establish more easily if situated where inundation does not occur often or for prolonged periods, and A. incana cuttings should be planted only where very stable conditions dominate. The study highlights the inter-species variability in the survival and growth response of riparian trees to differing hydrological conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In many European rivers regulation measures have led to the decline of braided channel systems and associated pioneer ecosystems. Knowledge of their natural functioning is necessary to develop appropriate management and restoration strategies. We examine how woody vegetation within the active zone of the near-natural Tagliamento, NE-Italy, is impacted by environmental variables and patch age. Within 65 plots in 13 river segments the basal area of all woody species was determined, and minimal patch age (8.4 ± 1.6 years) obtained by counting annual rings of the largest trees. Canonical correspondence analyses suggested that the woody vegetation was mainly structured by the longitudinal gradient incorporating air temperature and altitude. Small-scale variables, such as patch age, distance from the nearest channel and elevation above water level, also had significant but smaller effects. All four variables together explained 38% of the variation in species composition. This suggests that additional processes might be important, e.g. specifics of plant dispersal or spatial separation of suitable regeneration sites. The low age of woody vegetation within the active zone of the Tagliamento suggests that hydroengineering measures for restoration of regulated rivers should allow frequent and severe disturbance. In den meisten europäischen Flussystemen haben Regulierungsmaßnahmen zu starken Verlusten an Pionierhabitaten der Auen geführt. Für die Entwicklung angemessener Renaturierungsstrategien ist eine gründliche Kenntnis der entsprechenden Vegetationstypen notwendig. Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt die Pionier-Gehölzvegetation der Sand- und Kiesbänke entlang des Tagliamento in NO-Italien und untersucht den Einfluss von Umweltvariablen und Bestandesalter auf die Zusammensetzung der Gehölzvegetation dieses weitgehend natürlichen Flusses. Auf insgesamt 65 Untersuchungsflächen in 13 Flussegmenten wurde die Basalfläche aller Gehölzarten erhoben. Das minimale Alter der Bestände (8.4 ± 1.6 Jahre) wurde durch Jahrringanalyse bestimmt. Kanonische Korrespondenzanalysen zeigten, dass die Gehölzvegetation überwiegend durch den longitudinalen Gradienten (Lufttemperatur und Meereshöhe) strukturiert wurde. Kleinräumige Variablen, wie Bestandesalter, Entfernung zum nächsten Gerinne und Höhe über dem Wasserspiegel, hatten ebenfalls signifikante, aber geringere Effekte auf die Artenzusammensetzung. Insgesamt konnte 38% der Variation der Artenzusammensetzung erklärt werden. Weitere entscheidende Prozesse sind vermutlich mit Unterschieden in der Regeneration der Gehölzarten verknüpft. Das geringe Alter der Gehölzbestände der aktiven Aue zeigt, dass für die Renaturierung von Pionierhabitaten in Auen solche wasserbaulichen Maßnahmen nötig sind, die eine hohe Störungsintensität erlauben. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]