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68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has become a well-established imaging modality to detect prostate cancer (PCa) metastases in biochemical recurrence. Despite its claimed specificity for PCa, 68Ga-PSMA uptake in tissues unrelated to PCa, particularly in the neovascular tissue of other cancers, has been reported in numerous studies. A 73-year-old man underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of PCa 7 years after radical prostatectomy. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed 1 lesion with PSMA uptake in the distal left ureter. Histology revealed a low-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, PSMA expression was observed in the neoplastic urothelial cells and in the vessels of the papillary structures.

Treatment with bone-seeking radionuclides may provide palliation from pain originating from bone metastases. However, most studies have been conducted in patients with prostate cancer and patients with breast cancer. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the use of radionuclide treatment in lung cancer in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. In the eligible trials, pain relief was reported in 75% of the patients included in the studies. The onset of pain relief was seen within 1–5 weeks after treatment, lasting up to 6 months. However, the methodology in the included trials was poor—only two randomised trials were eligible, and none of them compared radionuclide treatments with placebo or best standard of care. The remaining trials were case series with inherent problems of methodology reporting. Particularly challenging was the lack of reporting of baseline disease status and use of prior/concomitant analgaesics. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to clarify the efficacy of radionuclide treatment in lung cancer.

A 69-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate cancer PSA 274 ng/mL, Gleason 4+3, T-stage 3b) underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging with follow-up scans 6 and 13 weeks after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initiation. Six weeks after ADT initiation, lymph node metastases observed at staging showed metabolic and radiological regression, whereas the skeleton showed increased PSMA uptake in existing bone metastases and several new PSMA-avid lesions. Skeletal PSMA uptake decreased after 13 weeks of ADT, and prostate-specific antigen decreased to 16 ng/mL. These findings suggest the presence of the flare phenomenon to ADT in bone metastases seen on PSMA PET/CT.

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic properties of EXINI BoneBSIin newly diagnosed prostate cancer in comparison with expert reading.

The aim of the study was to assess the agreement in the interpretation of bone scintigraphy (BS) in a newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

The aim of this study was the development of a quantitative assay that could support future studies of a panel of acute phase proteins (APPs) in the horse. The assay was based on a quantification concatamer (QconCAT) coupled to selected reaction monitoring methodology. Thirty-two peptides, corresponding to 13 putative or confirmed APPs for the Equus caballus(equine) species were selected for the design of a QconCAT construct. The gene encoding the QconCAT was synthesized and expressed as an isotope-labeled chimaeric protein in Escherichia coli. The QconCAT tryptic peptides were analyzed on a triple-quadrupole instrument, and the quantotypic properties were assessed in equine serum, wound tissue, and wound interstitial fluid. Reasonable quantotypic performance was found for 12, 14, and 14 peptides in serum, wound tissue, and interstitial fluid, respectively. Seven proteins were quantified in absolute terms in serum collected from a horse before and after the onset of a systemic inflammatory condition, and the observed protein concentrations were in close agreement with previous data. We conclude, that this QconCAT is applicable for concurrent quantitative analysis of multiple APPs in serum and may also support future studies of these proteins in other types of tissues and body fluids from the horse.

Purpose Being biodegradable, magnesium is considered a promising future implant material but very little is known about the biocompatibility for the tissues in direct contact with it. In this study, the degradation of pure magnesium implants in the skin of an isolated bovine udder was examined over a period of five hours.Methods Microdialysis technique was used in order to investigate the reactions at the interface of implant and tissue. Pure titanium implants served as control. Degradation behavior and biocompatibility were evaluated via extracellular magnesium ion concentration and PGE2and TNF alpha served as indicators of inflammation.Results Concentrations of 5.5 mmol/l Mg2+were detected at the beginning, which decreased to a plateau of about 3.5 mmol/l after approximately two and a half hours. PGE2and TNF alpha concentrations indicated no major inflammatory tissue response to the degradation.Conclusions These results give an idea of the ion burden at the implantation site of degrading magnesium and suggest good biocompatibility even at the tissue-implant interface.

Intestinal activity at the inferior myocardial wall represents an issue for assessment of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99mTc-labelled tracers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time and food on upper abdominal activity in 99mTc-tetrofosmin MPI.

1Physical activity is known to increase type I collagen synthesis measured as the concentration of biomarkers in plasma. By the use of microdialysis catheters with a very high molecular mass cut‐off value (3000 kDa) we aimed to determine local type I collagen synthesis and degradation in the peritendinous region by measuring interstitial concentrations of a collagen propeptide (PICP; 100 kDa) and a collagen degradation product (ICTP; 9 kDa) as well as an inflammatory mediator (PGE2).2Seven trained human runners were studied before and after (2 and 72 h) 3 h of running (36 km). Two microdialysis catheters were placed in the peritendinous space ventral to the Achilles’ tendon under ultrasound guidance and perfused with a Ringer‐acetate solution containing 3H‐labelled human type IV collagen and [15‐3H(N)]PGE2for in vivorecovery determination. Relative recovery was 37–59% (range of the s.e.m. values) for both radioactively labelled substances.3PICP concentration decreased in both interstitial peritendinous tissue and arterial blood immediately after exercise, but rose 3‐fold from basal 72 h after exercise in the peritendinous tissue (55 ± 10 μg l−1, mean ± s.e.m. (rest) to 165 ± 40 μg l−1(72 h), P< 0·05) and by 25% in circulating blood (160 ± 10 μg l−1(rest) to 200 ± 12 μg l−1(72 h), P< 0·05). ICTP concentration did not change in blood, but decreased transiently in tendon‐related tissue during early recovery after exercise only. PGE2concentration increased in blood during running, and returned to baseline in the recovery period, whereas interstitial PGE2concentration was elevated in the early recovery phase.4The findings of the present study indicate that acute exercise induces increased formation of type I collagen in peritendinous tissue as determined with microdialysis and using dialysate fibre with a very high molecular mass cut‐off. This suggests an adaptation to acute physical loading also in non‐bone‐related collagen in humans.

Patients with atopic dermatitis may experience exacerbations of eczema triggered by various inflammatory stimuli. One mechanism may be IgE-mediated reactions to dermatophytes since these patients are more likely to acquire skin infections with dermatophytes and may bcome sensitized.

Background: PSMA PET is a promising method for primary lymph node staging in prostate cancer. However, recent systematic reviews have identified only a limited number of studies with histopathology as a reference test. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. An expedited systematic review was performed where we identified diagnostic studies in prostate cancer where a preoperative PSMA PET for primary lymph node staging was compared to histopathology. The trials must have diagnostic data on a patient level. Results: Eighteen eligible clinical trials included 969 patients. The median patient number per study was 32 (range 10 to 208). Five trials were prospective, and nine trials had a consecutive enrolment of patients. Sixteen studies used Ga-68-PSMA-11; there was one study with Cu-64-PSMA and one study with F-18-DCDFPyL. Twelve studies used PET/CT, four trials used PET/MR. Most trials included patients with intermediate and high-risk. Diagnostic accuracy varied notably among the studies; sensitivity ranged from 23 to 100%, specificity 67–100%, positive predictive value 20–100%, and negative predictive value 41–100%. Weighted sensitivity was 59%, weighted specificity was 93%. Four studies compared PSMA PET with anatomical imaging (CT or MRI); in all cases, sensitivity and specificity were superior with PSMA PET. Three studies compared PSMA PET with multi-parametric or diffusion-weighted MRI with mixed results. Conclusions: PSMA PET showed promising diagnostic accuracy for primary lymph node staging with pathology as reference. Recommendation for PSMA PET for high-risk patients in clinical guidelines should be supported by confirmatory, prospective trials with patient-relevant outcomes.

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is becoming the most promising imaging modality for detecting recurrent prostate cancer. The modality has the advantage of being able to detect recurrent disease, even at very low prostate-specific antigen levels. However, several studies report 68Ga-PSMA uptake in tissue unrelated to prostate cancer. We present a 74-year-old man who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for recurrent prostate cancer 5 years after radical prostatectomy. The 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed an intramuscular lesion with increased PSMA uptake in the left vastus medialis muscle. The lesion was surgically removed, and histopathology found it to be an intramuscular myxoma that showed immunohistochemical PSMA expression.

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is increasingly used to assess prostate cancer. Avid 68Ga-PSMA uptake by thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reported in few cases. A 75-year-old man who received a diagnosis of RCC in 2006 and prostate cancer in 2009 presented with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels (0.7 ng/mL) following prostatectomy. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed avid 68Ga-PSMA uptake in 1 pelvic and 1 retroperitoneal lymph node and focal 68Ga-PSMA accumulation in the thyroid. Excised retroperitoneal lymph node and thyroid tissues showed metastases from RCC, whereas the pelvic lymph node exhibited metastasis from prostate cancer.