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The important role mangrove forests play in sequestering organic carbon is well known, yet rates of organic carbon accumulation in macro‐tidal mangrove ecosystems are poorly resolved. Here we use 210Pb dating to present a 125‐yr record of carbon, nutrient and trace metal accumulation in sediments from an Amazon macro‐tidal mangrove forest. We find that the rate of organic carbon accumulation ranged from 23.7 to 74.7 g m−2yr−1(average 38 ± 13.5 g m−2yr−1), significantly lower than global averages for mangrove forests. These low rates may be associated with sediment grain‐size and sediment–water interface processes that drive organic matter oxidation and reduce carbon stocks in these highly dynamic macro‐tidal forests. Total nitrogen accumulation ranged from 1.4 to 5.1 g m−2yr−1(average 2.7 ± 0.9 g m−2yr−1) and phosphorus from 1.5 to 8.4 g m−2yr−1(average 4.3 ± 1.9 g m−2yr−1). Trace metal accumulation rates (As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Hg, Bo, V, Co, Mo, S, and Ba) were also lower than other tropical mangrove forests globally, but trace metal in more recent sediments for Mn, As, Cu, and Hg were elevated, likely reflecting human footprint in the region since early the 20thcentury. The ability to accurately quantify carbon accumulation rates in mangrove ecosystems is critical for climate change mitigation strategies and the implementation of carbon offset schemes globally.

During the Angkor period (9th to 15th centuries C.E.) the Khmer kingdom extended across much of mainland Southeast Asia. The primate city of Angkor was located on the floodplains to the north of the Tonle Sap and connected to a network of secondary cities across the kingdom via formal road or navigable river systems. Preah Khan of Kompong Svay was one such secondary city, and was positioned on the eastern margins of Khmer territory approximately 100 km from Angkor. Stylistic dating of Preah Khan's temple architecture revealed that the majority of building works was conducted between the 11th and 13th centuries C.E., however only minimal archaeological evidence for occupation during this period has been found. This paper presents a record of environmental change that re-evaluates the settlement history of Preah Khan, and suggests that occupation and land use change was occurring at least between the early 12th and late 14th centuries C.E. Signs of gradual land use attenuation and a reduction in water infrastructure management are evident from the late 13th century through to the late 14th century C.E., and during the mid-14th century an apparent shift in the utilisation of the city occurs. This study helps to address the relative lack of research into cities outside the Angkor region, and demonstrates the value of using palaeoecological evidence for unravelling the complexity of settlement history in Angkor-period cities, particularly through the waning phases of occupation.

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Prior to the investigations in 2004–2005 of the West Mebon and subsequent analysis of archaeological material in 2015 it was presumed that the Mebon was built in the mid-11th century and consecrated only once. New data indicates a possible re-use of the water shrine and a refurbishment and reconsecration in the early 12th century, at which time a large sculpture of Viṣṇu was installed. Understanding the context of the West Mebon is vital to understanding the complex hydraulic network of Angkor, which plays a crucial role in the history of the Empire.

Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan) was a vast peripheral outpost of the Angkorian Khmer Empire, managed with either strong influence from the capital or semi-autonomously between the 11th and 13th centuries AD. It is believed to have held significant economic importance to the Angkorian elite given its assumed trade partnerships with the neighbouring Kuay hill tribes as well as its proximity to Phnom Dek, or “Iron Mountain”, one of Cambodia's richest known sources of iron oxide. However, the dating of a number of iron metallurgy sites found within the complex placed the heaviest period of industrial activity between the 13th and 17th centuries AD — during the decline of the Angkorian period and beyond into Cambodia's Middle Period. In this paper we present a more extensive record of occupation and use of the site, using a series of geoarchaeological and geochemical records, and show that occupation likely occurred in three stages (Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3). We suggest that in Stage 1 Preah Khan was initially established as a politico-religious expression of power in this strategically important region, and during this time maintained a small, non-industrial population. By the mid-late 14th century AD (Stage 2) macrocharcoal levels increase suggesting that Preah Khan's purpose may have shifted as it became increasingly occupied or utilised for iron smelting activity, before it was finally abandoned in Stage 3, approximately half a century before the supposed abandonment of Angkor. An important question raised from this transition is whether the increased activity in the later phase represents a new wave of Khmer occupants or parasitic occupation of an abandoned temple complex by neighbouring forest-based minority groups. These results highlight the benefit of using geoarchaeological approaches in reconstructing the histories of Angkorian settlements and in increasing our understanding of the response of Khmer peripheral cities to the abandonment of the capital.

Web technologies have given publishers and researchers alike opportunities to interact in new ways. These have had an impact on business models, the value of formal and informal communication, and the role of publishers in the networked community. This article looks at some recent examples which are likely to set precedents for the future of publishing technologies. In particular, it focuses on the evolution of Web searching, the growing importance of online communities, the potential of Web tools for self-publishing, and the way in which publishers can control their content even post-publication. It also suggests that the recent rash of e-book readers is unlikely to be of importance to scholarly publishing.

The article provides information on in-game advertising in Great Britain. Computer games are increasingly targeted by advertisers as a valuable new medium, but opinions differ about the success of in-game advertising. Computer games represent a new frontier for advertisers, and only in the past few years has there been any serious experimentation with the medium. There are several other reasons for the increasing appeal of computer games to advertisers. In addition, technology continues to advance so that games can be made to look and sound more realistic.

The article presents information related to the Internet business development incorporating Web 2.0 publishing systems in Germany, France and Spain. German web applications include Open Business Club, which is a social networking application for business. Its multilingual options allow it to promote itself as an international tool. It works around the formation of groups which specialize in particular areas. Criteo, a French technology firm provides recommendation service that can be deployed on any website. Users have the option to rate content negatively as well as positively. Vootext, a new Spanish web-authoring tool, allows users to publish articles online and allows readers to sign up to the feeds of their favorite authors.

The article evaluates a new custom publishing service in light of the arrival of SafariU, a custom publishing service that provides content from multiple publishers. It gives a definition of what custom publishing is all about. Three contributory factors that lead custom publishing into the market were enumerated. The way custom publishing works was also discussed in the article. Services provided by four different publishers: Pearson, Thomson, McGraw-Hill, O' Reilly offering custom publishing are differentiated.

Microfossil and sedimentological data from a 3.1 m core extracted from a reservoir (baray) at the ancient Cambodian settlement of Angkor Borei in the Mekong Delta have provided a continuous record of sedimentation and paleoenvironments dating from about 2000 cal yr B.C. Palynological data indicate that for much of the cal. 1st and 2nd millennia B.C. mangroves dominated the regional vegetation, while extensively and regularly burnt grasslands dominated the local vegetation. Turbid, nutrient-rich standing water characterized the core locality, perhaps suggesting a connection with rivers in the area. An abrupt change during the cal. 5th to 6th centuries A.D. involved a dramatic reduction in grasslands and the expansion of secondary forest or re-growth taxa. These changes are synchronous with an abrupt decline in the concentration of microscopic charcoal particles in the sediments, and the colonization of the core locality by swamp forest plants. These changes are taken to indicate a shift in land-use strategies or, possibly, a period of land abandonment. The age for the construction of the baray is interpreted to be in the 17th–19th centuries, but this dating remains speculative. Construction of the Angkor Borei baray exploited a preexisting body of standing water, so its construction was fundamentally different from the methods used at the Angkorian capital in northern Cambodia. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Microfossil and sedimentological data from a 3.1 m core extracted from a reservoir (baray) at the ancient Cambodian settlement of Angkor Borei in the Mekong Delta have provided a continuous record of sedimentation and paleoenvironments dating from about 2000 cal yr B.C. Palynological data indicate that for much of the cal. 1st and 2nd millennia B.C. mangroves dominated the regional vegetation, while extensively and regularly burnt grasslands dominated the local vegetation. Turbid, nutrient‐rich standing water characterized the core locality, perhaps suggesting a connection with rivers in the area. An abrupt change during the cal. 5th to 6th centuries A.D. involved a dramatic reduction in grasslands and the expansion of secondary forest or re‐growth taxa. These changes are synchronous with an abrupt decline in the concentration of microscopic charcoal particles in the sediments, and the colonization of the core locality by swamp forest plants. These changes are taken to indicate a shift in land‐use strategies or, possibly, a period of land abandonment. The age for the construction of the barayis interpreted to be in the 17th–19th centuries, but this dating remains speculative. Construction of the Angkor Borei barayexploited a preexisting body of standing water, so its construction was fundamentally different from the methods used at the Angkorian capital in northern Cambodia. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Introduction:Sudden acute deterioration is common in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and comparable lesions. Previous work by the investigators using a single-center cohort at Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH) resulted in a novel algorithm which can predict such events 1-2 hours in advance.Hypothesis:The TCH algorithm for predicting deterioration events in single ventricle patients 1-2 hours in advance can be translated to heart centers across the country without significant performance loss.Methods:A prospective study on infants undergoing cardiovascular surgical palliation at Children’s Colorado, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between Oct 2018 to Apr 2020 was conducted. Subjects were admitted to the cardiovascular ICU (CVICU) immediately after stage-1 palliation and enrollment continued until stage-2 palliation was performed or the subject was discharged. All physiologic data from all subjects were recorded from bedside monitoring equipment using the Sickbay system (Medical Informatics Corp, Houston, TX) in both CVICU and step-down units. Instances of cardiorespiratory deterioration, defined as the need for CPR or endotracheal intubation, were identified. The existing predictive algorithm was applied without re-training to the data obtained from study sites. A 12-hour lead-in period was used to initialize the algorithm. The ROC area, true and false positive rates (TRP & FPR) were used to quantify performance.Results:There were 58 subjects who met inclusion criteria across all sites. Median time between stage I & II surgeries was 141 days (126-155 IQR). A total of 30 in-hospital deterioration events were observed. Twenty-one subjects experienced at least 1 event. Most (72%) events occurred 40 days after stage I surgery. Over 29K hours of data was collected from subjects. The ROC area was found to be 0.927 for predicting deterioration events 1-2 hours in advance of overt extremis.Conclusions:This study validated the performance of an existing predictive algorithm which provides a 1-2 hour early warning for cardiorespiratory deterioration events in children with single ventricle physiology during their interstage period using a large, independent, multi-center patient cohort.

The article focuses on the growing use of wikis. The wikis has been used by consumers and businesses for informational purposes. The wikis offers variety of information for different purposes for its users. The Web site Wikipedia was launched in 2001 and became one of the top twenty most visited Web sites on the Internet. Seeing its increasing popularity, Wikipedia has introduced its innovative arms including Motorola Inc.'s Q wiki that provides information on Motorola mobile phones, Mediawiki, a free piece of software for creating wikis, and Wikibooks, a collection of free online textbooks.

The article presents information on several new handheld devices for reading e-books. E-Ink technology has been developed by E Ink Corp. of the U.S. E-ink has microcapsules, which turn black or white when they are exposed to an electronic charge. E-Ink is used in Electronic Paper Display (EPD), which is suitable for displaying content which doesn't change rapidly. The EPD technology is used for in-store signage. Howewer, EPD cannot be read in darkness. Sony Reader from Sony Corp. is the most popular device using e-ink technology. IRex Technologies has launched iLiad, another handheld reading device. iLiad has wireless technology, which is not there in the Sony Reader. However, iLiad doesn't have a standby mode, and has to be restarted everytime.

The article discusses the greater functionality provided by Adobe Corp.'s (AC) interactive or rich Portable Document Format (PDF). This PDF is bridging the divide between documents designed for printing and documents designed for reading on the Web. AC has been adding functionality to its PDF applications in an attempt to refashion PDF into a publishing format better suited to the Internet. In 1999, this effort included making the PDF capable of containing audio and video content and even three-dimensional graphical material.

The article discusses the concept of widgets. Widgets refer to the free, small, downloadable applications that provide information or user tools outside of the browser or application window. They can take up a very little portion on the desktop and can be positioned on screen depending on the user's convenience. The themes and uses of widgets vary according to the user's personal preference. The most successful widgets have simple visual information and are continuously open and updated.

The article presents information on various reading devices such as electronic books (eBook) and Dot Reader. There exists four major eBook formats and 16 minor ones. Adobe PDF is regarded as one of the least suited to digital rights control by publishers who desire to ensure that piracy is upheld. DotReader enables the users to share their annotations privately with a predefined group of users or to share them publicly on the web. DotReader has been designed to read every format that currently exists including MS Word, PDF and OEB. Publishers need not to convert existing content into other formats to make their books readable in DotReader. The International Digital Publishing Forum, formerly the Open eBook Forum, is approving a new container format that would enable publishers to release just one file to their sales partners inspite of releasing multiple formats that they have in the past.

The article examines the role of advertising networks in addressing the problem faced by many small Web sites in attracting and managing advertising revenues. Some of the well known advertising networks include Advertising.com by America On Line, ValueClick Media, Burst!Media and Tribal Fusion. Advertising models known as Run of Site (ROS) and Run of Network (RON) have affected the ad network's image. The ROS model is an ad buying option where ads may appear on any pages of the seller site. While the RON model will allow its ads to appear on many network sites instead of a single site.

The article reviews the mobile device software Infinity from International Business Machine Corp.

The article offers information about semantic search and Resource Description Framework (RDF) intended for Web search services. The introduction of semantic search on the Web, which is established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), will lead to a new generation of services based on content rather than on sentence structure. Moving towards this new Web era, effective semantic search engines will provide means for successful searches avoiding the heavy burden experimented by users in a classical query-string based search task. Meanwhile, RDF is also a W3C standard for describing resources on the Web which is a framework for describing Web resources, such as the title, author, modification date, content, and copyright information of a Web page.

We describe a newborn girl with incontinentia pigmenti (IP, MIM308300), unilateral acheiria, and fatal primary pulmonary hypertension. Limb deficiency has not been described previously in IP and pulmonary hypertension only on two previous occasions [Triki et al., 1992; Miteva et al., 2001]. A review of the cause of IP shows that these rare manifestations may not be unexpected, given the many roles of the underlying gene product. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.