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OBJECTIVE: Visnagin (Vis) is a compound found in the flowers and seeds of the Ammi visnaga plant with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the dose-dependent gonadoprotective effects of visnagin in rats while considering oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation-related protein expression levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight adult rats were divided into four groups of seven animals each; control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R+30Vis, and I/R+60Vis. Animals in control received no surgical application and were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The rats in I/R, I/R + Vis30, and I/R + Vis60 were exposed to testicular ischemia and the animals in I/R + Vis30, and I/R + Vis60 groups received either 30 or 60 mg/kg visnagin intraperitoneal. At the end of the experiment, testis tissues were used for the measurement of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. RESULTS: Our microscopic examinations indicated that I/R resulted in testicular degenerations and morphological alterations, which were improved in visnagin-treated animals. The biochemical analyses demonstrated that oxidative stress in the I/R group increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control group. The im munohistochemical examinations showed that pro-apoptotic Bax and Caspase 3 expressions, and pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05) but proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in I/R group was significantly (p<0.001) down-regulated compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia leading to testicular torsion is a reproductive health-affecting problem, and current surgical treatment methods might be insufficient to recover the testis due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our observations indicate that visnagin is a potential co-modality along with the surgical interventions for the recovery of ischemia encountered testis, but we believe the requirement of more detailed studies to explore the underlying signaling pathways and the strength of visnagin against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we sought to compare the effects of general and regional anesthesia techniques on the length of hospital stay and morbidity-mortality in geriatric patients who have had hip fractures and underwent surgical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 331 patients who were 65 or older and had had surgical treatment for elective or urgent hip fractures were classified into two groups; regional and general anesthesia. Recorded variables were: age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, comorbid disease, length of stay at the clinic, mortality, morbidity, intraoperative loss of blood, the necessity of blood transfusion, and type of fracture. These variables were compared in the control groups and evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: For the regional anesthesia group, length of stay in the clinic, loss of blood, and necessity of blood transfusion were significantly lower compared to the general anesthesia group (p<0.05). Additionally, we found general anesthesia mortality and morbidity rates were significantly higher than regional anesthesia (p<0.05). Finally, we determined that increased age and number of comorbid diseases increased the morbidity and mortality rates significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated regional anesthesia's advantages over general anesthesia when treating geriatric hip fractures. This includes reduced morbidity-mortality rates, bleeding, and shorter length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the thoughts of children, whose lives are governed by decisions taken by adults, on the right to self-determination. The study was conducted as a generic qualitative research, a qualitative research design. The study group included 16 children. The data were collected with semi-structured interviews conducted with children. Before the data collection process, the solo test game was played with children as ice breaker. After the solo test game, the modified version of the Cinderella fairy tale was read by the children and they were asked questions about the fairy tale. The objective of the modified Cinderella tale was to make children imagine a world where the decisions are taken by children. After the fairy tales, the semi-structured interview was conducted. The interviews were conducted upon the approval of the children to record the conversations, and the replies provided by children who did not provide approval for voice recordings were noted by the first author. The findings were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis results, the collected data was grouped in five categories that were organized under two themes. In conclusion, students stated that they were able to decide on daily matters such as selecting clothes, what to eat, however, they were presented with no choices in matters that could affect their lives such as school selection. Children stated that adults do not believe that children can make decisions on issues relevant to children's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose To compare the outcomes and associated costs of the treatment of mallet fractures with either extension block pinning or open reduction and hook plate fixation. Methods We treated 22 patients for a mallet fracture that involved at least 25% of the distal phalanx articular surface. Three joints demonstrated concomitant volar subluxation. Extension block pinning was used to treat 16 fractures (group 1) and 6 were treated with open reduction and hook plate fixation (group 2). All patients were evaluated at the second, fourth, and sixth weeks after surgery. Collected data included range of motion, extensor lag, and pain status. Patients were asked to grade preoperative and postoperative pain levels on a visual analog scale. Functional outcomes were determined by Crawford criteria. We retrospectively performed a cost analysis using our institutional records. Results Mean follow-up was 12.7 months. Visual analog scale pain scores improved by a similar amount for both groups. Preoperative pain scores were 7.0 for group 1 and 7.5 for group 2. Postoperative levels were 2.0 and 2.0, respectively. Mean extensor lag was identical for both groups, 5°. Mean flexion was 70° for group 1 and 80° for group 2. Based on the Crawford criteria, group 1 had 5 patients rated as excellent, 6 as good, 3 as fair, and 2 as poor. Group 2 outcomes were 2 excellent, 2 good, and 2 fair. Five complications occurred in group 1, and 1 in group 2. Differences noted between groups were not statistically significant. Extension block pinning was more cost-effective than hook plate fixation. Conclusions We find extension block pinning to be an equally effective but more cost-efficient treatment than open reduction and hook plate fixation. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]