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Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coaches and athletes in warm-up routines for preventing muscle injuries during exercise, and hoping for improving muscle performance commonly incorporate static stretching. However, static stretching exercises usually impairs muscle performance. Although static stretching exercises impair muscle performance, there is a greater variability of the evidence in static stretching induced impairments when the static stretching volume are less than 90 seconds per muscle group. In this sense, this study was designed to compare different static stretching volume on extensor and flexor knee peak torque. Twenty-one physically active men visited the laboratory five times for performing the familiarization process and experimental procedures. In each experimental procedure, the individuals performed an isokinetic test preceded by active warm-up and static stretching. The angular velocities of isokinetic tests were 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. The warm-up routines were: active warm-up on cycle ergometer + no stretching; active warm-up on cycle ergometer + twenty seconds of static stretching; active warm-up on cycle ergometer + forty seconds of static stretching; active warm-up on cycle ergometer + sixty seconds of static stretching. The stretching exercises were performed in knee extensors and knee flexors. No differences were showed between all protocols to knee extension peak torque at angular velocities 60°/s (F=0.545, p=0.653), 180°/s (F=0.082, p=0.969), and 300°/s (F=0.230, p=0.875). Moreover, knee flexion peak torque did not show difference between all protocols at angular velocities 60°/s (F=0.100; p=0.960), 180°/s (F=0.036, p=0.991) and 300°/s (F=0.057, p=0.982). This study provides evidence that static stretching performed until 60 seconds incorporated in warm-up routine did not impair extensor and flexor knee peak torque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis (Walker, 1853) (Kalotermitidae) is one of the most important wood structural pest in the world. Substances from the secondary metabolism of plants ( e.g., essential oils) have been considered an environmentally safer form of control for urban pests, such as termites. In the present study, we analyzed the lethal and sub-lethal effects of essential oil of Lippia sidoides and its major components on C. brevis pseudergates in two routes of exposure (contact and fumigation). The essential oil of L . sidoides and thymol were more toxic to C. brevis pseudergates when applied by contact (LD 50 = 9.33 and 8.20 µg mg −1 , respectively) and by fumigation (LC 50 = 9.10 and 23.6 µL L −1 , respectively). In general, treatments changed the individual and collective behaviors of C. brevis pseudergates, as well as the displacement and walking speed. The essential oil of L . sidoides and its major components showed a high potential to control C. brevis pseudergates, due to the bioactivity in the two routes of exposure and the sub-lethal effects on the behavior and walking, important activities for the cohesion of C. brevis colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze time trend of female mortality due to assault in Brazil, regions and states from 2002 to 2012. This is an ecological times series study with secondary data from women aged 20-59 years who died due to assault. Mortality rates were analyzed by simple linear regression and stratified by region, Gini Index and Human Development Index (HDI). The trend of female rate of mortality due to assault was stable in the country, with differences between states and regions. The Midwest had the highest rates and stagnation trend. There was an increased trend in the North, Northeast and South and a decreased trend in the Southeast. The states of the tertile with the highest HDI evidenced a declining trend and stabilization in the first and second tertiles. An increased mortality rate was recorded in states with greater social inequality. Notwithstanding the national stabilization behavior, results point to the need for social policies appropriate to the specificities of states and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo Analgesia adequada após esternotomia reduz eventos adversos no pós‐operatório. Várias modalidades estão disponíveis para tratamento da dor após cirurgia cardíaca: infiltração com anestésico local, bloqueio de nervos, opioides, anti‐inflamatórios não esteroidais, agentes alfa‐adrenérgicos, técnicas intratecais e epidurais e analgesia multimodal. Conteúdo Foi feita uma revisão sobre epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, prevenção e tratamento da dor após esternotomia. Também fora discutidas as diversas modalidades terapêuticas analgésicas, com ênfase em vantagens e desvantagens de cada técnica. Conclusões A cirurgia cardíaca é feita principalmente por esternotomia média, que resulta em dor significativa no pós‐operatório e uma incidência não insignificante de dor crônica. O controle efetivo da dor melhora a satisfação dos pacientes e os desfechos clínicos. Nenhuma técnica é claramente superior. Acredita‐se que um regime analgésico combinado multimodal (com várias técnicas) seja a melhor abordagem para tratar a dor pós‐operatória, o que maximiza a analgesia e reduz os efeitos colaterais. Background and objective Adequate analgesia after sternotomy reduces postoperative adverse events. There are various methods of treating pain after heart surgery, such as infiltration with a local anesthetic, nerve block, opioids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alpha‐adrenergic agents, intrathecal and epidural techniques, and multimodal analgesia. Content A review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of pain after sternotomy. We also discuss the various analgesic therapeutic modalities, emphasizing advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Conclusions Heart surgery is performed mainly via medium sternotomy, which results in significant postoperative pain and a non‐negligible incidence of chronic pain. Effective pain control improves patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. There is no clearly superior technique. It is believed that a combined multimodal analgesic regimen (using different techniques) is the best approach for treating postoperative pain, maximizing analgesia and reducing side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first CO 2 Field Lab built in Brazil was developed at the Ressacada Farm, in Florianopolis, SC with the goal of diminishing technical gaps in CO 2 storage covering research in Measuring, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) techniques, a need identified in the PETROBRAS Strategic Plan. Through the Company R&D Center (CENPES), and the Climate Change Mitigation Technological Program (PROCLIMA), PETROBRAS is sponsoring a joint 4-year research Project, in which both company and local academia personnel are collaborating to deploy, test and assess multiple near-surface CO 2 detection technologies. Longer term objectives include the validation of accurate and efficient detection, measurement and quantification tools to be deployed in large scale commercial CGS (Carbon Geological Storage) sites scheduled to be installed in the country to assist in validating storage efficiency and minimizing risk. In September 2013, the first CO 2 injection campaign was carried out, in which small volumes of gaseous food-grade industrial CO 2 (with a delta 13 C signature of ca.-32 ppmil) were injected into the ground at shallow levels through a vertical 3 m depth well and then migrated into the atmosphere. The campaign was run over 12 days, for 24 hours a day, at injection rates low enough not to offer any risks to the formation integrity and enabled the simultaneous assessment of CO 2 behavior in the soil, in the groundwater, at the surface and in the air. This paper presents an overview of the atmospheric measurements carried out at Ressacada, covering the background, injection and post-injection scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a joint R&D project under the full sponsorship of PETROBRAS, the Brazilian National Oil Company, the first CO 2 monitoring field lab was started-up in Brazil in 2011.The site chosen, the Ressacada Farm, in the Southern region of the country, offered an excellent opportunity to run controlled CO 2 release experiments in soil and shallow subsurface (< 3 m depth). This paper focuses on the presentation and comparison of the results obtained using electrical imaging, CO 2 flux measurements and geochemical analysis of the groundwater to monitor CO 2 migration in both saturated and unsaturated sand-rich sediments and soil. In 2013 a controlled release campaign was run, covering an area of approximately 6,300 m 2 . Commercial food-grade gaseous carbon dioxide was continuously injected at 3 m depth for 12 days. The average injection rate was 90 g/day, totaling ca. 32 kg of gas being released. The low injection rate avoided fracturing of the unconsolidated sediments composing the bulk of the local soil matrix. Monitoring techniques deployed during 30 consecutive days, including background characterization, injection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently one of the main challenges in CO 2 storage research is the development, testing and validation of accurate and efficient Measuring, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) techniques to be deployed at geological sequestration sites that are cost effective yet help minimize risk. This perspective motivated PETROBRAS, the National Oil Major in Brazil, through its R&D investments portfolio to prioritize research projects that would contribute to decreasing the technological gap in the area. The Company's periodic surveys indicated the lack of infrastructure, as well as expertise in CO 2 MMV, as two of the most critical issues at the national level. In order to bridge that gap, initial steps were taken in 2010 for the start-up and development of the first CO 2 MMV Field Lab in Brazil, fully sponsored by PETROBRAS, with a long term goal of enabling the ranking of the best, most cost- effective MMV technology alternatives to be deployed at commercial large scale CCGS sites scheduled to be installed in the country. In addition to providing basic infrastructure to carry out the CO 2 injection and controlled release experiments, the facility was designed for the simultaneous testing of multiple measuring methodologies. Additional benefits of the initiative are the creation of expertise and the acceleration of the know-how in MMV in Brazil, as well as the development of a deeper and more practical knowledge of CO 2 dynamics and impacts in a real world, open air scenario. Under the full support of the PETROBRAS R&D Center (CENPES), through its Climate Change Mitigation Technological Program (PROCLIMA), the Brazilian Pilot CO 2 MMV Lab was made possible through a joint 4-year research Project, conceived and carried out by PETROBRAS and local academia in Brazil, in close cooperation with international experts. An overview of the Project and the multiple research areas encompassed will be presented, together with the preliminary results of the first CO 2 injection campaign, which took place in 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Biotype Q) into Brazil has attracted the attention of farmers and the scientific community as this species has a high capacity for infestation and high tolerance to conventional insecticides. As an alternative to chemical control, botanical derivatives stand out as a valuable tool for integrated pest management (IPM). In this context, this work evaluated for the first time the bioactivity of essential oils of Piper marginatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) (PM-EO) and Mansoa alliaceae (Lam.) A.ww H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae) (MA-EO) against B. tabaci MED. First, concentration-mortality bioassays were performed to estimate the lethal concentrations (LCs) on nymphs of B. tabaci MED. The LC 50 s and LC 90 s were tested in multi-choice assays (repellency and oviposition deterrence) and no-choice assays (ovicidal effects and infestation ability). Finally, assays were carried out in a greenhouse to check the efficiency of the essential oils under semifield conditions. The major compounds identified in PM-EO were (E)-methyl eugenol (34.7%) and (Z)-methyl eugenol (27.5%), while diallyl trisulfide (52.8%) and diallyl disulfide (33.9%) were the major compounds in MA-EO. The EOs were toxic against nymphs in the laboratory and greenhouse and showed ovicidal effect and repellent action. The EOs also reduced oviposition and inhibited the colonization by B. tabaci MED. Our results reveal two promising sources of botanical pesticides to control B. tabaci MED. These compounds can cause lethal and sublethal effects in all insect life stages, increasing the control efficiency. [Display omitted] • Two essential oils (EOs) were tested against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED. • The EOs were efficient against nymphs in laboratory and semifield conditions. • The EOs showed ovicidal potential and repellent effects. • The treatments reduced oviposition by adults of B. tabaci MED. • The treatments inhibited the colonization by B. tabaci MED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combinations of essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives for pest management in storage grains. A high diversity of compounds in EOs and EO mixtures can increase their toxicity. Additionally, EOs can be useful in insecticide resistance programs. For this reason, we evaluated the fumigant toxicity and repellent effects of six essential oils (Dysphania ambrosioides, DA; Pelargonium graveolens, PE ; Piper arboreum , PA; Piper diospyrifolium , PD; Piper gaudichaudianum , PG; and Piper tuberculatum, PT) separately and in binary combinations against adults of Sitophilus zeamais (the maize weevil). First, the insecticidal activity of all possible combinations of the six EOs were assessed. Next, the concentrations needed to cause 50% and 90% mortality (LC 50 and LC 90 , respectively) in the S. zeamais population were determined for the most toxic EOs and mixtures. After that, the synergistic effect of the mixtures was also verified. Finally, the most toxic treatments were assessed to determine the time required to cause mortality of 50% of the population and check the repellent effects on S. zeamais. The binary mixtures of DA and PE, PT , PG, PD, and PA were the most toxic against S. zeamais. The LC 50 and LC 90 values for these treatments ranged between 1.77 and 2.25 μL L−1 and from 2.42 to 7.64 μL L−1, respectively. The mixtures were more toxic than the EOs tested separately, which indicates the occurrence of synergistic effects. All treatments caused mortality of 50% of the population of S. zeamais in less than 42 h of exposure. In addition, the combinations DA + PE, DA + PT, DA + PG, and DA + PA were repellent to S. zeamais. Based on these results, we conclude that the mixtures of EOs evaluated in this study are highly promising for the control of S. zeamais populations and can also be used for resistance management of this species. [Display omitted] • Fifteen combinations between six essential oils were evaluated. • Selected mixtures were more toxic than the essential oils separately. • The LC 50 s values of the mixtures ranged between 1.77 and 2.18 μL L−1. • The LC 90 s values of the mixtures were less than 3.08 μL L−1. • The mixtures acted fast and were repellent to Sitophilus zeamais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The development and application of CO2 separation technologies and geological storage is a strategic opportunity in terms of GHG mitigation especially for the energy industry. PETROBRAS has recently established strategies to face this technological challenge. In 2007 a corporate program was started off–PROCLIMA–under the coordination of PETROBRAS R&D Center (CENPES), aiming to provide technical management and support for the full development of the PETROBRAS’ CCS portfolio. Under the leadership of PETROBRAS, PROCLIMA articulates with the Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration Network, integrating Brazilian Universities and R&D institutions, also including international cooperation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the contextualized overview of the CO2 capture technology, with critical evaluation of state-of-art and technological development through patents applications and scientific articles. The scientific research and technological development and innovation of CO2 capture is mapped, providing not only an overview, but also concrete basis to define and optimize research and development (R&D) perspectives. It relates the stage of scientific, technologic and innovation development relate to the actions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to ensure the reduction of the global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. The yearly monitoring of actions is presented, focusing on scientific, technologic and innovation from governments and companies acting within various countries in an attempt to mitigate the effects of global climate change. The mapping of the capture technologies was focused on absorption, adsorption, membranes, cryogenic, enzymatic and hybrid. The capture technologies are also mapped according to the CO2 capture process (post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-combustion). The results are analyzed in terms of priority date, annual evolution of the patents portifolia, technology owners (country, continent, sector of society, companies, (R&D institutions), inventors and their countries, authors of scientific articles, article copyright owners, institutions and countries where the scientific research reported in the articles was performed, patent type (process, method, prototype, product, etc.), patents classification codes showing technologic trends and fields, type of gas source where CO2 is captured, type of processes and type of gas outputs after CO2 capture, details of the components and of the processes for each method capture, among other trends. The results are contextualized in terms of methods of CO2 capture processes, focusing on technology for IPCC, roadmaps, and government programs and strategies for reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. All the capture technologies are growing yearly, both in patent applications and in articles. Absorption and adsorption are the most used capture technologies, post-combustion is the most used capture process, and most of the patents refer to CO2 separation and removal. Most of the copyrights belong to Elsevier and American Physical Society, USA detains 52% of the patent applications and 31% of the articles published. The other patent applications belong mainly to Germany, France, Japan and United Kingdom. The countries with more aggressive appropriation policies are France, Norway, Germany, USA and Netherland. There is a strong correlation between countries of the technology owners and clear CCS government policies. The patent applications refer to over thirty entry gas currents, being focused on combustion and post combustion processes, followed by natural gas specification. New trends like Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC), Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR) are also focused. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The negative effect of insecticides on bees has been reported as one of the factors associated with the decline in population of these pollinators. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the stingless bee Nannotrigona aff. testaceicornis (Lepeletier, 1836) to a promising source of new insecticide molecules obtained from Lippia sidoides (rosemary pepper) essential oil (EO) and its major compounds (thymol, ρ -cymene, and (E)-caryophyllene), comparing them to commercial insecticides (organosynthetic: imidacloprid, deltamethrin and semisynthetic: spinetoram). For this, stingless bees were exposed by contact with these compounds to evaluate the lethal and sublethal (locomotion and flight orientation) toxicity. The L. sidoides EO and its major compounds have low lethal toxicity to forager worker bees (N. aff. testaceicornis). The organosynthetics imidacloprid (LD 50 = 0.00146 µg bee−1) and deltamethrin (LD 50 = 0.0096 µg bee−1) were about 209,589 and 31,875 times more toxic, respectively, than the least toxic natural compound, (E)-caryophyllene (LD 50 = 306 µg bee−1). Locomotion ability and flight orientation were little affected by spinetoram and by L. sidoides EO and its major compounds, however, were greatly reduced by the imidacloprid and deltamethrin insecticides. Besides shows low lethal and sublethal toxicity, the bioinsecticides were also avoided by the forager bees. Individuals treated with the L. sidoides EO and thymol were avoided by the untreated bees. Therefore, the natural products studied here were promising due to their recognized effectiveness against pest insects and greater safety to bees N. aff. testaceicornis. ga1 • Insecticides has negatively impacted bee populations. • Natural and synthetic insecticides were tested on Nannotrigona aff. testaceicornis. • Lippia sidoides essential oils and its major compounds showed low toxicity. • Bee activity was little affected by natural and semisynthetic insecticides. • The natural products were lower hazard to Nannotrigona aff. testaceicornis in lab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]