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This article examines the effects of residue level and manure application timing on runoff and sediment losses from no-till corn. It is worth noting that there is growing interest in evaluating the effects of corn silage harvesting methods on erosion control. Increasing the silage cutting height will increase residue cover and could conceivably minimize off-site migration of sediments compared with conventional silage harvesting. Treatments included conventional corn grain and silage and non-conventional, high-cut silage. Corn harvesting treatments were subjected to different manure application regimes: no manure or surface application in fall or spring. The combination of manure and higher residue associated with high-cut silage often lowered sediment export compared with low-cut silage. Nearly identical aggregate size distributions were observed in sediments from silage plots. High residue levels combined with spring-applied manure led to enrichment in the clay-sized fraction of runoff sediment.

The Canadian Panel of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry has developed standards in order to establish the minimum level of acceptable performance for the practice of bone densitometry in Canada. Previously, this group addressed the performance of densitometry in postmenopausal women. This report addresses the use of densitometry in men, premenopausal women, and children with a focus on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pooling data from four samples in which 1,882 men were assessed for acts of interpersonal violence, we report on 120 men whose self-reported acts met legal definitions of rape or attempted rape, but who were never prosecuted by criminal justice authorities. A majority of these undetected rapists were repeat rapists, and a majority also committed other acts of interpersonal violence. The repeat rapists averaged 5.8 rapes each. The 120 rapists were responsible for 1,225 separate acts of interpersonal violence, including rape, battery, and child physical and sexual abuse. These findings mirror those from studies of incarcerated sex offenders (Abel, Becker, Mittelman, Cunningham-Rathner, Rouleau, & Murphy, 1987; Weinrott and Saylor, 1991), indicating high rates of both repeat rape and multiple types of offending. Implications for the investigation and prosecution of this so-called "hidden" rape are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To examine the secondary metabolites present in the leaf extracts of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract was done to determine the phytochemical constituents in the various solvents studied. Results: The phytochemical study carried out on the leaf extracts of R. arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. confirm the existence of secondary metabolites such as phenols, saponins and tannins. Conclusions: The study suggests that the leaf extracts of R. arboreum Sm. ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. can be best utilized in developing bioactive compounds against pathogenic infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To examine the phyto-constituents of Adiantum caudataum (A. caudataum), Adiantum latifolium (A. latifolium), Adiantum lunulatum (A. lunulatum), Christella dentata (C. dentate) and Christella parasitica (C. parasitica), to provide chemical marker and find inter- specific variation between the medicinally important genuses. Methods: The dried and powered leaves materials (50 g) were extracted successively with 250 mL of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene and water by using Soxhlet extractor for 8 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent. The aqueous extracts were filtered using Whattman filter paper (No.1) and then concentrated in vacuum at 40 °C using Rotary evaporator. The residues obtained were stored in a freezer −70 °C until further tests. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. Results: A total of five plants and 30 extracts were examined for the phytochemical screening. The crude extracts of A. caudataum, A. latifolium, A. lunulatum, C. dentata and C. parasitica showed varied degree of phyto-constituents with reference to solvents of the plant extracts. A total of three plants and 18 extracts were examined for the phytochemical screening A. caudataum, A. latifolium, A. lunulatum. The steroid is totally absent in the tested extracts of A. lunulatum. Similar to that caoboxylic acid also absent in A. caudatum and Coumarin showed its presence only in A. caudatum. A total of two plants and twelve extracts were examined for the phytochemical properties of Christella. Of which phenol is present in 11 extracts tested. Steroid is present only in one extract of C. parasitica and coumarin is present only in C. parasitica five extracts. Conclusions: The present study result provids a simple and cheap tool (Chemical marker) for the characterization and identification of the medicinally important taxa. With the help the phytochemical screenings we can find inter- specific variation between the medicinally important genuses and easily we can differentiate the Adiantum and Christella genuses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To study the phyto-constituents present in some selected medicinally important pteridophytes from the Western Ghats, India. Methods: The dried and powered leaves materials (50 g) were extracted successively with 250 mL of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene and water by using Soxhlet extractor for 8 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent. The aqueous extracts were filtered using Whattman filter paper (No.1) and then concentrated in vacuum at 40°C using Rotary evaporator. The residues obtained were stored in a freezer −70°C until further tests. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. Results: The present study screened the phytochemical properties of ten plants with sixty six extracts and showed varied degree of phyto-constituents present. The presence or absence of the phyto-constituents depended upon the solvent medium used for extraction and the physiological property of individual taxa. Conclusions: From these results, it can be concluded that the ten plants extracts may be used as broad-spectrum antimicrobial, bioactive agent after extensive investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To examine the phytochemicals present in the pericarp of Crataeva magna (C. magna) (Lour.) DC. which is used as a traditional medicine by the inhabitants of Kanyakumari district. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the pericarp was done to determine the secondary metabolites in various solvents studied. Results: The phytochemical screening on the pericarp of C. magna (Lour.) DC. proved the presence of phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins and tannins. Conclusions: The findings of the present study recommended that the pericarp of C. magna (Lour.) DC. have potential antimicrobial compounds that may be of use for developing plant based drugs for various ailments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical properties of Azolla pinnata R. Br., Marsilea minuta L. and Salvinia molesta Mitch. Methods: The dried and powered leaves materials (50 g) were extracted successively with 250 mL of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene and water by using Soxhlet extractor for 8 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. Results: Out of eighteen tested extracts, eighteen extracts showed the presence of phenolics. Next to that, fourteen extracts were illustrated their existence of tannin. Ten extracts showed the occurrence of carbohydrates in the crude extracts of the selected plants. Steroid and saponin are present in eight extracts, next to that xanthoprotein is present in six extracts, followed by flavonoid and protein which are present in five extracts. Carboxylic acid showed its presence only in two extracts. Conclusions: From the results, it can be concluded that the three plants extracts show the presence of many bioactive compounds after extensive investigation. We recommend further research on these plants to quantify the concentration of these compounds. Further work will accentuate the isolation and characterization of active principles responsible for bio-efficacy and bioactivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]