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Objective: To evaluate the effect of trigonelline on bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to explore its underlying mechanisms using network pharmacology. Methods: IPF was induced in C57BL/6 mice by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Trigonelline was administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day orally from the 2nd day post-bleomycin induction up to the 14th day. In IPF-induced mice, lung coefficient, immune cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and oxidative stress were measured. Histological alterations in lung tissues were also assessed. Moreover, network pharmacology approach was conducted to reveal molecular interactions of bleomycin and trigonelline with targets of IPF. Results: Trigonelline treatment reduced bleomycin-induced oxidative stress and immune cell infiltration, and mitigated physiological changes in the lung tissues of mice. Moreover, trigonelline alleviated bleomycin-induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Network pharmacology analysis showed that bleomycin and trigonelline interacted with IPF targets, such as NFKB1, HDAC2, HIF1A, and TLR4. Conclusions: The interaction of trigonelline with key IPF targets and its ameliorative effects on lung damage and oxidative stress highlight its potential in treating IPF. It may be considered an antifibrotic agent for further clinical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study explores the prospects of operational stability of dual fuel operation comprehensively, considering that; methanol and diesel are of two different kinds which exhibit different combustion processes. To this effect, investigating the stability of engine operation under such condition becomes important. In this investigation, the harshness of the operation and the non-repeatability of the combustion cycles are examined, which have been identified as the major stability indicator in many studies. Such stability indices are characterized in this study through a comprehensive set of parameters, including of maximum pressure rise rate (ROPR max) and coefficient of variation of indicated mean effective pressure (COV IMEP); and of peak pressure (COV PP) and crank angle of 50% mass fraction burn (COV CA50). The experimental investigation is carried out under a split injection strategy by varying injection timings as well as injection mass percentages at predefined methanol injection durations. It is shown that the partially premixed mode under the split injection strategy exhibits significant potential in reducing the harshness of operation indicated by lower peak pressure rise and increasing the repeatability of the combustion cycles implied by the substantially lower scores of the considered parameters for mapping stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the rates of complications and identify potential risk factors associated with mandibular third molar extractions in order to enhance understanding and management of these procedures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a sample of 121 participants who underwent mandibular third molar extractions at a dental clinic. Demographic information, surgical techniques employed, and post-operative complications were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors (age, gender, surgical technique) and complications. Results: Participants who underwent extraction with flap elevation had a higher complication rate compared to those without flap elevation (p < 0.05). Infection was the most prevalent complication, with a frequency of 13.2%. Age was identified as a potential risk factor, with participants in the age group of 31-40 years being at higher risk (p < 0.05). Gender showed a slight association with complications, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complication rates and potential risk factors associated with mandibular third molar extractions. The findings highlight the importance of careful patient selection, consideration of surgical techniques, and the implementation of infection control measures to minimize complications. Further research is warranted to validate these findings, explore specific surgical techniques, and optimize patient management strategies in oral surgery practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study conducted on the genetic variability of Indian mustard genotypes in Northern Karnataka, India. The study evaluated the variability in eight genotypes of Indian mustard and recorded observations for 12 different traits. The study found that certain traits, such as the number of secondary branches and racemes per plant, exhibited high genetic variability and potential for improvement. The genotypes TM-210, TM-136, and KMR (E) 16-11 showed superior performance in terms of yield across all locations. The study suggests combining hybridization and recombination to enhance diversity and improve selection programs. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of two drugs, dexmedetomidine (0.5 Â mcg/kg) and tramadol (0.5 Â mg/kg), with respect to time from drug administration to control shivering and adverse effects of each drug. Methods: All patients in our study received spinal anesthesia in the left lateral position using a 25G Quincke needle via the midline approach in the L3-L4 intervertebral space under strict aseptic precautions and local anesthesia of the skin. Following free flow of CSF, 0.5% bupivacaine (hyperbaric) was injected depending on the requirement for surgery (3-4 ml). Patients who developed shivering after administering spinal anesthesia were included in the study. When patients developed shivering of above mentioned grades, they were randomly allotted to one of the two study groups (50 each), group D- Dexmedetomidine group receiving single intravenous bolus dose of 0.5mcg/kg over 5 min and group T --Tramadol group patients receiving 0.5 mg/ kg IV over 5 min. The time from drug administration to the control of shivering was recorded in seconds. Patients were closely monitored for side effects. Results: The incidence rate of shivering was 58 %. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to baseline heart rate (HR) or HR at the onset of shivering. However, the HR decreased significantly in Group D compared to that in Group T immediately after the cessation of shivering. The time to onset of shivering and severity of shivering were not statistically different between the two groups. The mean interval between the injection of the drugs (dexmedetomidine and tramadol) and complete cessation of shivering was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during shivering were statistically insignificant. The side effects of tramadol were more severe than those of dexmedetomidine. Conclusion: The time taken for cessation of postspinal shivering was lower with dexmedetomidine than with tramadol. Dexmedetomidine has negligible adverse effects, whereas tramadol is associated with significant nausea and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new topology with two shunts flexible AC transmission system (FACTs) devices, thyristor binary switched capacitors (TBSC), and thyristor binary switched reactors (TBSR) based SVC has been developed, which are working in parallel. Both TBSC and TBSR are designed, and simulation results are obtained for the dynamic loading condition. Switching of capacitor and reactor banks with thyristor as a switch is obtained at transient-free conditions so that the significant problem of switching harmonics is eliminated. The coarse control of reactive power is obtained by selecting switchable capacitor banks in binary mode. For fine control, the TBSR bank is designed with a total value equal to the lowest step value of the TBSC bank. It is discrete stepwise compensation at a period of one cycle, and this reactive power compensation is almost continuous as per requirement. It has near-to-zero switchings and zero steady-state harmonics. The mathematical model of TBSC + TBSR has been identified with the system identification toolbox. Different control strategies are implemented as PID controller, Model predictive control, and Model reference adaptive control. The proposed SVC topology performance is discussed based on the performance parameters such as rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot using adaptive controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to model the initial international spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and analyze the risk of early initial spread using data from 105 countries. A generalized linear model (GLM) is developed to analyze the relationship between the initial international spread and its factors. Findings showed that the countries with high tourism activity are affected early by COVID-19, and countries with a better quality healthcare system can adequately detect the spread. Countries that promptly restricted air passengers have experienced a delay in the initial international spread. A regression analysis of fatalities during the initial stage suggested that the countries with an early initial spread of COVID-19 coupled with a high proportion of the elderly population possess a relatively high risk of fatalities. The study provides insights into the factors influencing the initial international spread of contagious diseases and the effect of air travel restrictions on the spread. This study can aid in contingency planning during the initial spread of pandemics, especially for countries with high tourism activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to academia's lack of involvement in research, development, and innovation activities, there is a tremendous amount of talent underutilised in Indian engineering educational institutions. Indian engineering educational institutions confront numerous obstacles that limit their participation in research. Lack of funding, a tight budget, poor fund allocation, a weak research ecosystem, fewer opportunities for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research, a decline in PhD enrolment, over-centralization, a lack of accountability, transparency, and bureaucratic structures have all contributed to an increase in the administrative workload at universities, which has diluted their primary emphasis on research. The K J Somaiya Institute of Engineering and Information Technology (KJSIEIT), an engineering educational institute in India, is the subject of a research case study in this paper that addresses the challenges of Indian engineering institutes' limited involvement in research development and innovation. KJSIEIT's efforts to establish a research culture have demonstrated this by launching practises for research, development, and innovation such as strong hand holding for idea implementation, building incubator and start-up support systems, constant encouragement for increased research involvement, hands-on training for start-ups, applying for and competing for government funding, working on industry collaborative, societal, need-based, educational, agricultural and healthcare. These tested procedures at KJSIEIT can serve as a model for other engineering schools in India in addressing the issues of low participation and contribution in research and supporting ecological development of developing nations in order to survive in the cutthroat environment of contemporary economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic growth plan is a road map of an institute looking for its continuous and sustainable development over certain time duration. Measuring the constant and sustainable growth of any higher and technical educational institute, the strategic goal plan is the blueprint focused towards achieving the vision and mission of the institute. The strategies in terms of short and long term goals, measured through performance indicators of academics, administration, finance, research and extension activities need to be identifies, defined, worked on it and should be monitored and evaluated against target settings. This article presents the Strategic Educational Growth Plan of K J Somaiya Institute of Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India an higher and technical engineering institute in the era of Emerging Areas of Science and Technologies. The comprehensive suggestions and involvement of all the stakeholders of institute for realizing strategic growth plan has showed that the use of emerging areas of science and technologies, if incorporated in the development of the institute, can contributing at large, the growth of the nation. The proved practices of working on nationwide initiatives in healthcare, education, agriculture etc under the targeted sustainable growth of the institute has set a remark in the education sector which can adopted as a guideline by other developing engineering institutes in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the cardioprotective efficacy of equimolar doses (50 mM/kg, p.o.) of phloretin and genistein against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Cardiotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 6 mg/kg doxorubicin on alternative days till the cumulative dose reached 30 mg/kg. This study included four treatment groups of rats (n=6): the control group (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution-treated), the doxorubicin- treated group (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution along with doxorubicin), the genistein-treated group (50 mM/kg/day; p.o. along with doxorubicin) and phloretin-treated group (50 mM/kg/day; p.o. along with doxorubicin). On the 10th day of dosing, rats were anesthetized for recording ECG, mean arterial pressure, and left ventricular function. Oxidative stress, nitric oxide levels, and inflammatory cytokines were estimated in the cardiac tissue. Cardiac function parameters (creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase) were estimated in the serum samples. Results: Phloretin treatment inhibited doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and also reduced nitric oxide levels in cardiac tissues of rats. Phloretin administration attenuated doxorubicin- induced alterations in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and left ventricular function) and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cardiac injury markers like creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were reduced by both genistein and phloretin. All these effects of phloretin were more prominent than genistein. Conclusions: Phloretin offers cardioprotection that is comparable to genistein, a clinically validated cardioprotectant against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Further studies are needed to confirm and establish the therapeutic utility of phloretin as a chemopreventive adjuvant to doxorubicin chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In recent years, biosynthesized nanoparticles has shown a promise as alternative avenue for improving the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. Despite, there is a significant gap in existing literature concerning the comprehensive study of biogenic silver nanoparticles derived from terrestrial fern species and their potential effects on cancer cells. This study is aiming to investigate effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of bracken fern Pteridium revolutum on inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HCT-15 cells. Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Pteridum revolutum followed by their characterization (UV–Visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD and FTIR). The impact on cell proliferation of HCT-15 cells was assessed by MTT assay while induction of apoptosis was demonstrated via DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 assay, cell cycle arrest, FITC V- Annexin assay and evaluation of expression of apoptotic genes using real time PCR and western blotting techniques. Results of UV–Vis spectrum of colloidal solution of CW-AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. TEM and XRD results confirmed synthesis of spherical shaped, 20–40 nm sized nanoparticles. The results elucidate cytotoxic effect of PR-AgNPs against HCT-15 cells in time and dose dependent manner with IC50 observed at 5.79 ± 0.58 µg /mL after 24 h of exposure. Furthermore, PR-AgNPs induce significant alterations in cellular morphology, elevate DNA DNA fragmentation and enhance expression of p53 and caspase-3 in HCT10 cells. The findings from this study address the noteworthy antiproliferative effects of PR-AgNPs in cancer cells primarily mediated through activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway by inducing p53 and caspase-3 genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the acceptance of a mega rail freight infrastructure as a sustainable alternative to road transport for domestic freight movements in India. The dedicated rail freight corridors (DFCs) are the freight-only rail corridors proposed by the Indian government to improve freight mobility from a sustainable outlook. A shipper/freight forwarder survey was conducted to gather information on mode attributes and their stated preferences toward DFCs. We employ discrete choice (binary logit) and machine learning algorithms (random forest and extreme gradient boosting) to analyse the choice behaviour. The machine learning methods exhibited higher prediction accuracy, while discrete choice models offered better interpretability. On-time performance and transport costs are crucial factors that influence mode choice. Large-scale companies are more willing to shift to DFCs compared to small and medium firms. The policy scenario analysis indicates that providing a better on-time performance can gain a substantial share of DFCs. • Analysed shippers/freight forwarders' preference for Dedicated Freight Corridor. • Modelling freight mode choice using logit and machine learning methods. • On-time performance is found to be important in freight mode choice decision-making. • Large-scale companies are willing to shift to DFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Neuralgia being referred as relentless pain along the course of a nerve due to injury or irritation of the nerve. Topics include vascular compression of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve near the brainstem leading to the episodes of pain; and leading to focal demyelination and remyelination process enabled by microvascular ischaemic changes.

Background: Bladder neoplasms contribute to significant mortality and morbidity that are more disabling and lethal. Hence early and accurate histomorphological diagnosis with grading and staging helps in early management thus having better prognosis of bladder neoplasms. Objective: The present study aimed to study the clinico-histomorphological features of bladder lesions with special emphasis on grading and staging of the bladder neoplasms. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive type carried out over a period five years from June 2015-June 2020 at a Multispecialty private hospital Trident, Bangalore. All patients who visited to urology outpatient department with lower urinary tract symptoms and obstructive bladder symptoms were subjected to cystoscopy. The detailed clinico-histomorphological features were studied using World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 histological grading system and Tumour, lymphnode and Metastasis (TNM) staging and thus used in classifying the bladder neoplasms. Results: Among 331 cystoscopic biopsies received, neoplastic lesions constituted 63.4% of the cases. Among the neoplastic lesions, malignant lesions accounted for 89.52% of the cases. Among the malignant lesions, urothelial carcinoma (90.4%) was the commonest with high prevalence of high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (58.85%) and invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (84.34%). Conclusions: In our study we observed a high prevalence of bladder neoplasms. Clinically most of the patient with benign bladder neoplasms presented with lower urinary tract symptoms while malignant bladder neoplasms presented with haematuria. Majority of bladder tumours on cystoscopy was localized on the lateral wall of bladder. The gold standard histomorphology in adjunct to histochemical and immunohistochemistry helps in early, accurate grading and staging of bladder tumours thus helps in early management with better prognosis of the of bladder neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prescribing the appropriate imaging modality and ensuring optimal imaging. Objective: To give a brief account of Radiographic Interpretation of periodontal disease and to describe the various radiological features of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: This review was undertaken following the PRISMA protocol. Search was carried out through various engines and medical databases like Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, etc.. Keywords "Radiographs", "Imaging", "Periodontal disease" were used to obtain the relevant data. An analysis of the imaging options, the reason behind the selection of a particular imaging modality, including advantages and disadvantages of each modality used was carried out. Results: In many ways, the interpretation of the images created is the most important aspect of diagnostic imaging. Failure to ensure thorough and accurate interpretation denies the diagnostic benefit to the patient who has received ionizing radiation associated with the radiologic study. Conclusions: Radiographs can be used to document periodontal disease and determine the success or failure of periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Jaw stiffness and restricted mouth opening are common symptoms of TMJ disorders, which can make it difficult for a patient to get thorough dental treatment. The purpose of this article is to offer a basic summary of surgical management of temporomandibular disorders. Material and Methods: The current review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Search was carried out through various engines and medical databases including Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, etc. Keywords "TMJ", "surgical interventions in TMD", "surgical management of TMJ disorders" were used to obtain the relevant data. The analysis of the treatment modalities, as well as the reasons for choosing a certain surgical procedure, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of the treatment chosen was carried out. Results: The found of 24 articles on the subject from the sources following the search criteria. A total of 146 surgically treated patients for various TMJ issues were considered in the analysis. For the treatment of TMJ problems, a variety of surgical treatments are presently available, ranging from arthrocentesis and arthroscopy of the TMJ to much more complex open joint surgical operations. Conclusion: When conservative therapy fails to relieve articular pain and restore functional jaw motions, surgical treatment for TMJ problems is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]