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The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of SA106 Grade B (SA106B) carbon steel in H2SO4-N2H4and H2SO4-N2H4-CuSO4solutions at 95 °C have been investigated with the addition of commercial corrosion inhibitors (CI#30 and No. 570S), to determine the stability of SA106B in the hydrazine-based reductive metal ion decontamination (HyBRID) process. The potentiodynamic polarization experiment revealed that the corrosion inhibitors were capable of lowering the corrosion rate of SA106B in H2SO4-N2H4solution. It was found that the corrosion inhibitors induced formation of fixed surface layer on the carbon steel upon the corrosion. This corrosion inhibition performance was reduced in the presence of CuSO4in the solution owing to the chemical reactions between organic compounds in the corrosion inhibitors and CuSO4. CI#30 showed a better corrosion inhibition effect in the H2SO4-N2H4-CuSO4solution. Although the corrosion inhibitors can provide better stability to SA106B in the HyBRID solution, their application should be carefully considered because it may result in reduced decontamination performance and increased secondary waste generation.

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By introducing a heteroatom into carbon material, an effective improvement in capacitance can be realized owing to surface oxidation and reduction reactions of pseudocapacitors. Herein, a simple one-pot carbonization activation method was proposed to convert potassium citrate into three-dimensional interconnected porous carbon (PC). Then, an effective double heteroatom doping method by thiourea was used to prepare nitrogen–sulfur-doped PC (N,S-PC). This porous structure facilitates the storage of a large number of ions and reduces their diffusion path. The synthesized N,S-PC nanomaterial has a capacitance of 674 F/g at 1 A/g in a 1 M H2SO4electrolyte, can retain 94.41% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 5 A/g, and has a long cycle life. More importantly, a symmetric supercapacitor assembled with this material can exhibit an energy density of up to 32.6 (W·h)/kg at a high-power density of 750 W/kg. This is due to the high performance of N,S-PC in supercapacitor electrode materials.

IMPORTANCE: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignant tumors. Data are lacking on the survival benefit of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in women with ovarian cancer who underwent primary or interval cytoreductive surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical benefit of HIPEC after primary or interval maximal cytoreductive surgery in women with stage III or IV primary advanced ovarian cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial performed at 2 institutions in South Korea from March 2, 2010, to January 22, 2016, a total of 184 patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer with residual tumor size less than 1 cm were randomized (1:1) to a HIPEC (41.5 °C, 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin, 90 minutes) or control group. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Overall survival and adverse events were key secondary end points. The date of the last follow-up was January 10, 2020, and the data were locked on February 17, 2020. EXPOSURES: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS: Of the 184 Korean women who underwent randomization, 92 were randomized to the HIPEC group (median age, 52.0 years; IQR, 46.0-59.5 years) and 92 to the control group (median age, 53.5 years; IQR, 47.5-61.0 years). After a median follow-up of 69.4 months (IQR, 54.4-86.3 months), median progression-free survival was 18.8 months (IQR, 13.0-43.2 months) in the control group and 19.8 months (IQR, 13.7-55.4 months) in the HIPEC group (P = .43), and median overall survival was 61.3 months (IQR, 34.3 months to not reported) in the control group and 69.5 months (IQR, 45.6 months to not reported) in the HIPEC group (P = .52). In the subgroup of interval cytoreductive surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the median progression-free survival was 15.4 months (IQR, 10.6-21.1 months) in the control group and 17.4 months (IQR, 13.8-31.5 months) in the HIPEC group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.99; P = .04), and the median overall survival was 48.2 months (IQR, 33.8-61.3 months) in the control group and 61.8 months (IQR, 46.7 months to not reported) in the HIPEC group (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96; P = .04). In the subgroup of primary cytoreductive surgery, median progression-free survival was 29.7 (IQR, 17.2-90.1 months) in the control group and 23.9 months (IQR, 12.3-71.5 months) in the HIPEC group, and the median overall survival was not reached in the control group and 71.3 months (IQR, 45.6 months to not reported) in the HIPEC group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The addition of HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery did not improve progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Although the results are from a subgroup analysis, the addition of HIPEC to interval cytoreductive surgery provided an improvement of progression-free and overall survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01091636

The structural materials of a test blanket module were exposed to neutron irradiation and hydrogen isotope permeation. A quantification of neutron irradiation damage of these materials is important to estimate the point defect rate, which traps hydrogen isotope. To evaluate the structural stability of the hydrogen isotope permeation barrier for international thermonuclear experimental reactor materials, neutron irradiation damage of Al2O3/SS316L is required. An MC-50 cyclotron was used as a source for neutron irradiation during the neutron dose experiments. Beryllium (Be) was used as a target for the neutron generation by 9Be(p,n)9B reaction, and the neutron spectrum was calculated. The resultant dominant relative neutron fluxes were similar, with neutron energies of 2.45 and 14.1 MeV, which are given by D–D and D–T reaction from a nuclear fusion reactor. To quantify the extent of damage due to the neutron irradiation, the displacement per atom rate was calculated using the particle and heavy ion transport code system. The effect of the thickness of the Al2O3layer on the neutron irradiation damage and on its radionuclides was also analyzed. The information on the reaction rate and the radionuclides for charged particles can be combined with a density functional theory analysis to explain the correlation between hydrogen isotope permeability and defects.

We prepared zeolite 13× beads and 10% zeolite 13× bead-embedded water-permeable blocks using porous zeolite powder. The difference in the surface state and pore structure of the zeolite powder and bead was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements. The process for making zeolite beads partially damaged their surface. Furthermore, the pore structure of the zeolite beads changed from micropores to a mixture of micro- and mesopores. The sulfur oxide (SOx) adsorption efficiency of zeolite powder, beads, and blocks was evaluated. The initial SOxadsorption efficiency of zeolite beads decreased after washing ten times, but the increase in SOxconcentration after initial adsorption was very small. The SOxadsorption efficiency of the block was very high even after washing ten times. These results indicate that the block is promising for applications requiring the adsorption of harmful gases such as SOxand NOx.

To obtain a material that adsorbs nitrogen oxide (NOx) gas with high efficiency, we used sulfuric acid (H2SO4)-treated activated carbon (AC). The proposed H2SO4-treated AC was treated by dipping and spray coating in a H2SO4solution. For structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements were performed on general and H2SO4-treated ACs. The composition of the atoms on the surface and inner pore structure of both ACs was confirmed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. From the structural analysis, it was confirmed that the structure of H2SO4-treated AC was similar to that of general AC, indicating that it was not affected by the H2SO4solution. There was no significant difference in the inner pore structures of general and H2SO4-treated ACs through specific surface area analysis, which indicates that the physical adsorption of NOxgas for the H2SO4-treated AC is similar to that of general AC. Based on the atomic composition analysis, it was confirmed that sulfur ions were largely present on the inner pore structure than the surface of H2SO4-treated AC. These results indicate that the chemical adsorption of sulfur ions and NOxgas in the inner pore structure occurred rather than physical adsorption. The results of this study are expected to be applicable to the field of materials that remove harmful gases.

(Abstracted from Lancet Oncol2021;22:1034–1046)The majority of patients with ovarian cancer will experience relapse and develop platinum-resistant disease after being treated with frontline platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment options for platinum-resistance or platinum-refractory disease are very limited, usually involving nonplatinum chemotherapy, and they are associated with poor objective response rates and life expectancy.

Massive computation of the reconstruction algorithm for compressive sensing (CS) has been a major concern for its real‐time application. In this paper, we propose a novel high‐speed architecture for the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, which is the most frequently used to reconstruct compressively sensed signals. The proposed design offers a very high throughput and includes an innovative pipeline architecture and scheduling algorithm. Least‐squares problem solving, which requires a huge amount of computations in the OMP, is implemented by using systolic arrays with four new processing elements. In addition, a distributed‐arithmetic‐based circuit for matrix multiplication is proposed to counterbalance the area overhead caused by the multi‐stage pipelining. The results of logic synthesis show that the proposed design reconstructs signals nearly 19 times faster while occupying an only 1.06 times larger area than the existing designs for N= 256, M= 64, and m= 16, where Nis the number of the original samples, Mis the length of the measurement vector, and mis the sparsity level of the signal.

Hydrazine (N2H4) can injure lungs, liver, kidney, and central nervous system, and it may be carcinogenic to humans. It is used for a chemical decontamination process (HyBRID) of a nuclear facility. After the decontamination process, wastewater containing a high concentration of hydrazine is generated. Thus, it is necessary to remove hydrazine from the wastewater by a safe level. The decomposition tests of hydrazine in wastewater surrogates were conducted in this study at various pH levels, molar ratios of H2O2/N2H4, and stirring rates. Through these tests, it was found that the decomposition of hydrazine can be promoted by Cu(OH)2at pH of 9.0. Based on this result, a decomposition behavior of hydrazine was derived, and optimal conditions for the removal of hydrazine in a wastewater by a level of less than 10 ppb were determined. The optimal conditions were successfully demonstrated in a pilot-scale of chemical decontamination system.

In this paper, we studied the heat flux effect of thermal metamaterials according to the distance of each layer, which can effectively suppress heat propagation and improve an adiabatic property, through the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation. Based on multiple layers of thermal meta-materials, the heat flux in the propagation direction could be suppressed by thermal meta-layers. The heat flux transferred through the gap between thermal meta-layers could also be efficiently suppressed by controlling the gap of each meta-layer in a concrete block. It was found that the heat transfer characteristics and the thermal insulation efficiency can be adjusted according to the change of the distance in the 5-layers meta-structure. Furthermore, the adiabatic property greatly changed depending on the location of the heat source and the thermal meta-structure transferred into the concrete. The appropriate thickness of each meta-layer should be used to suppress heat transfer and improve adiabatic properties in the concrete structure from the results of the 10-layer meta-structure.

The radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) scheme with a circularly polarized laser pulse is well-known to provide an efficient generation of intense, energetic quasi-monochromatic ion beams. Depending on the thickness of targets, the RPA appears in two distinct modes: the light-sail (LS) RPA, which develops in ultrathin targets, and the hole-boring (HB) RPA, which develops in relatively thick targets. In this work, we investigated the ion acceleration dynamics of the LS-RPA and the HB-RPA through a fully relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The transition and competition between LS- and HB-RPA modes are investigated with suitable explanations of a one-dimensional (1D) theoretical model. To check the validity of the 1D results and investigate the multi-dimensional effects, two-dimensional simulations are also carried out. The present work may provide a deeper understanding of RPA and useful guidelines for generating high-quality and high-fluence ion beams.

In nature, many cells possess cilia that provide them with motor or sensory functions, allowing organisms to adapt to their environment. The development of artificial cilia with identical or similar sensory functions will enable high-performance and flexible sensing. Here, we investigate a method of producing artificial cilia composed of various polymer materials, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and poly (allylamine hydrochloride), using a field effect spinning (FES) method. Unlike wet- or electro-spinning, in which single or multiple strands of fibers are pulled without direction, the FES method can grow fiber arrays vertically and uniformly on a substrate in cilia-like patterns. The lengths and diameters of the vertically grown artificial cilia can be controlled by the precursor polymer concentration in the solution, applied electric current and voltage, and shape and size of the needle tip used for FES. The red, green, and blue emission characteristics of the polymer-quantum dot-based self-emitting artificial cilia prepared in polymer–inorganic nanoparticle hybrid form were determined. In addition, an artificial cilia-based humidity sensor made of the polymer–polymer composite was fabricated.

An invisibility cloak based on visible rays with a refractive index similar to that of air can effectively conceal people or objects from human eyes. However, even if an invisibility cloak based on visible rays is used, an infrared (IR) thermography camera can detect the heat (thermal radiation) emitted from different types of objects including living things. Therefore, both visible and IR rays should be shielded using an invisibility cloak produced by an appropriate technology. Herein, we developed a textile cloak that can almost completely conceal people or objects from IR vision. If a person or object is covered with an IR- and thermal-radiation-shielding textile woven with polyurethane (PU)–tin oxide (SnO2) composite microtubes, serving as an IR invisibility cloak, IR and thermal radiation emitted from the person or object can be simultaneously blocked. Furthermore, the IR- and thermal-radiation-shielding characteristics could be improved further by filling the core of the PU–SnO2composite microtubes with heat-absorbing materials such as water and paraffin oil in place of air. In addition, the external surface of the IR- and thermal-radiation-shielding textile serving as an IR-reflecting cloak can be waterproofed to enable certain IR- and thermal-radiation-shielding functions under various environmental conditions.

To realize the potential applications of stretchable sensors in the field of wearable health monitoring, it is essential to develop a stable sensing device with robust electrical and mechanical properties in the present of varying external conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a stretchable temperature sensor with the elimination of strain-induced interference via geometric engineering of the free-standing stretchable fibers (FSSFs) of reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane composite. The FSSFs were formed in serpentine structures and enabled the implementation of a strain-insensitive stretchable temperature sensor. On the basis of the controlled reduction time of graphene oxide, we can modulate the response and thermal index of the device. These results are attributed to the variation in the density of oxygen-containing functional groups in the FSSFs, which affect the hopping charge transport and thermal generation of excess carriers. The FSSF temperature sensor yields increased responsivity (0.8%/°C), stretchability (90%), sensing resolution (0.1 °C), and stability in response to applied stretching (±0.37 °C for strains ranging from 0 to 50%). When the sensor is sewn onto a stretchable bandage and attached to the human body, it can detect the temperature changes of the human skin during different body motions in a continuous and stable manner.

Despite the great potential of polymer microfibers in human-friendly wearable electronics, most previous polymeric electronics have been limited to thin-film-based devices due to practical difficulties in fabricating microfibrillar devices, as well as defining the active channel dimensions in a reproducible manner. Herein, we report on conducting polymer microfiber-based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and their application in single-strand fiber-type wearable ion concentration sensors. We developed a simple wet-spinning process to form very conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) microfibers using aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and carefully examined their electrical/electrochemical properties. In conjunction with fabricating substrate-free PEDOT:PSS microfiber-based OECT devices, the proposed novel characterization method demonstrated that the current variation ratio can be a reliable method for evaluating the device performance for sensing ion concentrations, regardless of the actual channel dimensions. Finally, we developed single-strand fiber-type skin-mountable OECTs by introducing a source-gate hybrid electrode and demonstrated that the resultant microfiber sensors can perform real-time repetitive measurements of the ion concentration in human sweat.

Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant primary tumors, and the prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains poor. Tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered a promising anticancer agent due to its remarkable ability to selectively kill tumor cells. However, since many cancers are resistant to TRAIL, strategies to overcome resistance are required for the successful use of TRAIL in the clinic. In the present study, the potential of morusin as a TRAIL sensitizer in human glioblastoma cells was evaluated. Treatment with TRAIL or morusin alone showed weak cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma cells. However, combination treatment of TRAIL with morusin synergistically decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis compared with single treatment. Morusin induced expression of death receptor 5 (DR5), but not DR4 or decoy receptors (DcR1 and DcR2). Furthermore, morusin significantly decreased anti-apoptotic molecules survivin and XIAP. In addition, morusin reduced expression of EGFR and PDFGR as well as phosphorylation of STAT3, possibly mediating down-regulation of survivin and XIAP. Together these results suggest that morusin enhances TRAIL sensitivity in human glioblastoma cells through regulating expression of DR5 and EGFR. Therefore, the combination treatment of TRAIL and morusin may be a new therapeutic strategy for malignant glioma patients.

The Hem-o-lok clip ligation has become the preferred method for vessel ligation. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of uterine vessel ligation using the Hem-o-lok clip during total laparoscopic hysterectomy.

A familial history of ovarian cancer/breast cancer is considered a significant prognostic factor for ovarian cancer. We investigated hereditary factors by examining the incidence of synchronous malignancy in patients with endometrial cancer, and assessed the prognostic role of heredity in endometrial cancer.