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Abstract Research on flood disaster generate ideas and provoke the best solution for disaster management. This work primarily focuses research on monsoon flood due to its frequency and severity in the southern flood plain of Nepal. Here we review the previous studies on flood disaster at the regional and national level and compare with the global context. This facilitates exploring the data and methods that are mostly unexplored, and areas that have not lightened in the field of flood studies in Nepal. Our scope of literature review limited the literature that are accessed through internet. The findings are revised and compared with different contexts. Multi-criteria weighted arithmetic mean have been used to find the spatial severity of flood disaster in 2017. We found several studies carried out on flood in Nepal. They are mostly based on field-based data, except few that have used current state-of-art, remote sensing method, using satellite images. Since the multi-spectral optical satellite imageries have a high cloud effect, it is not very useful in real time flood mapping; and very limited Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) image, has been used in Nepal. In Global context, Support Vector Machine and Random Forest method are used in flood risk assessment; VNG flood V1.0 software has been used in flood forecasting, and Probabilistic Change Detection and Thresholding have widely been used in flood research, which can also be adopted in Nepalese context. Highlights • Multi-Criteria evaluation method is being used for spatial severity disaster mapping in Nepal. • Monsoon flood related studies in Nepal, their data and methods are critically analysed. • Recent remote sensing data and methods, which is very essential for effective and timely disaster management, are hardly used in flood disaster management in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Many attempts have been made in recent years to eradicate hospital infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), and to implement nursing interventions in hand hygiene, without adequate evidence of its independent effect. Aim: To investigate the effect of compliance of healthcare professionals with hand hygiene in reducing VRE colonization of children with neoplasm. Method: The compliance with hand hygiene of healthcare professionals was studied in the Haematology-Oncology Paediatric Clinic of Athens University from 1.1.2011 to 30.4.2011. A cross-sectional interventional study applied educational intervention to healthcare professionals and estimated their compliance. Systematic VRE surveillance was conducted in 91 patients, with stool culture before (1st phase) and during the educational intervention (2nd phase). The control group consisted of the VRE(+) patients, who were isolated, and intervention group the VRE(-) patients, for whom nursing educational intervention on hand hygiene was implemented. During the study period, each new VRE (+) and VRE (-) patient admitted was included in the respective control and intervention groups. The Harbarth and Pittet scale of hand hygiene was used for the assessment. The data were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 15, using t-test, and x2 test, and analysis of variance, Anova. Results: The compliance with hand hygiene was studied of all of the nurses (n=17), assistant nurses (n=5) and doctors (n=7), and in total 779 events of hand hygiene were observed. There was a clear increase in the incidence of VRE (+) patients in the control group between the first and the second phase, from 4.9% to 5.7%, while in intervention group the VRE(-) patients increased from 22.1% to 41.8% in the second phase, and no patients in the study changed from VRE(-) to VRE(+), or vice versa. The increase in the average compliance with hand hygiene from the first to the second phase followed the increasing incidence of VRE(-) patients. In the first phase, the compliance of physicians with hand hygiene was 84.4%, of nurses 68.4%, and of nurse assistants 68.5% (p=0.035), while in the second phase there was an observed increase in compliance to 85.4%, 78.9% and 80.4% (p=0.624), respectively. Conclusions: Educational infection control nursing intervention on hand hygiene led to a large increase in the compliance of healthcare professionals with hand hygiene and a significant reduction in VRE colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two recent indigenous cases of tinea capitis in children due to pale isolates of Trichophyton violaceum are reported herein for the first time from South-East Europe (Greece). Pale isolates of Trichophyton violaceum, reported in the past as Trichophyton glabrum, are thus far sporadically reported only from African or Asian countries. The cases reported herein raise the awareness of its existence in the community, assigning special importance to its accurate identification in the clinical laboratory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]