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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, I solve a puzzle generated by three conflicting claims about the relationship between faith, belief, and control: according to (1) the Identity Thesis, faith is a type of belief, and according to (2) Fideistic Voluntarism, we sometimes have control over whether or not we have faith, but according to (3) Doxastic Involuntarism, we never have control over what we believe. To solve the puzzle, I argue that the Identity Thesis is true, but that either (2) or (3) is false, depending on how we understand "control." I distinguish two notions of control: direct intention-based control and indirect reflective control. I argue that though we have direct intention-based control over neither belief nor faith, we have indirect reflective control over each of them. Moreover, indirect reflective control helps explain how we can be held accountable for each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends the argument that the irrationality of recalcitrant emotions can only be explained by understanding emotions as yielding a distinctly nonjudgmental assent. The four premises of the argument are identified, and the three controversial premises are defended against recent rejoinders. Particular attention is given to defending the argument from theorists who advocate that (nonassentist) perceptualist models either adequately explain the irrationality of recalcitrant emotions or show that recalcitrant emotions are not, in fact, irrational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most seem to presume that what is threatening about manipulation arguments is the "no difference" premise--that is, the claim that there are no responsibility-relevant differences between a manipulated agent and her merely causally determined counterpart. This presumption underlies three recent replies to manipulation arguments. These replies, however, fail to appreciate the true threat from manipulation arguments--namely, the manipulation cases that are allegedly counterexamples to the leading compatibilist conditions on moral responsibility. This paper argues that if there is a counterexample to all the leading compatibilist conditions on moral responsibility, then this is sufficient to undermine compatibilism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Transmission View of Testimony (TVT): TVT: If a speaker testifies to a hearer that p, and if the hearer is justified in believing that p on the basis of that speaker's testimony, then the hearer's belief is justified by whatever justification the speaker has for believing that p. The aim of this paper is to develop and defend a novel objection to the TVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I present a set of cases that pose problems for existing theories of promissory uptake. These cases involve (i) a delayed receipt and/or acceptance of a promise, though the obligation arises before the receipt or acceptance has taken place; (ii) a delay or absence of agency on the part of the promisee--making it impossible to satisfy the various suggested uptake criteria, though promissory obligation is nonetheless generated; and (iii) the promise is made to someone, de dicto--that is, the person who will be the promisee has not yet been filled in at the time when the obligation begins. I identify clues within each theory of promising to determine the temporal and agency-related boundaries on promissory obligation. I then introduce the backward reach of uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This history traces the roots and development of the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education (1985-2015). Taking a cross-disciplinary approach to historiography based on autobiographical reflection grounded in documentary evidence, it focuses on the people, events, and contributions of the society and the symposia out of which it grew and with which it was associated. Among the themes in this account are the American roots of the symposia, their growing internationalization and institutionalization, the founding of the Philosophy of Music Education Review and the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education, evolving symposia structures, a democratic process of governance, the mentoring of philosophers and leaders in the community, and initiatives to strengthen the philosophical preparation of doctoral students in music education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synthesis Philosophica is the property of Croatian Philosophical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have seen the rise of a new phenomenon - online ordination. It can be accepted that much of this burgeoning industry is a financial scam, but is that the whole story? The very existence of online ordination raises questions. Why do people feel the need for a "minister" to officiate at weddings? If they are sufficiently estranged from the religious sphere that no bona fide minister of religion will marry them, and if secular alternatives are readily available, why make use of this service? This article presents an overview and typology of online ordination services and places them in the context of the development of religion in contemporary society, and the development of society itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postmodern human lives in a quest condition. Poetry and philosophy, as forms that integrate, shape, and deposit the sacred, are part of the instruments used by postmoderns to fulfill their need for communication and personal accomplishment. Although they use different means to construe reality, poetry and philosophy may serve a common end goal - to disclose philosophy as the art of living. As communication practice, philosophy and poetry are based on an expanded rationality involving the rational extended to the sphere of the significance and hidden sense of existence. In other words, expanded rationality presupposes cultivating a symbolic consciousness that is adequate to the daily reality of human needs. To showcase the intimate relationship between philosophical reflection and poetic creation, I provide a short presentation of the poetry belonging to a Romanian poet, Rodica Dragomir. Her poems are an example of the quest for authenticity by means of the metaphysical stirring of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues against pluralism; mentions two normative domains of pluralism such as self-interest and morality; and discusses irreducible plurality of normative domains.

A distinction can be made between "artificial classifications" and "natural classifications," where artificial classifications may adequately serve some limited purposes, but natural classifications are overall most fruitful by allowing inference and thus many different purposes. There is strong support for the view that a natural classification should be based on a theory (and, of course, that the most fruitful theory provides the most fruitful classification). Nevertheless, atheoretical (or "descriptive") classifications are often produced. Paradoxically, atheoretical classifications may be very successful. The best example of a successful "atheoretical" classification is probably the prestigious Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) since its third edition from 1980. Based on such successes one may ask: Should the claim that classifications ideally are natural and theory-based be reconsidered? This paper argues that the seemingly success of atheoretical classifications hides deeper problems and that the ideal of theory-based classification should be maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a progic, or probabilistic logic, in the sense of Haenni et al. [8] . The progic presented here is based on Bayesianism, as the progic discussed by Williamson [15] . However, the underlying generalised Bayesianism differs from the objective Bayesianism used by Williamson, in the calibration norm, and the liberalisation and interpretation of the reference probability in the norm of equivocation. As a consequence, the updating dynamics of both Bayesianisms differ essentially. Whereas objective Bayesianism is based on a probabilistic re-evaluation, orthodox Bayesianism is based on a probabilistic revision. I formulate a generalised and iterable orthodox Bayesian revision dynamics. This allows to define an updating procedure for the generalised Bayesian progic. The paper compares the generalised Bayesian progic and Williamson's objective Bayesian progic in strength, update dynamics and with respect to language (in)sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In [39] , Imre Lakatos influentially argued that Carnapian inductive logic was a degenerate research programme. This paper argues that Lakatos's criticism was mistaken and that, according to Lakatos's own standards, Carnapian inductive logic was progressive rather than degenerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a general introduction to this special issue, what follows is a brief account of themes in the philosophical and ethical discussion of technology in China. It begins with some special perspectives on technology from ancient philosophers such as Kongzi, Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Mozi. Then it turns to the relationship between Chinese and western science and technology that grew out of the eastward spread of western culture since the end of the sixteenth century. Finally, it indicates some developments and new trends in the discussion on technology and engineering under the influence of Marxism and other western analyses since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. It concludes with a summary of the contributions being made by the articles collected in this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper will consider some interesting mereological models and, by looking into them carefully, will clarify some important metalogi- cal issues, such as definability, atomicity and decidability. More precisely, this paper will inquire into what kind of subsets can be defined in certain mereological models, what kind of axioms can guarantee that any member is composed of atoms and what kind of axioms are crucial, by regulating the models in a certain way, for an axiomatized mereological theory to be decidable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In indigenous research projects, there is a strong emphasis on interviews and the analysis of the data that results. There is, however, another form of research that still calls to be fully acknowledged. Philosophical research shares some ground with empirical because it responds to a Māori history and experience of oppression. One clear area in which it may differ, though, is in how it attempts to acknowledge the presence of 'things', which we might call our 'whanaunga' (relations), even where these have been deemed by Western science to be inanimate. More importantly, philosophical research is risky because the thing continues to influence the researching self, despite the self's eventual disengagement from the research. Philosophical research-the kind that seeks an unobtainable ground of thought-is at once aware of and tentative towards the thing. It also acts within the influence of the thing: this phenomenon for the author can be best felt when the bizarre is encountered in everyday observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PRESENT STUDY BRINGS TO THE FOREFRONT MOSHE IDEL'S BOOK, MIRCEA ELIADE, DE LA MAGIE LA MIT (MIRCEA ELIADE, FROM MAGIC TO MYTH). THE BOOK REPRESENTS AN INTROSPECTION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MOMENTS IN ELIADE'S CREATION. THE AUTHOR EMPHASIZES THE FACT THAT THERE WAS A CLOSE CONNECTION AMONG HIS PHILOSOPHICAL WORK, HIS LITERARY WORK AND HIS PERSONAL LIFE. THE BOOK ALSO SURPRISES US THROUGH LESS KNOWN ASPECTS OF ELIADE'S LIFE, HIS IMPLICATION WITH THE IRON GUARD, WHICH MOSHE IDEL ATTEMPTS AT EXPLAINING IT SCIENTIFICALLY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context is the actual field of technology. Although traditional research noticed the technological dimension of context, its approaches were mainly focused on separating context from technology? which failed to solve some problems. Actually? context is not outside technology but a basic component of technology, serving as a carrier for breeding and interpreting technology. Reality technology manifests itself with the technical-social system, and it is only in actual context that technology acquires its structure as well as functions and realizes its significance. In essence, technological reflection from the perspective of context is a specific, systematic and comprehensive study of technology, which owns a unique advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Michel Dummett published "Can an effect precede its cause?" (1954), in which he argued for the logical consistency of backwards causation, the controversial concept has turned to a subject of all kinds of interpretations and misinterpretations. Some like Ben-yami, Peijnenburg and Gorovitz have wrongly ascribed to Dummett the view that the argument for the consistency of believing in backwards causation applies only in cases where the agent doesn't know about the occurrence of the past effect. In this paper I defend Dummett's argument by clearing up the confusion caused by ascribing the ignorance condition to Dummett. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emma Borg has defined semantic minimalism as the thesis that the literal content of well-formed declarative sentences is truth-evaluable, fully determined by their lexico-syntactic features, and recoverable by language users with no need to access non-linguistic information. The task of this article is threefold. First, I shall raise a criticism to Borg's minimalism based on how speakers disambiguate homonymy. Second, I will explore some ways Borg might respond to my argument and maintain that none of them offers a conclusive reply to my case. Third, I shall suggest that in order for Borg's minimalism to best accommodate the problem discussed in this paper, it should allow for semantically incomplete content and be converted into a claim about linguistic competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The causal theory of reference (CTR) provides a well-articulated and widely-accepted account of the reference relation. On CTR the reference of a term is fixed by whatever property causally regulates the competent use of that term. CTR poses a metaethical challenge to realists by demanding an account of the properties that regulate the competent use of normative predicates. CTR might pose a challenge to ethical theorists as well. Long (2012) argues that CTR entails the falsity of any normative ethical theory. First-order theory attempts to specify what purely descriptive property is a fundamental right-making property (FRM). Long contends that the notion that the FRM causally regulates competent use of the predicate 'right' leads to a reductio. The failure of this argument is nevertheless instructive concerning a point at which ethics and metaethics overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that the following common assumption is false: that in modal-logical representations of higher-order vagueness, for there to be borderline cases to borderline cases ad infinitum, the number of possible distinct modalities in a modal system must be infinite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the existential positions of much modern European writing, Goethe and Kant in their very different styles declare themselves contentedly at home in the universe. Their secular 'Diesseitigkeit' is traced through Goethe's poetry and through key passages of Kant's thought. Contrasts and comparisons are set up with Donne, Pascal, and Montaigne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talent management (TM) has received lots of attention of academics, practitioners, researchers, scholars, and competitive firms in recent years, but there are many gaps left for further theoretical and empirical development. One of gap is lack of clarity of definition of TM, and the ongoing debate about whether it is merely repackaging of already existing human resource management (HRM) practices or a new concept. In this context, this paper concludes that TM practices are distinct from the traditional HRM practices. The authors have consolidated the existing literature on TM for designing an integrated model of TM including its antecedents and consequences. The study calls future research to empirically test the derived propositions. The paper includes various theoretical, economic, managerial, and future research implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the argument that management academics and managers benefit from being knowledgeable in Western philosophy. Salient debates in management research and education that have emerged over the last decades are first summarised. The theoretical uncertainties that these debates have highlighted are then located within a brief overview of mainstream Western philosophical traditions. Philosophical investigations into management theory help discern the origins of some of the difficulties that plague management theories, paving the way towards their clarification and resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Koers: Bulletin for Christian Scholarship is the property of Koers Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although we think that, regardless of the type of reasoning used in the construction of utterances, they acquire their scientific character at the level of the group that accept them and not at the level of the individual that develops them, we tend to support, at the of our study, the application of the inductive logic in the economic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a limitation to epistemological claims to theory building prevalent in critical realist research. While accepting the basic ontological and epistemological positions of the perspective as developed by Roy Bhaskar, it is argued that application in social science has relied on sociological concepts to explain the underlying generative mechanisms, and that in many cases this has been subject to the effects of an anthropocentric constraint. A novel contribution to critical realist research comes from the work and ideas of Gregory Bateson. This is in service of two central goals of critical realism, namely an abductive route to theory building and a commitment to interdisciplinarity. Five aspects of Bateson's epistemology are introduced: (1) difference, (2) logical levels of abstraction, (3) recursive causal loops, (4) the logic of metaphor, and (5) Bateson's theory of mind. The comparison between Bateson and Bhaskar's ideas is seen as a form of double description, illustrative of the point being raised. The paper concludes with an appeal to critical realists to start exploring the writing and outlook of Bateson himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article talks about theologian/philosopher Martin Buber's affirmation of relationship as a means for people to cooperate in seeking social change. Topics discussed include the connection between the search for self-perfection and wider social reform, the importance of connections between personal relationships and social reforms, and the value of spiritual foundations to the notion of relationships that Buber maintains.

The article talks about the condition required for an appropriate and educative response to student displays of emotion. Topic discussed include the kinds of things teachers should consider when they encounter their emotional students, how student emotional displays intrude into the realm of education, and is the need for teachers to take seriously their students' emotions and response in an educative way.

The article talks about the evolving discourse of education by highlighting the fading distinction between education and training. Topics discussed include education's value as the broader aim of becoming a human being in the fullest sense, the transformation of education as training, and students' perception of education as a commodity towards attaining a utilitarian end. Also mentioned is the decline of the value of getting an education as graduates outpaces jobs.

The article explores how evolution should be taught in American public schools. Topics discussed include the different philosophical issues linked to the place of organic evolution in American public schools, what fairness demands with respect to the curriculum, and the multifaceted nature of both evolution and creationism. Also mentioned is the need to treat contested theories the same in public schools.

The article explores the gift and burden of freedom by examining how education prompts education to abdicate freedom. Topics discussed include the pro-freedom rhetoric of education systems, the sub-man and serious man manifestations of a passivity fostered by the posture of neutrality in students, and the hyper-positionality possessed by serious and sub-man's lack of criticality and positionality.

The author offers her response to the essay "Why Aren't Philosophers and Educators Speaking to Each Other?," by René Vincente Arcilla. Topics discussed include René's concern about the difference between education as an instrumental undertaking and philosophy as a resolutely unproductive undertaking, the possibility of siding with philosophy against education, and the difference between philosophical reflection and the reified practices of education that René abhors.

The article talks about the place or position where the philosophical endeavor in education can occur. Topics discussed include the reified practices comprising the educational enterprise, the constructive relationship between philosophy and education, and education's role in producing social order governed by the principle of exchange value and exploitation. Also mentioned is the symbiosis between philosophy and education.

This paper is devoted to Bertrand Russell's criticism of Henri Bergson's philosophy. It traces out the origins of that criticism and analyzes its essence, reasons and development in Russell's works. Because of the importance of the concepts of space and time for Bergson's philosophy and, in turn, the importance of continuity and discreteness for the understanding of space and time, the central part of the analysis concerns the views of both philosophers on continuity and discreteness, including Zeno's paradoxes. The main thesis of the paper is that Russell's criticism of Bergson's philosophy comes, to a great extent, from Russell's misunderstanding of Bergson. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the course of research on the essence of meaning, different concepts appear as theoretical derivatives of the intuitive notion of meaning, depending on which of the key determinants of meaning (reference, inference, or context) dominate the respective line of study. On the basis of underlying specific philosophical aspects of alternative conceptual apparatuses gravitating to the relevant determinants, various competing and arguing philosophical schools ("-isms") emerge, e. g. referentialism, inferentialism, contextualism. While the development of the first two starts from a certain determinant and ends with corresponding "-ism", the third, contextualism, has followed another model the context itself as a general determining category is left in the background. The question is still waiting to be seriously dealt with, as to what sort of needs the non-linguistic use of the notion of context meets, and what characteristics of context, as a linguistic category, justifiably spread into other areas. Here an attempt is made to draw attention to several basic properties of context and to its potential and prospectives of functioning as a general logical and philosophical category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines and immediately discusses the so-called 'soft' impossibility, i.e., non-logical impossibility generated by modal realism. It will be shown that although in a particular case genuine modal realism, straightforwardly applied, deems impossible a proposition that other philosophers have claimed to be (intuitively) possible, there is a variety of methodologically acceptable moves available in order to avoid the problem. The impossibility at issue is the existence of island universes. Given the Lewisian analysis there are three points at which we might try to square genuine modal realism with such a controversial and problematic claim of (im)possibility, namely: a) the contraction of our pre-theoretical opinions about possibility, b) the revision of some Lewisian definitions and/or c) the extension of our ontological commitments. I shall look at each of these approaches applied to the problematic case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally speaking, philosophy is mainly about the being issue. As the primary reflection of philosophy, being is suepresents the essence in different philosophic systems. Since last century, the turn about being issue by Karl Marx with his peers Kierkegaard and Max Stirner happened; all these three thinkers focused on the corporal and emotional individual in their outstanding pieces. Differing from the other two, Karl Marx regarded the being as dynamic rather than static and there-fore his analysis lies under the context of history which conversely characters his discourse. Besides, just like Karl Marx, Hei-degger argued that Sein ( being in English) means to be with the imposed consciousness of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]