Search

Recounts the career and contributions of David L. Mills.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common debilitating injury that can cause instability of the knee. We aimed to investigate the best management strategy between reconstructive surgery and non-surgical treatment for patients with a non-acute ACL injury and persistent symptoms of instability.

The identification of the Roman Warm Period and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation by geoscientists and climate researchers over the past several decades and recognition of their role in shaping human history elsewhere have offered Southwestern archaeologists new tools for understanding how climatic changes may have contributed to the forager-to-farmer transition. Our study evaluates the possible effects of climate change and severe drought conditions across the region with respect to the Colorado Plateau, Northern Rio Grande Valley, and Tucson Basin. Each area appears to be characterized by a separate historical trajectory that would serve as the foundation for the Neolithic societies that followed.

Partnering with patients and community stakeholders to identify, design, undertake, and evaluate research is increasingly common. We describe our experience with creating and developing an ongoing Community Stakeholder Committee to guide lung health research for disease prevention and health care improvement. This committee is central to the integrated knowledge translation approach of Legacy for Airway Health, which is dedicated to preventing and improving care for lung diseases. Patient Engagement in Research (PEIR) aims to improve the relevance, quality, and implementation of research activities. Meaningful patient and community engagement in research remains challenging to enact. The committee was established in October 2019, just before the COVID-19 pandemic, and quickly adapted from in-person to virtual engagement activities. This change led to an increased focus on relationship-building and mutual support alongside other research and training activities. We conducted a baseline evaluation survey after 1 year (October 2020), using a modified version of the Patient Engagement in Research Scale (PEIRS-22). Whereas individual scores suggested varied levels of meaningful engagement within the committee, overall results indicated strong personal relationships and a sense of feeling valued and respected, as well as a desire for increased opportunities to contribute to research within the program. Overall, this experience offers lessons learned about the importance of spending time and effort to build relationships, particularly in a virtual context, and shows that meaningful engagement can be achieved even when personal contact is limited. These efforts are illustrated in successful grant applications, research involvement, and stronger personal relationships.

The article announces the joining of Connie Reimers-Hild, as chief futurist at Wild Innovation, Erica Orange, as chief operating officer of The Future Hunters, and Art Guzzetti, as Vice president for mobility initiatives and policy for the American Public Transportation Association.

Short sequences of DNA immobilized on gold surfaces can be used to capture an array of target molecules because of their high level of specificity. Depending on the nature of the target molecules, the proper density and distribution of the immobilized DNA molecules are fundamental to the quality of the sensor. With the aim to control the packing density and minimize the heterogeneity of the surfaces, DNA–dendron conjugate molecules were synthesized in solution and used to make self-assembled monolayers of single-stranded DNA surfaces on gold. The headgroups used were polyamido amine dendrons (cleaved cystamine core dendrimers) of generations two through five. The structural composition of these self-assembled monolayers was characterized using grazing angle Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Surface plasmon resonance was used to measure surface densities of the probe monolayers and each monolayer’s ability to capture fully complementary DNA strands from solution. The surface density of the probe monolayers was found to decrease with increasing dendron generation number, while the hybridization efficiency increased with increasing dendron generation number.

•We examined wood charcoals from flotation samples recovered from archaeological sites in the Tucson Basin that spanned the interval 2,100BCE to A.D. 500. This interval saw a process of “settling in” around the Tucson Basin with cultivated fields on the Santa Cruz River floodplain and seasonal hamlets nearby. Despite semi-sedentary occupations and a high degree of dependence on wild plants (supplemented by the cultivation of low yield maize popcorn) for the first 2,000 years, occupations near the floodplain were intense enough to deplete local saltbush populations. The replacement of saltbush with mesquite in fuelwood consumption promoted corporate ownership of mesquite groves in order to maintain sustainable sources of fuel.

This paper reads Jonathan Glazer's Under the Skinas a meditation on how sf represents and responds to difference, particularly issues of ethnic difference. It argues that the film avoids the easy platitude that we are "all the same under the skin" and confronts us instead with the much more challenging prospect of creating empathy across irreconcilable difference. The film explores this prospect largely through its alienating soundscape and innovative use of camera angles, which enable the viewer to experience the world filmed from the alien's point of view, but it does not anthropomorphize the alien to convey this effect. Although Under the Skinends on a pessimistic note with the violent and fearful destruction of difference, more hopeful visions are offered in John Akomfrah's films Last Angel of History and The Nine Muses.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including Ahmed Towfik's novel "Utopia," Ursula Le Guin's short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Ornelas," and author William Gibson.

The article discusses the potential growth of the bowling market in China and the possibility of the sport's elevation to Olympic Games status. Topics discussed include some factors that hinder the growth of the bowling market in China and businessman Ningbo Zhao's bringing of some members of his PBA Pioneer League program to the GEICO PBA World Series of Bowling in Las Vegas, Nevada.

This essay explores the ways that sf and human-animal studies (HAS) intersect and converge. It explores the potential for sf to prompt new thinking about the relations among humans and other species, focusing on the recently rebooted Planet o f the Apes film franchise (2011-) and Karen Joy Fowler's We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves (2013). It argues that in the context of neoliberal biopolitics, it is imperative to begin rethinking questions of life, politics and social justice within a posthuman understanding of species difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis are prone to problems, ultimately leading to failure of the fistulae. Our aim was to determine the site and time to first stenosis and time to and factors influencing AVF failure for radio-cephalic (RC), brachio-cephalic (BC), and transposed brachio-basilic (BB) AVF.Methods Retrospective analysis of native AVF constructed within a single vascular unit between January 2002–December 2008. Patients followed up to the end points of death, AVF failure or end of study period. Data collected included: age, sex, AVF type, time and site of first stenosis and time to failure. The relationship between fistula type, stenosis, and failure were examined.Results In total, 398 native AVF were included in the study (91 RC, 208 BC, and 99 BB), with a mean age of 66 years. A total of 215 (54%) AVF developed a flow limiting stenosis, and over time 151 (40%) AVF failed. Stenoses developed significantly earlier in RC AVF (median 113 days) compared to BC (median 277 days), compared to BB (median days 414), P=.029. There was no statistically significant difference in time to failure (RC median 1344 days; BC median 1576 days; BB median 1159 days), P=.673. The presence of stenosis was the only variable found to have a significant impact on AVF failure in multivariate analysis.Conclusions Type of upper limb fistula did not impact on failure rates. Flow limiting stenoses impacted on fistula failure.

The article discusses the bowling career of the late U.S. bowler Donald James Carter. According to the author, Carter had a more profound impact on tenpin bowling than any other bowler. His influence as a businessman is said to have led to the establishment of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA). He obtained 11 major bowling titles in his lifetime. He was named Bowling Writers Association of American Bowler of the Year six times. He was one of the first members of the Budweiser team.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in August 2008 issues including "A Force Remade by War," "PACAF Between War and Peace," and "Travail of the Tanker."

VINT, P. F., S. P. MCLEAN, and G. M. HARRON. Electromechanical delay in isometric actions initiated from nonresting levels. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 33, No. 6, 2001, pp. 978–983.

Historical fire and climate records from the Arizona Upland portion of the Tonto National Forest were used to test the hypothesis that fires burn larger areas in the Sonoran Desert after two wet winters than after one. We found that many more hectares burn in years following two winters that are wetter than normal, than during any other years. We agree with other ecologists, that desert fire occurrence is probably related to increased production of winter annual plants, and we suggest ways that the relationship may be clarified.

A retrospective analysis of our experience with estrogen and fluoride treatment in 91 patients with postmenopausal osteopenia followed for 6–47 months has been performed. Treatment included calcium (1000 mg/day) and either conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) or sodium fluoride (50 mg/day), or both. All patients had at least two serial dual‐photon spinal bone mineral density measurements performed 6 months or more apart. Estrogen treatment was associated with increased bone mineral density (5.3%/year), as was fluoride alone (7.5%/year). Estrogen and fluoride together were additive (9.6%/year). In women over age 65 the estrogen effect was just as great (6.9%/year) as in younger women. Estrogen benefit occurred predominantly in the first 18 months of treatment (7.0%/year), after which time changes in bone mineral density were similar to those in untreated controls, who showed stable bone mineral density. We conclude that aggressive estrogen and fluoride treatment tailored to the severity of the individual's postmenopausal osteopenia results in short‐term improvement in spinal bone mineral density. These data further support that elderly women respond to estrogen replacement therapy with absolute and relative increments in bone density similar to those in younger women.

The work of the late Michel Foucault had a considerable impact on philosophy and sociology but despite its importance for economic thought, it has gone almost unnoted by orthodox economists and historians of economics. This paper reviews Foucault’s Archaeological approach to knowledge and the periodization of intellectual history which he advocates. These issues are considered with reference to the history of economics from the Scholastics to Marx, and a number of problems with the analysis are discussed and critically evaluated.

We have previously demonstrated that auranofin, at nanomolar concentrations, enhances T cell activation, as measured by IL-2 release and Tac expression. However, it is not clear how enhanced T cell activation might be related to therapeutic value, since rheumatoid arthritis is widely believed to be associated with overactivation of the immune response. In this study, we show that the action of auranofin on T cell activation is dramatically influenced by the glutathione levels of the responding cells. Under conditions of very low intracellular glutathione where the synthesis of glutathione is blocked, the action of auranofin is converted from enhancement to a profound inhibition of T cell activation. Since glutathione levels in rheumatoid arthritis are known to be abnormally low, these results may explain how auranofin can act to suppress the immunological processes leading to rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, this study further demonstrated the close link which exists between auranofin action and glutathione metabolism in lymphocytes.

There has been a number of attempts to interpret John Stuart Mill’s recantation from the Wages Fund doctrine in 1869. This article attempts to analyze the recantation using a framework which takes account of the development and decline of the wages fund doctrine as a whole. The framework is based on the work of Imre Lakatos and the article aims to rationally reconstruct the history of Mill’s recantation. It is argued that while external events were responsible for focusing attention on trades union matters in the 1860s Mill’s recantation and the aftermath can be accounted for in terms of theoretical weaknesses with the doctrine and its failure to make theoretical progress.

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the results of empirical tests of the relationship between culture and accounting disclosures in an international context. Using a comprehensive data base of disclosure practices covering 27 countries, and applying linear regression analysis, the results support the hypothesis proposed by Gray (1988) that secrecy and its impact on disclosure behaviour is a function of the cultural (societal) values identified by Hofstede (1980). However, it was found that this relationship was more significant in respect of the values of “uncertainty avoidance” and “individualism” as compared to those of “power distance” and “masculinity”.

Auranofin, 30–300 nM causes a concentration-dependent potentiation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture. At concentrations of auranofin between 1 and 3 μM, PHA-stimulated IL-2 release was inhibited, and the drug is cytotoxic at these concentrations.

'Endpoint error' describes the erratic behavior at the beginning and end of the computed acceleration data which is commonly observed after smoothing and differentiating raw displacement data. To evaluate endpoint error produced by four popular smoothing and differentiating techniques, Lanshammar's (1982, J. Biomechanics15, 99-105) modification of the Pezzack et al. (1977, J. Biomechanics, 10, 377-382) raw angular displacement data set was truncated at three different locations corresponding to the major peaks in the criterion acceleration curve. Also, for each data subset, three padding conditions were applied. Each data subset was smoothed and differentiated using the Butterworth digital filter, cubic spline, quintic spline, and Fourier series to obtain acceleration values. RMS residual errors were calculated between the computed and criterion accelerations in the endpoint regions. Although no method completely eliminated endpoint error, the results demonstrated clear superiority of the quintic spline over the other three methods in producing accurate acceleration values close to the endpoints of the modified Pezzack et al. (1977) data set. In fact, the quintic spline performed best with non-padded data (cumulative error=48.0 rad s^-^2). Conversely, when applied to non-padded data, the Butterworth digital filter produced wildly deviating values beginning more than the 10 points from the terminal data point (cumulative error=226.6 rad s^-^2). Each of the four methods performed better when applied to data subsets padded by linear extrapolation (average cumulative error=68.8 rad s^-^2) than when applied to analogous subsets padded by reflection (average cumulative error=86.1 rad s^-^2).

Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum are a commonly recognized form of stress fracture typically occurring in elderly patients. As such patients usually present with low back pain, MR imaging is often performed initially as a means of evaluation. We present 5 patients with sacral insufficiency fractures imaged with MR. Metastatic disease was a leading clinical suspicion as all patients were elderly and three had known primary neoplasms. T1-weighted sequences demonstrated bands of decreased signal intensity, usually paralleling the sacral aspect of the sacroiliac joints and occasionally occurring as a horizontal band across the sacral body. Four of five patients underwent further evaluation with computed tomography (CT) or nuclear bone scanning, which confirmed the diagnosis of sacral insufficiency fracture. We conclude that MRI is sensitive but not specific in detecting sacral insufficiency fractures. As MR imaging is rapidly becoming the method of choice for evaluating back pain, it is important to consider this diagnosis in elderly persons.

The article features the yard art of Chris Barbee in Oklahoma which is made up of used bowling balls. Following the death of his wife Carol who used bowling balls to border her flower bed, Chris decided to make use of the balls as a tribute to his late wife, starting with a bowling ball flower bed border and a bowling ball fence. As people continue to donate balls, Chris just kept building. Information is provided on some of his works of art using bowling balls.