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Neurodevelopmental disorder with neonatal respiratory insufficiency, hypotonia, and feeding difficulties (NEDRIHF) is a very rarely reported disease. The disease is due to microdeletions in the PURA gene on chromosome 5q31. It is one of the rare causes of central hypotonia in neonates causing parental concern and anxiety. We report one such rarely diagnosed case of NEDRIHF-PURA (purine-richelement-binding protein A) syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objectives: Admission into dental school involves selecting applicants for successful completion of the course. This study aimed to predict the academic performance of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia pre‐clinical dental students based on admission results using artificial intelligence machine learning (ML) models, and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Methods: ML algorithms logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) models were applied. Academic performance prediction in pre‐clinical years was made using three input parameters: age during admission, pre‐university Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), and total matriculation semester. PCC was deployed to identify the correlation between pre‐university CGPA and dental school grades. The proposed models' classification accuracy ranged from 29% to 57%, ranked from highest to lowest as follows: RF, SVM, DT, and LR. Pre‐university CGPA was shown to be predictive of dental students' academic performance; however, alone they did not yield optimal outcomes. RF was the most precise algorithm for predicting grades A, B, and C, followed by LR, DT, and SVM. In forecasting failure, LR predicted three grades with the highest recall, SVM predicted two grades, and DT predicted one. RF performance was insignificant. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the application of ML algorithms and PCC to predict dental students' academic performance. However, it was limited by several factors. Each algorithm has unique performance qualities, and trade‐offs between different performance metrics may be necessary. No definitive model stood out as the best algorithm for predicting student academic success in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the pressing need for urban sustainability, we propose an innovative framework for quantifying and rewarding pro-environmental behaviors among urban residents. The methodology integrates three key dimensions: individual engagement, community values, and environmental impact. Individual effort is measured using the metabolic equivalent of task rates, which capture the energy expenditure for pro-environmental actions. Community values are prioritized by allocating weights based on their local importance, established by stakeholder engagement. A comprehensive literature review is used to evaluate the specific ecological benefits of each activity, ensuring that their contributions to sustainability are measured. Focusing on Gdańsk, Poland, as a case study, a diverse set of pro-environmental actions with local importance was carefully selected and evaluated. Stakeholder input enabled objective ranking and weighting, ensuring that actions were significant and impactful. This systematic approach determines rewards, aligning them with individual effort, community goals, and environmental benefits, demonstrating the framework's adaptability to various urban settings. The findings suggest that the framework may be effectively used in future endeavors to encourage meaningful, long-term pro-environmental behaviors. It provides a scalable solution to urban sustainability issues through tailored incentive strategies. Finally, by balancing individual efforts and environmental benefits, this study establishes a blueprint for policies that foster a globally active and environmentally mindful community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of humpback whale populations faces ongoing challenges, including human-induced mortality, despite the ban on commercial whaling. Recent advancements in high-resolution satellite imagery offer promise for estimating whale populations, particularly in remote and inaccessible regions. However, significant research gaps persist, necessitating innovative approaches for effective monitoring and conservation efforts. This paper presents a novel methodology that integrates high- resolution satellite imagery with state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to monitor and conserve humpback whale populations, with a focus on the Indian Ocean region. Specifically, application of cutting-edge deep learning models such as YOLO for object detection and EfficientNet for classification to automate the detection, classification, and tracking of humpback whales in satellite images is explored. By leveraging deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the proposed ensemble system offers a robust and generalizable approach for automatically detecting, classifying, and tracking whales in space-borne satellite imagery, thereby addressing the challenge of uncertain whale populations in the world's oceans. The results demonstrate promising accuracy and performance metrics: the Segment Anything Model(SAM) achieves an accuracy of 89.2%, YOLO achieves an accuracy of 99.2%, EfficientNet achieves an accuracy of 99% across various tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO) is a common cause of hydronephrosis (HDN) in children. While ultrasonography (USG) is useful for initial assessment and grading of hydronephrosis, it cannot differentiate obstructive from non-obstructive cases. Renal Dynamic Scintigraphy (RDS) confirms the diagnosis but involves ionizing radiation exposure. Ureteric jets using colour Doppler USG have been proposed for diagnosing obstructive HDN. Our study aimed to evaluate Ureteric Jet Frequency (UJF) and Relative Jet Frequency (RJF) in unilateral PUJO before and after furosemide (Lasix) administration, assessing their diagnostic and post-operative utility. Children (<14 years) with unilateral HDN underwent USG and RDS for PUJO diagnosis. Pyeloplasty was performed based on standard criteria. UJF and RJF were assessed before and after furosemide administration (0.5 mg/kg) by colour Doppler USG. The non-obstructed side was taken as the control. Follow-up included repeat RDS and ureteric jet assessment. Fifty-two cases were included. UJF (pre- and post-Lasix) was significantly lower in the obstructed side compared to the non-obstructed side at baseline and post-pyeloplasty (p < 0.0001). However, the baseline UJF difference between cases and controls was not significant (p > 0.05). UJF and RJF (pre- and post-Lasix) increased postoperatively. The UJF difference decreased postoperatively (p < 0.05). (attached Table) UJF and RJF are useful for diagnosing and monitoring unilateral PUJO. The effect of furosemide on UJF needs to be assessed using additional studies with larger sample sizes to understand if it can affect UJF in a way similar to that noted in diuretic scintigraphy. Summary table Comparison of change in Ureteric Jet Frequency (UJF) and Relative Jet Frequency (RJF) values at baseline and 6 months after pyeloplasty. Summary table Parameter Pre-operative Post-operative p-value UJF pre-Lasix 0 (0–3) 1 (0–3) <0.0001 UJF post-Lasix 0.5 (0–5) 2 (0–4) <0.0001 UJF difference 1 (-3 to 4) 0.5 (0–3) 0.0125 RJF pre-Lasix 0 (0–1) 0.33 (0–0.71) <0.0001 RJF post-Lasix 0.33 (0–1) 0.38 (0–0.7) 0.0015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the dynamical behaviors, experimental validation using a microcontroller technique, and control strategies for complex and coexisting behaviors in a nonsmooth-air-gap brushless direct current motor under the influence of temperature (NAGBDCMT). Steady-state analysis reveals three steady states with unstable branches in the three considered planes. The NAGBDCMT exhibits diverse dynamical structures, including bistable regular and chaotic domains, monostable attractors, periodic and continuous spiking, coexisting chaotic and regular spiking behaviors, various complex characteristics, and coexistence between continuous spiking oscillations and chaotic characteristics. These dynamical structures are corroborated by an ATMEGA2560 microcontroller realization scheme. Control of the complex characteristics and coexisting attractors in the NAGBDCMT is achieved using two configured single controllers and a linear augmentation control scheme, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Optic disc edema is a feature of many ophthalmic and neurologic conditions. It remains an underappreciated feature of birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR), leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of our study was to identify clinical features that are concomitant with optic disc edema and suggest a diagnosis of BSCR. Methods: Retrospective multicenter case series of 29 patients who were referred to a neuro-ophthalmologist or uveitis specialist for evaluation of disc edema and were ultimately diagnosed with BSCR. Results: Fifty-four eyes of 30 patients, from the practices of 15 uveitis specialists, met the eligibility criteria. In addition to disc edema, concomitant features in all patients included vitritis, chorioretinal lesions, and retinal vasculitis. Visual recovery to 20/40 or better occurred in 26 of 29 patients. Visual acuity remained 20/100 or worse in 2 patients previously diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 1 patient previously diagnosed with optic neuritis, and 1 patient for whom treatment was delayed for years, leading to optic disc atrophy. Conclusions: Optic disc edema is a presenting feature in some cases of BSCR. A diagnosis of BSCR should be considered when disc edema occurs with vitritis, chorioretinal inflammation, and retinal vasculitis. Patients should be referred to a uveitis specialist for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Many countries in the world recognize that the development of small businesses is an indicator that describes the progress of a country's economic strength. This has attracted the attention of various parties, including academic researchers and publishers, to provide information space that can be accessed and studied by parties through study results published in various journals and publishers indexed by international reputation. The aim of this paper is to map the attention trends of indexed authors and publishers Scopus on small and medium enterprises and Sharia Financial Literacy which began to appear from 2010 to 2022. The research method was carried out by systematic scientific mapping, or Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). We developed database analysis using VOSviewer software, complemented by a literature review. A total of 49 articles obtained from Scopus were related to the topics "financial literacy" and "small and medium enterprise". They are classified based on Trends in Financial Literacy Publications in Small and Medium Enterprises; 2 Authors and Publishers; 3. Map of Relationships between Authors (co-authorship; 4. Map of the number of authorships between countries; 5. Collaborative Relationships between countries. The results of this mapping provide an overview of: 1) Financial literacy publications on MSMEs only appeared in 2010 and experienced a significant upward trend in 2022. 2) The most productive authors come from China and Indonesia, where there are two authors each producing three articles. 3) Co-authorship has not been established either between authors in each country, or between countries. 4) China and Indonesia contributed the most financial literacy publications to small to medium enterprises compared to other countries, with a total of 8 articles published each. The research contribution provides developments in research trends regarding the development of small and medium enterprises from the perspective of the development of financial literacy across countries and authors in the world, according to indexed databases Scopus. This article provides an overview of which countries and authors are concerned and collaborate with each other on the topic of financial literacy in small to medium enterprises. Trends in the use of variables based on financial literacy with various variations in the development of financial literacy keywords related to small and medium enterprises, policy and strategy implications for improving the performance of small and medium enterprises in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) have emerged as a potential solution to address the limitations of cooperatives. This study was conducted in Kerala, India, and 25 percent of the FPCs established on or before 31/03/2020 were selected as the sample. A simple percentage analysis was employed to evaluate the general profile of the FPCs. The findings indicated that FPCs are dominated by small and marginal farmers (98.92 percent) and, on average, the share capital of NABARD-promoted and CDB-promoted FPCs were Rs.19.62 lakhs and Rs. 218.88 lakhs respectively. FPCs perform multiple functions starting from marketing, processing, value addition, storage, drying, input shop, consultancy services, credit and insurance support, agency for government procurement, agro-service centers, and labor banks and exports. Consequently, FPCs address nearly all the requirements of farmers in the value chain from providing timely inputs at reasonable rates to facilitating the product's journey to the final consumers. Despite certain limitations, such as poor resource base, lack of linkages, and inadequate management, with appropriate guidance and sufficient support in terms of finance, technical, and managerial resources, FPCs have the potential to thrive and become a promising avenue for small and marginal farmers in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of periodontal diseases has multifactorial causes including genetic factors. Limited investigations have been conducted to explore the association between ABO blood groups and the development and progression of periodontal diseases. To evaluate and assess the association of ABO Phenotype and Rhesus factor with oral hygiene status, severity of chronic periodontitis and blood parameters like hemoglobin level and Platelet count in localized and generalized chronic periodontitis. Study was carried out on 100 patients, out of which 80 patients of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis and 20 patients of Localized Chronic Periodontitis. Patients were categorized into Mild, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A highly significant association was found between severity of periodontitis and blood groups with blood group B and O were found to be at a greater risk to develop moderate to severe form of chronic periodontitis. Also subjects with blood group B and O showed worst oral hygiene among all the blood groups. Also patients suffering from chronic periodontitis showed a general trend towards lower limit of both hemoglobin level and platelet. Genetic factors such as ABO blood group antigens may act as a risk influencer that plays a role in progression and severity of the chronic periodontitis, with blood group B and O being worst affected. Another observation was that a long standing case of chronic periodontitis can lead to anemia thus having systemic implications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Noninfectious (inflammatory) cutaneous granulomatous disorders include cutaneous sarcoidosis (CS), granuloma annulare (GA), necrobiosis lipoidica (NL), and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG). These disorders share macrophage-predominant inflammation histologically, but the inflammatory architecture and the pattern of extracellular matrix alteration varies. The underlying molecular explanations for these differences remain unclear. We sought to understand spatial gene expression characteristics in these disorders. We performed spatial transcriptomics in cases of CS, GA, NL, and NXG to compare patterns of immune activation and other molecular features in a spatially resolved fashion. CS is characterized by a polarized, spatially organized type 1-predominant response with classical macrophage activation. GA is characterized by a mixed but spatially organized pattern of type 1 and type 2 polarization with both classical and alternative macrophage activation. NL showed concomitant activation of type 1, type 2, and type 3 immunity with a mixed pattern of macrophage activation. Activation of type 1 immunity was shared among, CS, GA, and NL and included upregulation of IL-32. NXG showed upregulation of CXCR4-CXCL12/14 chemokine signaling and exaggerated alternative macrophage polarization. Histologic alteration of extracellular matrix correlated with hypoxia and glycolysis programs and type 2 immune activation. Inflammatory cutaneous granulomatous disorders show distinct and spatially organized immune activation that correlate with hallmark histologic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]