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Sister Simone Roach, a noted philosopher of caring in nursing, left behind a significant body of theoretical and practical work highlighting the areas of nursing ethics, care/caring, and compassion. This article explores the integration of the moral foundation of agape love in Pauline theology and Roach's human caring in nursing (1992) as the action of agape love. A narrative literature review explores the relationship between the scriptural ethics of St. Paul (Pauline ethics) and Roach's caring in nursing.

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Thiazole, as a family of five-membered heteroaromatic rings, is an interesting building unit that can play a role in coplanarizing the backbone as well as deepening the HOMO energy level, which is beneficial for the design of π-conjugated polymers for the photoactive materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, we designed and synthesized π-conjugated polymers with simple chemical structures, which consist of 2,2′-bithiazole or 5,5′-bithiazole and alkylthiophenes as the polymer backbone. In fact, the polymers can be easily synthesized in much fewer steps compared to the typical high-performance polymers based on fused heteroaromatic rings. Interestingly, PTN5exhibited a markedly higher ordered structure than PTN2. This was likely ascribed to the more coplanar and rigid backbone of PTN5than that of PTN2originating in the effectively arranged S···N interaction. As a result, the nonfullerene photovoltaic cell based on PTN5showed a PCE of 12.2%, which was much higher than the cell based on PTN2(4.3%) and was high for the polymers consisting of only nonfused rings. These results demonstrate that thiazole-based polymers are promising photoactive materials for OPVs and emphasize the importance of careful molecular design utilizing noncovalent interactions.

Electrical properties arising from doped conducting polymers offer various applications in organic electronics. Recently, sequential chemical doping of semiconducting polymers has attracted attention owing to its capability of being a full solution process, controllable doping level, high electrical properties, and obtaining crystalline conducting polymers. Although the sequentially doped conducting polymers are promising for high electrical conductivities and solid-state physics studies, they show issues of ambient stability due to competitive dedoping. Taking redox reactions with adsorbed water molecules into account as the major dedoping mechanism in p-doped conducting polymers, the fine-tuning of energy levels is a way to improve the ambient stability. In this work, we synthesized two poly(2,5-bis(thiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) regioisomers functionalized with alkoxy side chains to lower the ionization potential by the electron-donating alkoxy groups. After sequential p-doping, the two isomers demonstrated high crystallinities and electrical conductivities on the order of 1 × 102S cm–1in air. In addition, the p-doped alkoxy isomers exhibited ionization potentials smaller than the alkyl analogue by ∼0.1 eV, which led to a competition with the redox potential of water. As a result, the stability was remarkably improved, particularly under a high-humidity condition. Therefore, the alkoxy sidechains are promising as a molecular design strategy for conducting polymers with excellent ambient stability.

Dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTCs) have been widely used all over the world. Some of them show toxicities, such as growth toxicity and teratogenicity. Therefore, the analysis of DTCs in environments or crops is very significant. However, their direct and individual analysis was difficult, because most of them are metal complex compounds and have macromolecular properties and a low solubility in water or organic solvents. In the conventional analytical methods for DTCs, the total amount of DTCs was obtained by the quantification of the derivatives of the ligand or by measuring the carbon disulfide formed by the decomposition of the fungicides. Surface assisted laser desorption (SALDI)/MS can detect various compounds, such as metal complexes and macromolecules, present in a nanostructured substrate. The porous titanium carbide (TiC) ceramic powder shows adsorptive properties to various substances and can be used as a substrate for SALDI/MS. In this study, a method for the individual and direct detection of dithiocarbamate pesticides by SALDI/MS using porous TiC ceramics as a substrate has been developed. The dithiocarbamate fungicide was mixed with the porous TiC powder in a mortar, and the mixture was analyzed by SALDI/MS. The deprotonated ion of the ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate complex, mancozeb or zineb, was detected in the negative ion mode. For the dimethyldithiocarbamate complexes, ferbam and ziram, the ion of the eliminated dithiocarbamate ligand was detected in the positive ion mode. Calibration curves by the present method for Manzeb showed good linearity by using an internal standard material. Based on these results, we concluded that this method is useful for the analysis of DTCs.

The use of noncovalent intramolecular interactions constitutes a powerful design strategy for preparing π-conjugated polymers featuring high backbone coplanarities and thereby high crystallinities. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of an alkoxythiophene-flanked benzobisthiazole (BBTz) as a new building unit for π-conjugated polymers, which was subsequently copolymerized to give a simple BBTz-bithiophene copolymer with alkyl and alkoxy groups (PDBTz2). Owing to the S···O noncovalent intramolecular interactions between the alkoxy oxygens and thiazole sulfurs in BBTz, PDBTz2showed greater coplanarity and crystallinity than its alkyl counterpart, PDBTz1. Interestingly, the backbone orientation was completely altered from the edge-on orientation observed for PDBTz1to a face-on orientation for PDBTz2, which is preferable for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In addition, the electron-donating nature of the alkoxy group increased the HOMO energy level of PDBTz2compared to that of PDBTz1, which enabled photoinduced hole transfer from a nonfullerene acceptor, Y6, to the polymer. As a result, the short-circuit current density of an organic photovoltaic cell based on PDBTz2and Y6 was significantly greater than that of a cell based on PDBTz1and Y6. This study confirmed that alkoxythiophene-flanked BBTz is a promising building unit for high-performance π-conjugated polymers.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is caused by combined genetic and environmental factors. Genetic heritability in ASD is estimated as 60–90%, and genetic investigations have revealed many monogenic factors. We analyzed 405 patients with ASD using family-based exome sequencing to detect disease-causing single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and copy number variations (CNVs) for molecular diagnoses. All candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were evaluated using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines for molecular diagnosis. We identified 55 disease-causing SNVs/indels in 53 affected individuals and 13 disease-causing CNVs in 13 affected individuals, achieving a molecular diagnosis in 66 of 405 affected individuals (16.3%). Among the 55 disease-causing SNVs/indels, 51 occurred de novo, 2 were compound heterozygous (in one patient), and 2 were X-linked hemizygous variants inherited from unaffected mothers. The molecular diagnosis rate in females was significantly higher than that in males. We analyzed affected sibling cases of 24 quads and 2 quintets, but only one pair of siblings shared an identical pathogenic variant. Notably, there was a higher molecular diagnostic rate in simplex cases than in multiplex families. Our simulation indicated that the diagnostic yield is increasing by 0.63% (range 0–2.5%) per year. Based on our simple simulation, diagnostic yield is improving over time. Thus, periodical reevaluation of ES data should be strongly encouraged in undiagnosed ASD patients.

Long-term energy and peak power forecast are essential tasks for the effective planning of power systems. Utilities often conduct long-term energy consumption and peak power demand forecasting separately through different forecasting frameworks, resulting in high complexities. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a complete long-term forecasting model using an eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm with different sequential configurations. Firstly, it contributes to establish a 1-3 years ahead monthly energy consumption forecasting model, considering some external drivers such as macro-economic and climatic conditions. Based on the nature of energy consumption profile, a multi-input multi-output sequential strategy is applied. Then, the forecasted energy consumption forms an influencing input of a multivariate 1-3 years ahead monthly peak power demand forecast model. A hybrid direct-recursive sequential configuration is adopted to handle the highly fluctuating nature of peak power demand. By forecasting peak power demand using the information of forecasted energy consumption, better forecasting accuracy was obtained. The validity of the proposed long-term forecasting model was tested using the data from New South Wales (NSW) power network. The results were compared with several state-of-the-art long-term forecast models to show its superiority.

Long-term load forecasting (LTLF) models play an important role in the strategic planning of power systems around the globe. Obtaining correct decisions on power network expansions or restrictions based on predictions help substantially reduce the power grid infrastructure costs. The classical approach of LTLF is limited to the usage of artificial neural networks (ANN) or regression-based approaches along with a large set of historical electricity load, weather, economy and population data. Considering the drawbacks of classical methods, this article introduces a novel sequence to sequence hybrid convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model to forecast the monthly peak load for a time horizon of three years. These drawbacks include, lack of sensitivity to changing trends over long time horizons, difficulty of fitting large number of variables and complex relationships, etc. (Velicer and Plummer, 1998). Forecasting time interval plays a key role in LTLF. Therefore, using monthly peak load avoids unnecessary complications while providing all essential information for a good long-term strategical planning. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the load data of “New South Wales (NSW)”, Australia. The numerical results show that, proposed method has achieved higher prediction accuracy compared to the existing work on long-term load forecasting.

By illuminating matter with bright and intense light, researchers gain insights into material composition and properties. In the regime of extremely short wavelengths, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with exceptional peak brilliance have unveiled crucial details about the structures, dynamics and physics of various materials. Although X-ray focusing optics to enhance the intensity have progressed, achieving a single-nanometre focal spot that fully exploits the source performance remains elusive. Aberrations arising from reflective optical schemes noticeably degrade the focal spot, even in the presence of inevitably slight angular transition and pointing errors. Here we present an approach that directly forms a source image in an extremely small focal spot, achieving 7 nm focusing, in both transverse dimensions, of 9.1 keV XFELs with the extremely high intensity of 1.45 × 1022W cm−2. This was made possible by a scheme combining concave and convex X-ray mirrors with suppressed aberrations and high angular tolerances. The attained highly intense X-rays, surpassing the previous intensity by a hundred-fold, induced the vigorous ionization of chromium, suggesting the creation of solid-density heavy bare atomic nuclei. Our results, which demonstrate the realization of stable ultraintense XFEL beams by forming demagnified source images, hold immediate significance to a wide range of research fields, including atomic, molecular and optical physics and high-energy-density sciences.

Thermal airway injuries, usually accompanied by facial burns, require emergency management. We encountered a pediatric case of a late airway-scalding injury without any initial signs of scalding on the face or inside the oral cavity. A 16-month-old boy was accidentally exposed to boiling water from overhead and developed tachypnea and dyspnea at 8 h after the injury. When he visited our hospital at 12 h after the injury, there were no scalding-related findings on his face or inside his oral cavity; however, severe laryngeal edema was observed, which required emergency intubation. Thermal airway injuries can occur later, even if there is no evidence of facial or oral scalding immediately after the injury. Airway injuries should be considered when a patient has been exposed to hot water from overhead.

Japan's universal health insurance covers a wide range of dental treatments, and the co-payment rates differ by age. We investigated whether the inequality in gingival bleeding and dental visits was smaller amongst those with lower co-payment rates.

Herein, a partially miscible interpenetrating polymer network comprising rubber (acrylic rubber, ACM) and a semicrystalline polymer [poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF] with chemical and intercrystalline crosslinks was prepared at a low PVDF content. Further, its miscibility, hierarchical structure, and thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The appearance of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase separation above the melting point of PVDF (Tm) indicated that the blend rubber was miscible in the melt state below the LCST-type phase separation temperature. In addition, although atomic force microscopy images showed that some ACM formed phase-separated domains within the spherulite due to exclusion coupled with a liquid/liquid phase separation below the Tm, a combination of dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and various scattering measurements revealed that the other ACM was trapped in the interlamellar amorphous region of PVDF with partial miscibility. The blend rubber was simultaneously stiffened, strengthened, and toughened by blending with PVDF and further via crosslinking. The in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements during stretching revealed that the crystallinity decreased with increasing PVDF content and further with crosslinking, without the strain-induced crystallization of ACM. This correlation suggested that the local break of the crystalline lamella dissipated the concentrated stress, affording a high strain at break, which in turn led to a high tensile strength due to the stretch of ACM and thus a high toughness.

Aluminum alloys are increasingly being applied to automobile bodies to reduce the weight of automobiles. In joining steel materials and aluminum alloys using resistance spot welding(RSW), it is important to control the state of intermetallic compounds due to the temperature at the joining interface. In other words, in RSW of Fe/Al dissimilar materials, it is necessary to clarify the heating and cooling phenomena of the interface temperature during joining. Although the convection behavior of the molten aluminum alloy is thought to influence the temperature distribution at the joining interface, there are no studies that have directly observed this phenomenon. In this study, convection in molten zone of aluminum alloy during RSW of steel and aluminum alloy is discussed. Direct observations were attempted in order to clarify the convection behavior of the molten aluminum alloy in RSW of steel and aluminum alloy. The main feature of this experiment is that a real-scale test piece and an RSW apparatus used in actual production were used to observe convection during actual production. The observation experiments were conducted using synchrotron radiation X-ray at SPring-8. During welding, the specimens were irradiated with synchrotron radiation X-ray, and convection was observed from the behavior of tracer particles placed on the specimens. As a results, three types of convection were observed: radial outward convection from the center of the molten zone at the joining interface, convection from the edge of the molten zone toward its center, and weak circulating convection at the edge of the molten zone. And, small convection velocities were generated at the edge of the molten zone. Furthermore, the convection velocity inside the molten zone was calculated to be approximately 1.75 m/s. In addition, it was shown that there is a correlation between convection behavior and the shape of the molten zone.

Background Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) encompasses all cancers arising from the remnant stomach. Various studies have reported on RGC and its prognosis, but no consensus on its surgical treatment and postoperative management has been reached. Moreover, the correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of RGC remains unclear. This study investigated the clinicopathological factors associated with the long-term survival of RGC patients.Methods The medical records (March 1993-September 2020) of 104 RGC patients from Tokyo Medical University Hospital database were analyzed. Of these 104 patients, the medical records of 63 patients who underwent surgical curative resection were analyzed using R. Kaplan-Meier plots of cumulative incidence of RGC were made. Differences in survival rates were compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression analysis (P< .05).Results Of the 104 RGC patients, 63 underwent total remnant stomach excision. The median time from the first surgery to the total excision was 10 years. The 5-year survival rate of the 63 RGC patients was .55 ((95% CI); .417-.671). The clinicopathological factors that were significantly associated with the long-term outcome of the RGC patients were tumor diameter (≥3.5 cm), presence or absence of combined resection of multiple organs, tumor invasion (deeper than T2), TNM stage, and postoperative morbidity. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor invasion depthwas the only independent prognostic factor for RGC patients [HR (95% CI): 5.49 (2.629-11.5), P≤ .005].Conclusions Among prognostic factors, tumor invasion depthwas the only independent factor affecting RGC’s long-term outcome.

The association between toothbrushing and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the change in time and frequency of toothbrushing is associated with having COVID-19 symptoms.

In this work, we investigated the feasibility of using strongly electron-deficient naphthobispyrazine bisimide (NPI) as a building unit for n-type semiconducting polymers used in organic photovoltaics. We synthesized new n-type semiconducting polymers based on NPI, in which thienothiophene and thiophene were used as counits. The polymers exhibited deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of ~−3.7 eV and narrow optical bandgaps of less than 1.5 eV, which originated from the high electron deficiency of NPI. We found that decreasing the counit length improved the solubilities and reduced the crystallinities of the NPI-based polymers. When blended with the benchmark p-type polymer PTB7-Th, the NPI-based polymers afforded power conversion efficiencies of up to 1.6% and exhibited clear photoresponses at the absorption band of NPI-based polymers. This study shows that NPI-based polymers have good potential as n-type materials for use in organic photovoltaic cells.

ABSTRACTThe distribution of Sr in the reactor during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1 F-NPS) accident would be influenced by the chemical interaction of Sr vapor species with the core structure materials of the internal reactor and the fuel cladding, such as stainless steel (SS) and Zircaloy (Zry) cladding. The chemical interactions between Sr and Zry and between Sr and SS have been described. Chemical interaction tests have been performed to investigate the chemical interaction behavior under possible severe accident conditions. The tests have been conducted up to 1523 K under steam atmosphere. It was confirmed that Sr–Zr–O and Sr–Si–O compounds were formed through two kinds of chemical interactions: gas–solid chemical interaction and liquid–solid chemical interaction. The gas and liquid species of Sr are in good contact with the solid Zry and SS to form the Sr–Zr–O and Sr–Si–O compounds, respectively. Sr was deposited onto the Zry and SS surfaces, leading to the formation of the fission product chemical species. Thus, this study highlights the possibility that Sr was deposited and retained in the core structure where the temperature was elevated during the 1 F-NPS accident.

We investigated the polymerization behavior of galactose-based cyclic sulfite as a monomer used to develop the graft polymerization preparation of (1 → 2)-galactan from an alcoholic aglycon. Galactose-based cyclic sulfite 6was prepared from commercially available tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal in 5 steps. Treatment of 6with catalytic (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) in the presence of water as the initiator exhibited ring-opening polycondensation of 6to give benzylated (1 → 2)-galactan and complete elimination of SO2from the main polymer chain. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the obtained polymer showed a simple pattern with even intervals, which suggested formation of benzylated (1 → 2)-galactan with OH groups at both ends. When we used 4-penten-1-ol as the alcohol initiator for polycondensation of 6, we obtained a pentenoyl group-terminated polymer and/or cyclic oligosaccharides. The reaction mechanism for polycondensation of 6was probed through systematic investigations of polymerization and DOSY spectral measurements of the polymer.

Abstract:This article explores how the fates of Japan's "foreign" communities—both "oldcomer" Zainichi Korean residents and "newcomer" foreign residents—have, especially since the 1990s, become tethered to one another. The authors argue that the postwar Zainichi Korean campaigns for legal, social, economic, educational, ethnic, constitutional, and welfare benefits have laid a foundation of "residency provisions" that the contemporary newcomer foreign community have also come to heavily rely on. However, access to such residency provisions by non-Japanese has increasingly come under attack from nativist and xenophobic groups such as the Zaitokukai and political parties such as the Japan First Party. More recently, waves of COVID-19 pandemic border closures and "states of emergency" incited a cultural and political environment in which "foreigners" became inextricably linked to the virus as a threat. Political and public support for border closures and stricter immigration controls coalesced with divisive and xenophobic movements that had primarily targeted Zainichi Koreans. The authors maintain this resulted in a shift towards exclusionary discourses directed at Japan's "foreigner" communities more generally. As social outgroups in contemporary Japan, Zainichi Koreans and newcomer foreigners are semantically, socially, and—most importantly—politically excluded through the Japanese/foreigner divide that continues to permeate Japanese self-consciousness. In conclusion, the case study of "IKUNO Tabunka Flat" is introduced as a model of Zainichi Korean grass-roots multiculturalism that attempts to overcome social division and isolation in Ikuno's "foreign" communities and assist in the creation of a more substantive and meaningful multicultural community in contemporary Japan.

We present an experimental demonstration of a stable, low-loss, large X-ray cavity operating at 1.2 Å wavelength. The cavity consists of four separate high-reflectivity single crystal diamond Bragg mirrors arranged in a rectangular configuration with a round-trip distance of 14.2 m. Femtosecond X-ray pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser were coupled into the cavity via a transmission phase grating. We show that a stable mode can be maintained with the introduction of cavity focusing and measure round-trip efficiencies approaching 88%, or >96% when excluding grating and lens losses, close to the Bragg mirror theoretical performance limit. The direct observation of sustained stable X-ray circulation provides the most direct evidence to date that cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers and other cavity-based hard X-ray systems are feasible.

BackgroundEnoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of branched chain amino acids and fatty acids. Mutations in the ECHS1gene lead to mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of intermediates of valine. This is one of the most common causative genes in mitochondrial diseases. While genetic analysis studies have diagnosed numerous cases with ECHS1variants, the increasing number of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in genetic diagnosis is a major problem.MethodsHere, we constructed an assay system to verify VUS function for ECHS1gene. A high-throughput assay using ECHS1knockout cells was performed to index these phenotypes by expressing cDNAs containing VUS. In parallel with the VUS validation system, a genetic analysis of samples from patients with mitochondrial disease was performed. The effect on gene expression in cases was verified by RNA-seq and proteome analysis.ResultsThe functional validation of VUS identified novel variants causing loss of ECHS1function. The VUS validation system also revealed the effect of the VUS in the compound heterozygous state and provided a new methodology for variant interpretation. Moreover, we performed multiomics analysis and identified a synonymous substitution p.P163= that results in splicing abnormality. The multiomics analysis complemented the diagnosis of some cases that could not be diagnosed by the VUS validation system.ConclusionsIn summary, this study uncovered new ECHS1cases based on VUS validation and omics analysis; these analyses are applicable to the functional evaluation of other genes associated with mitochondrial disease.

Calcite particles (Source; CaCO3, ∼0.4 μm in size) were 3D-printed into cube honeycombs (honeycombs) with ∼0.7 mm thick struts and ∼0.6 mm cellular window opening. The sintered honeycombs, regardless of the presence of a sintering aid in the printing slurry, gave ∼3 MPa or more in the compressive stress, which exceeded that of trabecular bone. The conversion of calcite to hydroxyapatite (HAp) was assessed in 0.1 M K2HPO4(pH: 7.0 or 7.4) at 20 °C–80 °C due to the X-ray diffraction intensity of the calcite and HAp peaks, surface microstructure, and P(V) accumulation on the honeycomb strut surface. Although a premature HAp layer yielded on all samples within 1 h soaking, further conversion depended on the samples. The conversion continued on Source until the volume fraction of the HAp shell layer reached ∼35% (37 °C). It was hardly detected on the grains of sintered honeycombs (from the slurry with the sintering aid) within the whole soaking period (≤24 h). In contrast, the conversion on the sintered honeycombs (from the slurry without the aid) became vigorous when soaked for 5 h, and, it reached at 24 h the highest level that the as-printed honeycombs achieved. The critical factors controlling the conversion were calcite dissolution, the equilibria among the carbonate and phosphate ions, and the rates of migration of Ca(II) and P(V) through the inter-granular channels of pores within the struts. A particle stacking model was proposed for the most plausible interpretation of the present results.

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy (CBHA) in children is an extremely heterogeneous group of disorders, but few comprehensive genetic studies have been reported. Comprehensive genetic analysis of CBHA patients may help differentiating atrophy and hypoplasia and potentially improve their prognostic aspects.

Colors are critical for understanding the emotional aspect of the human artistic mind, such as that found in painting a landscape, still life, or portrait. First, we report how single colors are memorized in the brain; second, how pairs of colors harmonize in the dissociated brain under the influence of the emotional brain; third, we see how colored paintings are appreciated as beautiful or ugly in the dissociated brain areas led by the intrinsic reward system in the human brain. The orbitofrontal brain is probably one of the vital brain areas that brings us a value‐based reward system that makes a unique contribution to emotional neuroaesthetics.

We report the use of a low-thermal-budget annealing technique; flash lamp annealing (FLA), which provides an extremely short annealing time in the millisecond range, on the ferroelectric properties of Al-doped HfO2(HAO) films. HAO annealed at 1000 °C with 5 ms shows a higher remanent polarization value of 24.9 μC cm−2compared to rapid thermal annealing (RTA), without degradation of endurance. GIXRD shows a stronger peak intensity originating from the orthorhombic (o-) phase and is observed when using FLA, indicating the formation of a larger amount of the o-phase. We believe that this is a consequence of the low thermal budget of FLA, and that specifically FLA can minimize the relaxation of the compressive stress in the TiN electrodes, inducing a high tensile stress to the HAO films and therefore an enhancement of o-phase formation. These results indicate that FLA is a promising annealing method for HAO crystallization due to the enhancement of o-phase formation.

Healing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains greatly challenging via biomaterial strategies. Given the unsuccessful innate bone erosion healing due to an inflammatory disorder, over‐activated osteoclasts, and impaired osteoblasts differentiation, RA pathogenesis‐guided engineering of an innovative hydrogel platform is needed for remodeling osteoimmune and osteogenic microenvironment of bone erosion healing. Herein, in situ adaptable and injectable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel is developed through an ingenious combination of a bio‐orthogonal reaction between hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen, along with effective electrostatic interactions leveraging bisphosphonate (BP)‐functionalized HA macromers (HABP) and nanorod shaped zinc (Zn)‐doped biphasic calcium phosphate (ZnBCP). IPN hydrogel exhibits exceptional adaptability to the local shape complexity at bone erosions, and by integrating ZnBCP and HABP, a multi‐stage releasing platform is engineered, facilitating controlled cargo delivery for remodeling more anti‐inflammatory M2 cells and reducing over‐activated osteoclastic activities, thereby reconstructing the bone regeneration microenvironment. Sustainedly co‐delivering multiple ions (calcium and phosphate) can display excellent osteogenic properties and be conducive to the bone formation process, by effects of osteogenesis‐associated cell differentiation. Overall, the introduced bioactive IPN hydrogel therapy remodels the osteoimmune environment by synergistic pro‐inflammation‐resolving, osteogenesis, and anti‐osteoclastic activities, displaying excellent bone reconstruction in the collagen‐induced arthritis rabbit model. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis‐guided engineering of an innovative interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel platform is designed to remodel osteoimmune and osteogenic microenvironment crucial for healing bone erosion. This hydrogel can increase M2 macrophage polarization, suppress osteoclast activity and accelerate osteogenesis to achieve bone reconstruction by releasing bisphosphonates (BPs) and multiply ions (calcium, phosphate, and zinc).

δ-NbN powder with particles of ∼1 µm in size was obtained by heating a mixture of NaNbO3and BN powders at 1373 K for 1 h, while agglomerates composed of ɛ-NbN platelet grains up to 50 µm in size were obtained by heating the mixture at the same temperature for 10 h. Metathesis reaction in which sodium borate was formed with replacement of the oxygen and nitrogen from NaNbO3and BN occurred with the NbN formation. Wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the molar ratios of Nb to N in the synthesized δ-NbN and ɛ-NbN were ∼1:1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the δ-NbN powder was a superconductor with a transition temperature of ∼16 K. In comparison, the ɛ-NbN agglomerates did not exhibit superconductivity above 2 K.Graphical Abstract

Introduction: Few researchers have investigated the optimal long-term antithrombotic therapy regimen, especially after first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) use. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mid-term antithrombotic therapy on long-term outcomes in patients treated with the first sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (Cypher™). Methods: Between 2004 and 2009, 1021 patients underwent Cypher™ implantation at our institute; among them, 567 patients had available data on antithrombotic therapy at year 5. We assessed patients’ antithrombotic therapy at year 5 post Cypher™ implantation and examined their association with adverse events from year 5 to year 10 post Cypher™ implantation. Results: Patients with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at year 5 had significantly lower risk of stent thrombosis (ST) than those with single-antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.24, p= 0.034). The HR of major bleeding in DAPT, compared to SAPT, was high, but the difference was not significant (HR 1.72, p= 0.26). Risk of major bleeding was significantly higher in patients on oral anticoagulants (OAC) than in those in other groups (OAC/SAPT; HR 5.31, p= 0.0048, OAC/DAPT; HR 3.08, p= 0.022), without significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: The incidence of ST after Cypher™ implantation in patients with DAPT at year 5 was significantly lower than that in SAPT. However, the risk of bleeding was higher with DAPT than with SAPT. Moreover, the risk of major bleeding was significantly higher in patients on anticoagulant therapy than in other patients. New options for the use of antithrombotic drugs after percutaneous coronary intervention warrant further studies on the optimal antithrombotic therapy for first-generation DES.