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Background: Calcineurin, a protein involved in functions such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. This study, randomized, investigated the effects of FK506 (FK), a calcineurin inhibitor, on the behavioral, histological, and biochemical alterations observed in models of neurotoxicity induced by NMDA or Aβ and in a transgenic model for AD, in addition to the organotypic culture model stimulated with NMDA. Methods: This study involved models for AD to experiment injecting NMDA or Aβ1‐42 into the hippocampus of male C57Bl/6 mice aged 8‐12 weeks to induce a neurotoxicity model, treating double‐transgenic APP/PS1 mice, expressing both mouse/human APP and mutant human PS1, with chronic FK506 for AD, in which, to enable NMDA or Aβ1‐42 microinjections, another experiment including a stereotaxic surgery was performed on the C57Bl/6 mice. FK506 doses and the pre‐treatment time were chosen based on prior related studies and its ability to cross the BBB. To obtain organotypic cultures, animals aged between 1 and 3 days were used. Their hippocampi were dissected in an ice‐cold culture and then stimulated with NMDA, which is neurotoxic, or PBS, having previously been inserted into a medium containing FK506 or a negative control. In addition, the microglia depletor clodronate disodium was added to the hippocampal slices. The exploratory open field task, the elevated plus maze (LCE), the interaction test (IS) and social memory and ORT were used to evaluate behavior. To complement the results, real‐time quantitative PCR and a statistical analysis of the data were carried out. Results: FK506 played a protective role in cognitive impairment in both in vivo models and reduced FJC labeling and microgliosis in the Aβ model. FK506 also prevented the reduction of NeuN, a mature neuron marker, expression in organotypic cultures stimulated with NMDA. Furthermore, chronic treatment with FK506 protected against the behavioral alterations observed in LCE and IS. In addition, FK506 reduced microgliosis in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 animals. Conclusion: Together, these results demonstrate the protective potential of FK506 against the pathology observed in AD models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teocomunicação is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física is the property of Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The LARIISA collaborators group has been conducting research and development of technological solutions to support decision-making in health systems since 2009. GISSA, a cloud system resulting from the scientific and technological evolution of the LARIISA project, is among the solutions produced. This paper aims to describe the developing trend of GISSA©, a technological tool supporting the Family Health Strategy in northeastern Brazil, pointing out challenges, paths, and potentialities. This is a descriptive and exploratory study, based on secondary sources from the IBGE, INMET, SINAN, SIM, and SINASC, with quantitative analysis based on machine-learning techniques applied to create digital health microservices. Operating in the northeast and southeast regions, GISSA© provides information that qualifies health managers' decision-making process, improving the municipal health system's management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a prototype of the GISSA Mother-Baby ChatBot Application (GCBMB), a conversational agent to promote child health and evaluate the experience of use and satisfaction with this technological solution. This is a two-stage cross-sectional research with a mixed methodology. The first stage develops the settings of dialogue and the GCBMB prototype. The second stage evaluates the experience of using the ChatBot through a structured questionnaire where statements are used to assess the respondent's level of agreement using the Likert Scale and analyzes the application's use path through its database. The sample consisted of 142 puerperae, with a mean age of 25.4 years, where 38.1% were primiparous. The level of agreement of women with simplicity, good quality of information, clarity of content, usefulness, and satisfaction with the application was above 90%. Women between 26 and 30 years of age had a higher mean number of hits (5.21), settings accessed (9.26), and usage time (272 seconds) comparing younger and older women. The use of ChatBots on smartphones is encouraging to promote the health of children in Brazil. However, more investments are required to improve technological solutions and research with robust methodologies to evaluate their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the distribution of AIDS through sociodemographic variables, within the scope of Brazilian social security and social assistance. Twenty-seven federal units were used for data spatialization and analysis. Data were stratified according to gender, age group, area of residence, social welfare membership, type of benefit received and grant method for the beneficiaries. Benefits were classified as social security (71,939, 72.4%), social assistance (26,302, 26.5%) and accident benefits (1,128, 1.1%), a large proportion of which were granted to males (64,654, 65.1%). The unemployed (50,404, 50.7%), who lived in urban areas (96,767, 97.4%), were aged between 20 and 39 years (49,508, 49.8%) and who received benefits based on article 27 of Decree Nº 3048/99 (51,985, 52.3%) were the most incident. The results show that more than half of the benefits granted were for unemployed individuals or those without job stability and, thus, did not contribute to social security for continuous periods. This fact reaffirms the segregation in the labor market to which these individuals are subjected. Also, it is noted that AIDS persists at high levels at the most productive stage of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This lateral-view cephalometric study compares the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects in patients with Class II mandibular malocclusions undergoing treatment with the Herbst appliance and the mandibular protraction appliance. The sample consists of 43 adolescents, divided into 3 groups: group 1, 12 individuals, average age 12 years 4 months, treated with the Herbst appliance for an average of 8.7 months; group 2, 15 individuals, average age 13 years 2 months, treated with the mandibular protraction appliance for an average of 8.3 months; and group 3 (control), 16 individuals, average age 10 years 4 months, who did not undergo any treatment and were followed for a period of 10 months. Based on the results, both treatment groups showed: (1) greater increases in the mandibular length than the controls, with the MPA-treated group displaying significantly more growth than the Herbst-treated group; (2) a vestibular inclination of the mandibular incisors; (3) retrusion of the upper lip. No other significant soft tissue or dental differences manifested among the 3 groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are used in several countries for the treatment of various diseases, including arthritis and osteoarthritis, thus constituting a valuable alternative to commercial drugs. In Brazil, several cultivated plants of economic interest have been indicated for the treatment of rheumatic diseases in ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys. From this perspective, the present study aimed to review the literature on the anti-arthritic and anti-ostoarthritic potential of plants traditionally used in Brazil. The scientific documents were retrieved from different databases, from the first report published in 1989 until December 2023. A total of 55 species distributed in 31 families are used for the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis in different Brazilian states. The species Echinodorus grandiflorus , Pterodon emarginatus , Morinda citrifolia , Uncaria tomentosa , and Miconia albicans stood out for the number of citations. Leaves (41%) are the parts of plants most used in the medicinal preparations. Of the 55 species used by traditional communities, 24 had their anti-arthritic and anti-osteoarthritic activities investigated in preclinical models, and 14 in randomized clinical trials. Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, may be directly involved with the reported anti-arthritic and anti-osteoarthritic activity. Many of the species cited in ethnobotanical surveys carried out in Brazil still lack scientific investigations that prove their anti-arthritic effects in preclinical and clinical trials. The exploration of novel phytopharmaceuticals derived from commonly utilized plant raw materials holds the potential to facilitate the establishment of more readily accessible therapeutic alternatives for the general public. [Display omitted] • 31 families and 55 species are traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis in Brazil. • Asteraceae and Lamiaceae are widely used in the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis in Brazil. • The Brazilian states of Goiás and Mato Grosso had the higher number of ethnomedicinal uses. • 24 species traditionally used in Brazil showed anti-arthritic potential in vivo. • 14 species were evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of arthritis and osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of Cyperaceae occur in all regions of Brazil and have been used in folk medicine in the country, as well as in other parts of the world. From this perspective, the present study aimed to review, for the first time, the folk medicinal use of Cyperaceae species in Brazil, making a distinction between species with and without experimental data available in the literature. Data were obtained from different databases. In the initial search, a total number of 604 publications were retrieved and those that did not meet the search criteria were excluded. A total of 159 articles were selected and used in this review. According to the analysed documents, a total of 27 species of Cyperaceae have reports of folk medicinal use in 15 states of the country. Of these, 44% have been scientifically investigated for chemical constituents and/or biological activities. Sesquiterpenes were the main constituents isolated from different species. The species are used to treat different health problems, especially inflammation, and the roots are the most frequently used parts. Cyperus rotundus is the species with the highest number of medicinal indications and pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Despite the wide spectrum of use of Cyperaceae species, scientific evidence to validate the indications mentioned by traditional communities is lacking for most of them. • Cyperaceae species used in the traditional medicine of Brazil were reviewed. • Twenty-seven species are used as medicine, mainly those of the Cyperus genus. • The Cyperaceae species are indicated mainly for the treatment of inflammation. • Sesquiterpene compounds were the major constituents identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the oil content and fatty acid profile of Cynophalla flexuosa seeds from three localities with different climatic characteristics were analyzed. The mean oil content ranged from 16.37% in seeds from coastal area (Restinga ecosystem) to 22.74% in those from two semiarid regions (Caatinga ecosystem). Our initial hypothesis that temperature, precipitation, altitude and salinity would have a significant effect on oil production was not confirmed. The fatty acid profile was predominantly saturated in seeds from Restinga, with a high content of palmitic acid (56.46%). In seeds from Caatinga, palmitic acid (42.89%) and oleic acid (44.22%) were equally predominant. At higher altitudes (e.g. Caatinga), C. flexuosa seeds produced more oleic acid, and at sea level (e.g. Restinga), production of this fatty acid was reduced (22.05%). Cluster (UPGMA) and Principal Component Analyses (PCA) showed that the fatty acid profile of C. flexuosa seeds differed within and between localities and may have been influenced by climatic parameters such as altitude, minimum temperature, and latitude. Although C. flexuosa belongs to Capparaceae, a family close to Brassicaceae, its fatty acid profile was different from those of Capparis spinosa (caper) and Brassica napus (canola), mainly due to the low percentage of linoleic acid (less than 10%). Based on the fatty acid profile, we present potential uses of C. flexuosa seed oil, which may vary according to the origin of the plants. [Display omitted] • The oil profile of Cynophalla flexuosa seeds from three different locations was analyzed. • The oil content ranged from 16.37% (coastal area) to 22.74% (semiarid area). • The fatty acid profile of C. flexuosa differed both within and between the locations. • Palmitic and oleic acids were the major constituents of the seed oil. • The potential applications of C. flexuosa seed oil vary according to the plant's geographical origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with clinical/metabolic variables was evaluated in overweight Brazilian children and adolescents. Study design: Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 407 students (273 overweight/obese, 11.3 ± 3.1 y). Measurements included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipids, insulin, hs-CRP, and ALT. Overweight/obese was defined using BMI z-score; insulin resistance (IR) by homeostatic model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and metabolic syndrome (MS) in accordance with the modified NCEP-ATPIII. Results: As weight increased, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), insulin, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, ALT, ALT, hs-CRP, and AST and the number of MS components (nMSc) also increased (P ≤ .001 for all). Subjects with hs-CRP and ALT above the median had higher BMI z-score, WC, SBP, DBP, TG, AST, insulin, HOMA-IR, and nMSc than those with both markers below the median (P ≤ .002 for all). After adjustment for age, sex and ethnicity, BMI z-score (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.38 to 1.86; P < .001), WC (OR,1.3; CI, 1.19 to 1.43; P < .001) SBP (OR, 1.2; CI, 1.03 to 1.38; P = .015), DBP (OR, 1.4; CI, 1.15 to 1.69; P < .001), TG (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.29 to 2.62; P < .001), insulin (OR, 1.4; CI, 1.23 to 1.71; P < .001), HOMA-IR (OR, 1.2; CI, 1.09 to 1.29; P < .001) and nMSc (OR, 2; CI, 1.16 to 3.47; P = .012) were independently associated with high ALT and hs-CRP. For every 5-cm increase in WC and every 1-point increase in BMI z-score, there were a 1.3- and 1.5-fold greater chance of having increased ALT and hs-CRP, respectively. Conclusions: Simultaneous measurements of ALT and hs-CRP should be considered as a screening test for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight/obese children/adolescents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a case study of a 12-year-old female, who undergone a correction of a Class III malocclusion in the U.S. A removable Quad helix has been used to correct the posterior crossbite, while using open-coil springs to open space for the maxillary. It notes that the method has eliminated the negative overjet and shows a positive impact on the nasolabial angle.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical-chemical and biological variables of the water of the Capibaribe River (state of Pernambuco, Brazil) on leaf anatomy, including ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment of Salvinia auriculata. Specimens of S. auriculata collected in the Gurjaú River, an area with a low pollution degree, were acclimatized in Hoagland's solution and then subjected to three water samples of the Capibaribe River with different levels of pollution. Twenty-one physical-chemical and biological variables were analyzed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The results showed that the samples of the Capibaribe River presented nine parameters that did not comply with the current Brazilian legislation. After 15 days of bioassay, S. auriculata presented variations in mesophyll and cuticle thickness, changes in trichome morphology and accumulation of phenolic compounds. No significant differences were observed for photosynthetic pigment content and leaf length of S. auriculata. Multivariate analyses (PCA and Cluster) showed that the point in the Capibaribe River with the highest number of variables that do not comply with the current legislation was responsible for major structural and chemical changes observed in S. auriculata. • The impact of water quality on some attributes of Salvinia auriculata was evaluated. • Cuticle, mesophyll and trichomes morphology were affected by aquatic pollution. • Aquatic pollution increased the phenolic compounds in cells. • No significant differences were observed for photosynthetic pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]