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Although studies have documented the importance of basic psychological need satisfaction in parent–child relationships, a gap remains in understanding how parent and adolescent need satisfaction are associated. Using two longitudinal intergenerational data sets (200 parent–adolescent dyads and 408 mother–adolescent dyads; two waves), we examined whether (a) parents’ need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental needs effect), (b) adolescents’ need satisfaction predicts parents’ need satisfaction (child’s needs effect), and (c) parental perception of adolescent’s need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental perception effect). Findings from cross-lagged path models analogous to actor–partner interdependence models only supported parental perception effects: Parents’ T1 perception of their adolescent’s need satisfaction predicted their adolescent’s T2 self-reported need satisfaction, especially for autonomy and competence needs. Findings highlight the importance of parents’ perceptions, which may benefit the design of new interventions for basic psychological needs.

Dupuytren’s pathologic tissue usually involves the palmar skin and rarely infiltrates into the dorsal skin. In this study, we hypothesized that transplantation of a vascularized cutaneous flap harvested from the dorsum of the hand to the palmar skin, under which the pathologic cord existed might be useful for blocking reformation of the pathologic cords and for decreasing the recurrence rate. After removal of the pathologic tissue under the palmar skin, we harvested 2 types of skin islands nourished by the dorsal digital arterial network including the dorsal perforating arteries arising from the palmar digital arteries. The skin islands were transplanted into skin defects in the palm of the fingers and hand that had been created after correction of flexion contracture of the fingers. We performed this surgical maneuver on 24 fingers in 24 patients who exhibited severe flexion contracture because of Dupuytren disease. During the mean 40-month follow-up, only 1 patient experienced metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture ≥20 degrees in the operated finger. The recurrence rate was 4.2%, which was almost similar to that for a dermofasciectomy followed by a large full-thickness skin graft.

Although the incidence of proximal femur fractures (PFFs) is increasing, few detailed reports on associated long-term outcomes and causes of death exist. We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes and causes of death ≥5 years after surgical treatment of PFFs. This retrospective study included 123 patients (18 males, 105 females) with PFFs treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2016. Cases (median age: 90 [range, 65–106] years) comprised 38 femoral neck fractures (FNFs) and 85 intertrochanteric fractures (IFs). Surgical procedures included bipolar head arthroplasty (n = 35), screw fixation (n = 3), and internal fixation with nails (n = 85). The mean post-surgical follow-up time was 58.9 (range, 1–106) months. Surveyed items included survival (1 vs 5 years; sex; age, >90 vs <90 years; IF vs FNF), comorbidities, waiting time after the injury (died vs survived), operative time (proximal femoral nail antirotations [PFNA] vs FNF, died vs Survived), blood loss (PFNA vs FNF; died vs survived), and cause of death (IF vs FNF; <1 vs >1 year). Among all patients, 83.7% had comorbidities (IF, 90.5%; FNF, 81.5%). Among patients who died and survived, 89.1% and 80.5% had comorbidities, respectively. The most common comorbidities were cardiac (n = 22), renal (n = 10), brain (n = 8), and pulmonary (n = 4) diseases. Overall survival (OS) rates at 1 and 5 years were 88.9% and 66.7%, respectively. Male/female OS rates were 88.8%/88.3% and 66.6%/66.6% (P= .89) at 1 and 5 years, respectively. OS rates for the <90/≥90 age groups were 90.1%/76.7% and 75.3%/53.4 (P< .01) at 1 and 5 years, respectively. The 1- and 5-year OS (IF/FNF) rates were 85.7%/88.8% and 60%/81.5%, respectively; patients with IFs had significantly lower OS than those with FNFs at both timepoints (P= .015). There was a marked difference in the operative time between died (43.5 ± 24.0: mean ± S.D.) and survived (60 ± 24.4: mean ± S.D.) patients. The main causes of death were senility (n = 10), aspiration pneumonia (n = 9), bronchopneumonia (n = 6), worsening heart failure (n = 5), acute myocardial infarction (n = 4), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (n = 4). Overall, 30.4% of the cases were related to comorbidities and related causes (e.g., hypertension-related ruptured large abdominal aneurysm). Managing comorbidities may improve long-term postoperative outcomes of PFF treatment.

A novel dinuclear zinc(II) hexaazacryptate (Zn2L3+) has been synthesized as a phosphate capture molecule in aqueous solution (L = an alkoxide form of 4,16-(2-hydroxypropano)-1,4,7,13,16,19-hexaazacyclotetracosane). Potentiometric pH titration study disclosed a 1:1 phenyl phosphate complexation with Zn2L3+. The dissociation constant, Kd( = [Zn2L3+][PhOPO32-]/[Zn2L3+–PhOPO32-]) is a small value of 6 × 10 - 7M at 35 °C with I= 0.10 (NaNO3). The X-ray crystal analysis of the p-nitrophenyl phosphate complex with Zn2L3+showed that the phosphate dianion binds as a bridging ligand to the two zinc(II) ions. The analogous 1:1 CH3COO--bound Zn2L3+complex was isolated and characterized by X-ray analysis.

Until now, phospholipase A2(PLA2; EC 3.1.14) has been found only from eukaryotic sources. In the present study, we found a secreted PLA2, which is produced by a soil bacterium, Streptomyces violaceoruberA-2688, demonstrating that the enzyme is the first phospholipase A2identified in prokaryote. After characterization of the novel PLA2, a gene encoding the enzyme was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed using a Streptomyceshost-vector system. The amino acid sequence showed that the prokaryotic PLA2has only four cysteines and less homology to the eukaryotic ones, which have 12–16 cysteines. The solution structures of the prokaryotic PLA2, bound and unbound with calcium(II) ion, were determined by using the NMR technique and structure calculation. The overall structure of the S. violaceoruberPLA2, which is composed of only five α-helices, is completely different from those of eukaryotic PLA2s, which consist of β-sheets and α-helices. The structure of the calcium-binding domain is obviously distinct from that without the ion; the ligands for the calcium(II) ion are the two carboxylates of Asp43(monodentate) and Asp65(bidentate), the carbonyl oxygen of Leu44, and three water molecules. A calcium-binding experiment showed that the calcium dissociation constant (∼5 mm) for the prokaryotic PLA2is much larger than those of eukaryotic ones.

A new zinc(ii)-fluorophore, 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid [2-(1,5,9-triazacyclododec-1-yl)ethyl]amide (HL) has been synthesized and characterized. The spectrophotometric and potentiometric pH-titration study disclosed a 1 ∶ 1 zinc(ii) complexation with a stability constant, K(ZnL) of 101.3 (= [ZnL]a_H+/[Zn2+][HL]) at 25 °C with I = 0.10 (NaCl) in aqueous solution, where L is the dansylamide deprotonated ligand. The fluorescence intensity of ZnL at 538 nm (excitation at 320 nm) is 5.2 times greater than that of the ligand (HL·H+ form) in aqueous solution at pH 7.8 and 25 °C with I = 0.10 (NaCl). The X-ray crystal analysis of the zinc(ii) complex [ZnL(ClO₄)·EtOH] showed a four-coordinate zinc(ii) with three nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic triamine and the dansylamide N− anion.

From the arial parts of Bassia muricata, two acylated flavonoid glycosides quercetin-3-O-(6″-caffeoyl)-sophoroside and quercetin-3-O-(6″-feruloyl)-sophoroside have been isolated together with two known flavonoid glycosides quercetin-3-O-sophoroside and quercetin-3,7-O-β-diglucopyranoside, as well as four known triterpenoidal saponins, oleanolic acid-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, chikusetsusaponin IVa, chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester and oleanolic acid-3,28-β-diglucopyranoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were verified by means of MS and NMR spectral analyses.

Less invasive pancreatic head resection, such as pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) and duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) has been introduced for the treatment of pancreatoduodenal lesions, especially for benign conditions, in consideration of postoperative quality of life. Surgical stress and exocrine and endocrine function of the residual pancreas were examined in 44 patients with PPPD, 10 with conventional pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and six with DPPHR. Clinical findings including serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood sugar, a 120-min value of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), N-benzol-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) excretion value (a pancreatic exocrine function test), and volume of postoperative pancreatic juice drainage were compared among the three different variants of pancreatectomy. Operation time and operative blood loss in PD were largest of the three, followed by PPPD and DPPHR. Postoperative elevation of serum CRP on postoperative day (POD) 2 or 3 was similar among the three different types of operation. Fasting blood sugar concentrations were not different among the three groups at short- and long-term after the operation, while the 120-min value of the GTT showed a marked elevation at long-term only after PPPD. The volume of pancreatic juice drainage increased up to POD 4 and became constant thereafter. The total amount of pancreatic juice drainage from POD 4 to 13 was smallest in PD (637 ml) followed by PPPD (1255 ml) and DPPHR (1431 ml). The BT-PABA value declined after PD (−20.3%, P = 0.0437) and PPPD (−20.2%, P = 0.0239) at short term, but not after DPPHR (8.2%). These findings suggest that the early impairment of the pancreatic exocrine function after PD and PPPD but not after DPPHR may indicate that the invasiveness of pancreatic head resection to the pancreatic functions is greater in PD and PPPD than in DPPHR.

We examine the risk of a pre-test estimator for regression coefficients after a pre-test for homoskedasticity under the Balanced Loss Function (BLF). We show analytically that the two stage Aitken estimator is dominated by the pre-test estimator with the critical value of unity, even if the BLF is used. We also show numerically that both the two stage Aitken estimator and the pre-test estimator can be dominated by the ordinary least squares estimator when "goodness of fit" is regarded as more important than precision of estimation.

From the aerial part of Chrozophora obliqua, 14 novel dolabellane diterpenoids have been isolated, all of them are naturally acylated at the C-16 hydroxyl group with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG). The structures of the isolated compounds were assigned on the basis of deacylation reactions as well as NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopic studies.

The leaves of Gonocaryum calleryanum afforded four new secoiridoid glycosides acylated with 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, three of which have a novel 10-membered dilactone-ring. From this plant, we also isolated a new flavonoid glycoside, apigenin 7-O-β-apiofuranosyl (1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, along with six known flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, apigenin, apigenin-5,7-dimethyl ether, apigenin trimethyl ether, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, and vitexin. The structure of the new glycosides was elucidated by chemical and spectral means.

The ethyl acetate-soluble portion of the MeOH extract of Ehretia microphylla showed inhibitory activity on exocytosis in antigen-stimulated rat basophils. The bioassay-guided separation of this fraction afforded five biologically active compounds. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds, which include microphyllone, a unique dimeric prenylbenzoquinone, and its congeners, were elucidated.

From the dried flowers of Millingtonia hortensis, nine cyclohexylethanoids, including four glucosides were isolated along with 12 related known compounds. Biogenetic relationships between these compounds are discussed.

In this paper, we derive the distribution and density functions of the feasible generalized ridge regression (GRR) estimator. It is shown that when the absolute value of a regression coefficient is close to zero, the distribution of the feasible GRR estimator is bimodal and has thinner tails than that of the OLS estimator.

In this paper, we derive the exact distribution and density functions of the Stein-type estimator for the normal variance. It is shown by numerical evaluation that the density function of the Stein-type estimator is unimodal and concentrates around the mode more than that of the usual estimator.

In thia paper, we examine the sampling properties of the two-stage test which consists of a pre-test for disturbance variance followed by a main-test a regression coefficient of an unobservable variable when a proxy variable is used instead of the unobservable variable. It is shown that the pre-test works effectively if the significance level of the pre-test is appropriately chosen.

The purpose of this paper is to examine small sample properties of the operational almost unbiased generalized ridge estimator (E) . The exact first two moments of theAUGRE are derived. It is shown that although the reduction of the bias of the AUGRE is substantial, the AUGRE is rather inefficient than the generalized ridge estimator without the bias correction in a wide range of a noncen-trality parameter in terms of the mean square error.

In this paper, we consider a heteroscedastic linear regression model with omitted variables. We derive the density function of the pre-test estimator consisting of the two-stage Aitken estimator (2SAE) and the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) after the pre-test for homoscedasticity. We also derive the first two moments based on the density function and show the sufficient condition for the pre-test estimator to dominate the 2SAE in terms of the MSE. Our numerical evaluations show that when this sufficient condition does not hold and when the magnitude of the specification error is large, the pre-test estimator can be dominated by the 2SAE, and further, the 2SAE can be dominated by the OLSE.

In this paper, we derive the exact formula of the risk function of a pre-test estimator for normal variance with the Stein-variance (PTSV) estimator when the asymmetric LINEX loss function is used. Fixing the critical value of the pre-test to unity which is a suggested critical value in some sense, we examine numerically the risk performance of the PTSV estimator based on the risk function derived. Our numerical results show that although the PTSV estimator does not dominate the usual variance estimator when under-estimation is more severe than over-estimation, the PTSV estimator dominates the usual variance estimator when over-estimation is more severe. It is also shown that the dominance of the PTSV estimator over the original Stein-variance estimator is robust to the extension from the quadratic loss function to the LINEX loss function.

In this paper, we show a maximum likelihood estimation procedure in the Box–Cox model when a lagged dependent variable is included among explanatory variables and the first observation of the dependent variable is random. It is shown in a numerical example that a test of a coefficientof the lagged dependent variable is sensitive to whether the first observation of the dependentvariable is random or not.

A polysaccharide (molecular mass: 1.5010 6) named sanchinan-A which shows remarkable reticuloendothelial system potentiating activity in carbon clearance test, was isolated from Sanchi-Ginseng (roots of PANAX NOTOGINSENG), a Chinese traditional medicine. Chemical and spectroscopic studies led to the structure which is composed of a ?- D-(1?3)-linked galactopyranosyl-backbone possessing branching points at position O-6 to which [mainly ?-L-arabinofuranosyl and partly ?- D-galactopyranosyl]-(1?6)-?- D-galactopyranosyl-(1?3)-?- D-galactopyranosyl side chains are attached on average to two of three galactosyl units. Sanchinan-A contains a small amount of protein (3.27%).

This paper relaxes the Mittelhammer's (1981) assumption that the value of the true variance is known in the mixed regression model and examines the small sample, properties of the feasible mixed regression predictor under misspecification. The paper shows that the feasible mixed regression predictor is not always superior to the ordinary least squares predictor in terms of the weak mean square error when there exist omitted variables in the model. Further it shows that misspecificstion works favorably for the ordinary least squares predictor.

In this paper, we first examine the sampling properties of the Graybill-Deal estimator when two normal population means may not be common. It is shown that the mean squared error of the Graybill-Deal estimator can be larger than that of the sample mean based on only one sample even if the difference between two population means are relatively small. From the result, we may conduct a pre-test for equality of two population means, and may use the Graybill-Deal estimator or the sample mean based on only one sample according to the result of the pre-test. We secondly examine the sampling properties of the pre-test estimator by Monte Carlo experiments. It is shown that the relatively large mean squared error of the Graybill-Deal estimator when the difference of two population means is relatively large can be substantially reduced by conducting thepre-test.

In this paper, we examine by Monte Carlo experiments the small sample properties of the W (Wald), LM (Lagrange Multiplier) and LR (Likelihood Ratio) tests for equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions under heteroscedasticity. The small sample properties of the size-corrected W, LM and LR tests proposed by Rothenberg (1984) are also examined and it is shown that the performances of the size-corrected W and LM tests are very good. Further, we examine the two-stage test which consists of a test for homoscedasticity followed by the Chow (1960) test if homoscedasticity is indicated or one of the W, LM or LR tests if heteroscedasticity should be assumed. It is shown that the pretest does not reduce much the bias in the size when the sizecorrected citical values are used in the W, LM and LR tests.

In this paper, we regard stochastic constraints on regression coefficients as an approximation for interval constraints. We examine the sampling properties of the interval constrained least squares (INCLS) estimator and the alternative mixed regression (MR) estimator proposed by Court (1976). It is shown that when the prior probability of the interval constraint is moderate (e.g., 0.5), the MR estimator has the better MSE performance than the INCLS estimator. The density functions of the INCLS and MR estimators are also compared.

In this paper, we show a sufficient condition for an operational variant of the minimum mean squared error estimator (simply, the minimum MSE estimator) to dominate the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. It is also shown numerically that the minimum MSE estimator dominates the OLS estimator if the number of regression coefficients is larger than or equal to three, even if the sufficient condition is not satisfied. When the number of regression coefficients is smaller than three, our numerical results show that the gain in MSE of using the minimum MSE estimator is larger than the loss.

In this paper, we derive the exact general expressions for the moments of an ordinary ridge regression (ORR) estimator for individual regression coefficients in a different way from Firinguetti (1987). Using the derived expressions, we evaluate numerically the first four moments of the ORR estimator, and examine its bias, mean square error, skewness and kurtosis. Further, Monte Carlo experiments are carried out in order to examine the shape of the density function of the ORR estimator.

In this paper, we examine the small sample properties of the pre-test estimator of the variance in a normal population when the alternative hypothesis in the pre-test is one-sided: H1 :μ > μ0 where μ is a population mean and μ0 is any fixed number.It is shown that the optimal critical value of the pre-test based on a certain criterion is [(n-1)/(n+1)]1/2. It is also shown that the Stein estimator proposed by Stein (1964) is dominated by the pre-test estimator with the optimal critical value if μ ≥ μ0.

In this paper, we examine the sampling performance of a two-stage test which consists of a pre-test for a linear hypothesis on regression coeffiecients followed by a main-test for a disturbance variance in a linear regression. It is shown that the actual size of the two-stage test can be well-controlled around the normal size if the suggested sizes presented in this paper are used in the pre-test. It is also shown that the two-stage test when the suggested sizes are used in the preferable to the usual test for the disturbance variable which incorporates no pre-test in terms of the power.

Given two random samples of equal size from two normal distributions with common mean but possibly different variances, we examine the sampling performance of the pre-test estimator for the common mean after a preliminary test for equality of variances. It is shown that when the alternative in the pretest is one-sided, the Graybill-Deal estimator is dominated by the pre-test estimator if the critical value is chosen appropriately. It is also shown that all estimators, the grand mean, the Graybill-Deal estimator and the pre-test estimator, are admissible when the alternative in the pre-test is two-sided. The optimal critical values in the two-sided pre-test are sought based on the minimax regret and the minimum average risk criteria, and it is shown that the Graybill-Deal estimator is most preferable under the minimum average risk criterion when the alternative in the pre-test is two-sided.

We consider a linear regression model when some independent variables are unobservable, but proxy variables are available instead of them. We derive the distribution and density functions of a pre-test estimator of the error variance after a pre-test for the null hypothesis that the coefficients for the unobservable variables are zeros. Based on the density function, we show that when the critical value of the pre-test is unity, the coverage probability in the interval estimation of the error variance is maximum.

Keratan sulfate (KS) is one of the major glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix proteoglycan. We find that exogenously added KS totally blocks keratanase sensitive glycosaminoglycan release measured by radiolabeled ligand. We also find that KS release is potentially inhibited by its own presence as measured by ELISA. When KS is digested with keratanase before its addition to the medium, its inhibitory effect on KS secretion is partially blocked. Exogenously added KS promotes the accumulation of the KS epitope in the cell layer. These data suggest that KS negatively regulates its own secretion.

In regression analysis we are often interested in using an estimator which is “precise” and which simultaneously provides a model with “good fit”, In this paper we consider the risk properties of several estimators of the regression coefficient vector "trader “balanced” loss, This loss function (Zellner, 1994) reflects both of the described attributes. Under a particular form of balanced loss, we derive the predictive risk of the pre-test estimator which results after a test for exact linear restrictions on the coefficient vector. The corresponding risks of Stein-rule and positive-part Stein-rale estimators are also established. The risks based on loss functions which allow only for estimation precision, or only for goodness of fit, are special cases of our results, and we draw appropriate comparisons, In particular, we show that some of the well-known results under (quadratic) precision-only loss are not robust to our generalization of the loss function

In this paper, we consider an adjustment of degrees of freedom in the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimator, We derive the exact MSE of the adjusted MMSE (AMMSE) estimator, and compare the MSE of the AMMSE estimator with those of the Stein-(SR), positive-part Stein-rule (PSR) and MMSE estimators by numerical evaluations. It is shown that the adjustment of degrees of freedom is effective when the noncentrality parameter is close to zero, and the MSE performance of the MMSE estimator can be improved in the wide region of the noncentrality parameter by the adjustment, ft is also shown that the AMMSE estimator can have the smaller MSE than the PSR estimator in the wide region of the noncentrality parameter

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.