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For spaceborne inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of space targets, the large relative velocity can lead to a significant view angle change between the radar and targets. It also causes the nonlinear high-order time-varying couplings between the velocity and cross range, which can introduce the 2-D spatial-variant errors. However, benefiting from the variability of relative motion states between satellites, these couplings can contribute to an obvious increase in the equivalent rotation angle during a short time interval. Therefore, by effectively utilizing the nonlinear components, a higher cross-range resolution can be achieved to make images contain more information about the target. In this article, a spaceborne ISAR imaging approach for space targets aimed at improving cross-range resolution is proposed. First, the detailed geometry of spaceborne ISAR imaging of space targets is established. Then, the feasibility analysis and the boundary conditions of improving cross-range resolution using the nonlinear terms are presented analytically. According to the given conditions, the cross-range rotation compensation (CRRC) should be accomplished first, and a CRRC method based on the parameter estimation of multiple scatterers is proposed. Subsequently, to maximize the improvement in cross-range resolution, a slow-time nonuniform resampling method with selecting the optimum processing time interval is proposed. Finally, the spaceborne ISAR imaging approach for space targets is proposed. The approach can simultaneously achieve a higher cross-range resolution and eliminate the azimuth defocusing caused by nonlinear components, enhancing the quality of ISAR images. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through simulation and real data results.

Amidst increasing global attention on corporate environmental responsibility, the impact of carbon emission disclosure on financial outcomes remains a pertinent question. Existing literature suggests that transparency in carbon disclosure can influence investor perception and capital costs, yet detailed mechanisms and broader economic implications are less understood. In this study, using data from Chinese publicly traded companies from 2017 to 2022, we investigate how carbon emission disclosure affects the implied cost of capital, with a focus on the mediating role of stock liquidity. Our findings reveal that enhanced transparency in carbon reporting significantly lowers the implied cost of capital by improving stock liquidity, a previously underexplored channel. This effect is particularly pronounced in sectors with high carbon footprints and within regions emphasizing sustainable finance policies. The results underscore the economic benefits of environmental transparency, suggesting that robust disclosure practices can serve as a strategic tool for firms to reduce financing costs while contributing to broader sustainability goals.

Background:Non-Dairy (ND) food consumption is rapidly increasing in the UK and for many consumers plant-based diets are presumed to be healthier than standard diets. ND alternatives have different nutritional compositions, and their consumption could present challenges on a public-health level. Aim:To compare the price and nutritional composition of dairy and ND milks and cheeses in UK supermarkets. Methods:Macro and micronutrient data was recorded from Alpro's website and the 6 leading UK grocers for their own-label ND milks and cheeses. For missing micronutrient values the McCance & Widdowson's dataset was used. 99 total products were extracted: 57 ND milks, 7 dairy milks, 10 dairy cheeses and 25 ND cheeses. Dairy milk and cheese were used as control against which all ND products were compared. Results:Soya and coconut milks had lower values of carbohydrates, sugars, calcium, iodine, and potassium (p< 0.01) than dairy. Almond milk had lower values of carbohydrates (p= 0.01), sugars, calcium, iodine, and potassium (p< 0.01) compared to dairy milk. Protein was significantly (p< 0.01) lower for all ND except soya. Dairy cheeses had higher values for energy, protein, iodine, potassium, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and calcium (p< 0.01) than ND. Median prices were similar between dairy and ND milks, whereas ND cheeses were significantly more expensive compared to dairy (p< 0.01). Conclusions:ND alternatives fall short in several key nutrients compared to dairy. Fortification, accurate labelling and nutrition education are needed to help consumers make healthy and informed choices.

Rosemary extract (RE) had strong antioxidant activity which was used as an ideal substitute for antibiotic. However, few studies were explored its effects on fish species. Therefore, present study was conducted to determine the effects of RE on disease-resistance and nutrient metabolism in largemouth bass. Fish with initial body weight 9.07 g ± 0.01 g were fed with diets supplemented with gradient RE levels (0 %, 0.3 %, 0.6 % and 0.9 %) for 8 weeks. Following 8 weeks trial, Edwardsiella tardachallenge test were conducted to explore the ability of disease-resistance. Data on Edwardsiella tardachallenge test showed that all experimental groups exhibited higher survival rate than control group. RE supplementation significantly decreased the Ca2+concentration and apoptosis rate and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in blood cells. Meanwhile, the plasma biochemical indexes of antioxidant, immune response and key regulators in antioxidant, immune response presented an increasing pattern after RE supplementation. The growth trial results showed that visceral adipose index (VAI) and abdominal fat weight (AFW) showed a decreasing trend with the increase of RE addition levels, which further decreased growth performance. Further analyzed the lipid metabolism, we found that dietary RE addition markedly inhibited growth hormone-insulin like growth factor (GH-IGF), target of rapamycin (TOR) signalings and activated amino acid response (AAR) signaling to enhance lipid catabolism. Beyond that, the increased antioxidant capacity in turn reduces muscle cooking loss, hardness and increased muscle cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness. In conclusion, based on immunity, antioxidant capacity, disease-resistance and muscle quality, dietary 0.3–0.6 % RE addition was suggested in aquafeeds.

In this paper, we study certain determinants over finite fields. Let Fqbe the finite field of qelements with qan odd prime power and q≡2(mod3). Let a1,a2,⋯,aq-1be all nonzero elements of Fqand let Tq=1ai2-aiaj+aj21≤i,j≤q-1be a matrix over Fq. We obtain the explicit value of det(Tq). Also, as a consequence of our result, we confirm a conjecture posed by Zhi-Wei Sun.

The perovskite direct current nanogenerator (PDCG) is a novel energy conversion device with remarkable performance and comprehensive prospects. However, the interface of the perovskite Schottky junction still requires further optimization. Herein, an innovative approach by engineering a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) layered structure through phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) modification was introduced This novel modification significantly enhances the triboelectric effects in the Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3/aluminum (CsFAMA/Al) Schottky junction PDCG, featuring a rolling structure. The PEAI-modified PDCG demonstrates a substantial improvement in performance, achieving an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.69 V, and a short circuit current (Isc) of 1.51 mA. Under 3 W illumination, the current density (Jsc) of PDCG with PEAI could achieve 92.81 A/m2, representing a 1.98-fold enhancement, realizing synergistic energy harvesting from mechanical and light energy. Furthermore, the innovative 2D/3D layer design significantly boosts the PDCG’s operational stability, reducing performance degradation. Notably, after a 9 h aging at 100°C, the Iscof the PDCG modified with PEAI maintained 85 % of its original value, a substantial improvement compared to the 68 % retention observed in the unmodified PDCG. The development of PDCG converting mechanical energy directly into direct current (DC) while possessing characteristics of integration and miniaturization, holds significant practical significance.

Premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC), which is involved in kidney fibrosis, is a key event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) in kidney fibrosis and the senescent phenotype of RTEC. DcR2 was specifically expressed in senescent RTEC and associated with kidney fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy and mice with streptozotocin-induced with diabetic nephropathy. Knockdown of DcR2 decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, fibronectin and serum creatinine levels in streptozotocin-induced mice. DcR2 knockdown also inhibited the expression of senescent markers p16, p21, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and promoted the secretion of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype including IL-6, TGF-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in vitroand in vivo. However, DcR2 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Quantitative proteomics and validation studies revealed that DcR2 interacted with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), which regulated the cell cycle and senescence. Knockdown of PRDX1 upregulated p16 and cyclin D1 while downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression in vitro, resulting in RTEC senescence. Furthermore, PRDX1 knockdown promoted DcR2-induced p16, cyclin D1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression, whereas PRDX1 overexpression led to the opposite results. Subsequently, DcR2 regulated PRDX1 phosphorylation, which could be inhibited by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Thus, DcR2 mediated the senescent phenotype of RTEC and kidney fibrosis by interacting with PRDX1. Hence, DcR2 may act as a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy progression.

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in mRNA expression between fresh and frozen–thawed sperm in roosters. In trial 1, gene expression profiles were measured using microarray with Affymetrix GeneChip Chicken Genome Arrays. The results showed that 2,115 genes were differentially expressed between the 2 groups. Among these genes, 2,086 were significantly downregulated and 29 were significantly upregulated in the frozen–thawed sperm group. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that more than 1,000 differentially expressed genes (DEG) of all significantly regulated genes were involved in GO terms including biological processes, molecular function, and cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that DEG were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched on ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome, cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and spliceosome pathways. In trial 2, ejaculated semen was collected from 18 roosters and divided into 5 recombinant HSP90 protein–supplemented groups (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 2 μg/mL) and one control group with no recombinant HSP90 protein supplementation to evaluate the effect of recombinant HSP90 protein in the extender on post-thaw quality of rooster semen. The results showed that post-thaw sperm viability and motility was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the extender containing 0.5 and 1 μg/mL of recombinant HSP90 protein compared with the control. Our preliminary results will provide a valuable basis for understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of cryodamage in frozen–thawed sperm and theoretical guidance to improve the fertility of frozen–thawed chicken sperm.

The P53gene is commonly mutated in breast cancer, protein based the gene as anticancer drugs could provide efficient and stable advantages by restoring the function of the wild-type P53 protein. In this study, we describe the creation and utilization of a micelle composed by natural phycocyanin and paclitaxel and grafting anti-HER2 (PPH), which effectively packages and transports recombinant P53 protein with anti-ER (PE), resulting in a new entity designated as PE@PPH, to address localization obstacles and modify cellular tropism to the cell membrane or nucleus. The results indicate that PE@PPH has strong antitumor properties, even at low doses of PTX both in vitroand in vivo. These findings suggest that PE@PPH could be an enhancing micelle for delivering therapeutic proteins and promoting protein functional recovery, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.

The remarkable potential applications of flexible and wearable devices in the fields of motion monitoring and preventative healthcare have garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, it is still an everlasting challenge to construct flexible sensors with high sensitivity over the detection range for smart wearable devices. Herein, a hierarchically porous sensor using self-foaming silicone rubber is designed and fabricated for motion monitoring and disease diagnosis. By adjusting the foaming formulations, the pore size and pore density could be controlled within a single sensor. This hierarchically porous sensor possesses a gradient compression characteristic, resulting in a remarkable sensitivity of 0.2988 kPa-1in the low-pressure range and a maximum detection pressure of 63.75 kPa. Consequently, it can effectively identify signals from different pressing modes and compression distances. Furthermore, a smart insole is fabricated with a sensor array to provide precise information for motion monitoring and foot disease diagnosis. This work might provide a promising strategy to control foam morphology of pressure sensor, enabling precise pressure perception in the fields of sporting posture assessment, medical diagnosis, and healthcare monitoring.

Recently, Z.-W. Sun proposed the following conjecture: for any odd prime pand positive odd integer m,  1m2m-1(m-1)/22∑k=0(mp-1)/22kk216k-(-1p)∑k=0(m-1)/22kk216k≡0(modp2).In this note, employing the “creative microscoping” method, introduced by Guo and Zudilin, we confirm the above conjecture of Sun, as well as another four similar supercongruences conjectured by Sun.

To improve the imaging speed of a confocal microscope with virtual structured detection, we have designed an optical system with rigid coordination control of the CCD, galvanometer scanner, and laser diode. In this system, the width of the coherent transfer function expands, which enhances the lateral resolution by a factor of 1.4. Also, the temporal image sequence is transformed to a spatial one so that multiple images can be acquired during a single exposure period of the CCD. This method increases the system imaging speed 25-fold at least, and an even higher speed can be achieved by further increasing the number of spots recorded during a single exposure period.

In 2003, Fernando Rodriguez-Villegas discovered four supercongruences modulo p2(pan odd prime) for truncated 2F1hypergeometric series related to Calabi–Yau manifolds of dimension d=1. These four supercongruences were confirmed by Mortenson using Gaussian hypergeometric series and the p-adic Gamma function. q-Analogues of Rodriguez-Villegas’ supercongruences were later established by Guo–Zeng and Guo–Pan–Zhang. In this paper, employing the ‘creative microscoping’ method developed by Guo–Zudilin, we give further extensions of these four q-supercongruences, which can also be considered as q-analogues of four supercongruences obtained by Liu. For example, we prove that, for all positive odd integers mand n, modulo Φn(q)2, ∑k=0(mn-1)/2(q;q2)k2(q2;q2)k2q2k≡(-1)(n-1)/2q(n2-1)/4∑k=0(m-1)/2(qn2;q2n2)k2(q2n2;q2n2)k2q2n2k,where (a;q)n=(1-a)(1-aq)⋯(1-aqn-1)and Φn(q)is the n-th cyclotomic polynomial in q.

This study's objective was to investigate the effects of dietary Se (in the form of selenomethionine) on the antioxidant activity and selenoprotein gene expressions in layer breeder roosters. One hundred and eighty, 36-wk-old Jingfen layer breeder roosters were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg Se) for 6 wk on a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein gene expressions were assessed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that Se supplementation significantly increased the activity of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and superoxide anion scavenging ability in plasma (P≤ 0.05), and activities of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, superoxide anion scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability in the liver, kidney, and testis (P< 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly reduced in plasma, liver, kidney, and testis (P< 0.01), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary administration of Se significantly increased TrxR2 and GPx4 mRNA levels in kidney and testis, and ID1 mRNA levels in liver and kidney. Most of the antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein-related gene expressions significantly increased, and MDA significantly decreased at dietary supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg Se. Whereas a higher dose of Se level (1 or 2 mg/kg) inhibited the activities of some of the antioxidant enzymes and selenoprotein-related gene expressions in selected tissues. In conclusion, dietary Se supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg significantly improved roosters’ antioxidant status and selenoprotein-related gene expression in liver, kidney, and testis, while higher doses led to inhibit these; dietary Se might increase reproductive performance by enhancing their antioxidant status in roosters.

Cryopreservation of rooster sperm leads to relatively low semen quality due to cytoskeletal damage during the freeze-thawing process. This study aimed to explore how the addition of RhoA recombinant protein affected the viability and subcellular structure of rooster sperm after freeze-thawing and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of sperm cryopreservation. Semen quality and acrosome integrity testing revealed that the addition of 0.5 μg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotectant fluid significantly increased sperm motility, survival rate, linearity, straight-line velocity, and acrosome integrity after freeze-thawing (P< 0.05). Ultrastructure analysis of cryopreserved sperm showed structural damage to the sperm plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, and tail. However, compared to the control, these structural changes were reduced upon the addition of RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid (P< 0.05). Western blotting revealed that the expression of Rho/RhoA-associated kinase and p-cofilin was increased, and cofilin expression was decreased after sperm cryopreservation with recombinant RhoA protein. Treatment with Y-27632, a ROCK antagonist, suppressed ROCK and p-cofilin expression and decreased semen quality, acrosome integrity, and ultrastructure integrity. In summary, we have demonstrated a cryoprotective effect in spermatozoa involving the Rho/ROCK pathway during freeze-thawing. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 μg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid improved rooster semen quality and subcellular structural homeostasis after freeze-thawing via the Rho/ROCK pathway. This pathway may regulate the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the cofilin phosphorylation.

According to the plastic floor assumptions, the floor pressure distribution law was obtained based on plane force analysis of hydraulic support. In order to compare the floor pressure on the elastic floor and plastic floor, Elastic foundation beam theory was introduced to the calculation of the floor pressure. The results show that the pressure distribution is changed with the changing of the subgrade coefficient. The pressure is trapezoidal distributed when the floor is relatively soft and the plastic floor assumptions is reasonable. In a relatively hard rock floor, the maximum pressure appear near the column nest which is very different from the calculation results based on the plastic base plate assumptions. It is suggested that the soft and the hard rock floor should be treated differently during the design and selection of hydraulic support. .

Genetic programming is an evolutionary algorithm that proposed to solve the automatic computer program design problem by J.R.Koza in the 1990s. It has good universality and intelligence, and has been widely applied in the field of computer engineering. But genetic programming is essentially a stochastic optimization algorithm, lack theoretic basis on the convergence of algorithm, which limit the scope of its application in some extent. The convergence mechanism of non-elitist genetic programming was studied in this paper. A recursive estimation of the probability of population contains satisfactory solution with the evolution algebra was established by the analysis of operators characteristic parameters, then a sufficient condition of population converge in probability was derived from this estimation, and thereby some operational convergence strategies for many common evolution modes were provided.

Subscript textSubscript textEr2O3、Tm2O3 and Yb2O3 films were deposited on Si (100) and quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron technique. The energy gaps of the films were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical methods. The energy gaps of Er2O3、Tm2O3 and Yb2O3 are found to be 6.3±0.1、5.8±0.1 and 7.1±0.1 eV by optical measurements. For XPS measurements, the energy gaps of the films are 6.2±0.2、6.0±0.2 and 6.9±0.2 eV, respectively. The results show that using XPS to measure the energy gap of rare earth metal oxide film is feasible in an allowable deviation.

The memory characteristics of Ni-NiOx core-shell nanocrystals (NCs) in the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor structure were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirm the formation of the spherically shaped, well isolated, and uniformly distributed Ni NCs surrounded by NiOx (~1nm) in SiO2 gate oxide. The Ni-NiOx NCs embedded in SiO2 exhibited a large memory window of 9.8 V as well as efficient programming/erasing speed and improved retention characteristics of about 10 years. A possible band model needed for injection efficiency of carriers was given by considering the electron/hole barrier width and the additional interface states through the NiOx shell layer.

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) has an important function in blood pressure regulation. ACEinhibitory peptides can lower blood pressure by inhibiting ACE activity. In this investigation, water-soluble proteins were extracted from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and hydrolyzed by yeast protein extraction enzyme to isolate ACEinhibitory peptides. Peptides with ACE-inhibitory activity were further separated and purified by ultrafiltration and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). A hexapeptide, Thr-Pro-Thr-Gln-Gln-Ser, with a calculated molecular weight of 660Da, was purified and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The hexapeptide showed remarkable ACE-inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 73.25 μg/mL. The level of ACE-inhibitory activity of the hexapeptide indicated that it is a good candidate for development of a hypotension drug or functional food.

Guo and Zudilin (Adv Math, 346: 329–358, 2019) introduced a new method called ‘creative microscoping’, to prove many q-supercongruences in a unified way. In this paper, we apply this method and Watson’s 8ϕ7transformation formula to prove two q-supercongruences, which were recently conjectured by Guo and Schlosser.

Thermal diffusivities of three kinds of ferroelectric materials were measured by a computerized laser thermal conductivity measurement apparatus. From the data thus obtained, their phase transitions were discussed.