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Background Our study aims to examine the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the combined scale Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) among people with HIV (PWH) in Vietnam.Methods Baseline data from an alcohol-reduction intervention trial among ART clients in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam were used for this analysis (n= 1547). A score ≥10 on the PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-ADS scale was considered having clinically meaningful depression, anxiety and distress symptoms. Factor structure of the combined PHQ-ADS scale was validated using confirmatory factor analysis, and three models were tested: a one-factor, a two-factor, and a bi-factor model. Reliability and construct validity were examined.Results The prevalence of clinically meaningful depression and anxiety symptoms was 7% and 2%, respectively, while 19% had distress symptoms. A bi-factor model had the best fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98). The Omega index of the bi-factor model was 0.97. The scale showed good construct validity through negative associations between depression, anxiety, distress symptoms and quality of life.Conclusions Our study supports the use of a combined scale to measure general distress for PWH, which has good validity, reliability and is unidimensional enough to justify the use of a composite depression and anxiety score.

Background HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have disproportionately affected communities of men who have sex with men (MSM). We describe HIV and STI prevalence and testing patterns among urban Vietnamese MSM.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study of MSM in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2016. Participants self-reported experiences of social stigma in healthcare settings and previous HIV and STI testing. STI testing included HIV, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.Results 205 MSM participated in the study. STI prevalence was HIV (10%), HSV-2 (4%), syphilis (13%), gonorrhea (34%), and chlamydia (19%). More than half (55%) of participants tested positive for at least one STI. Most participants had been previously tested for HIV or another STI (72%), with 24% previously receiving a positive result. Perceived and enacted social stigma in healthcare contexts was negatively associated with previous HIV or STI testing (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–0.48).Discussion High prevalence of STIs was observed among Vietnamese MSM, and perceived and enacted stigma was related to HIV and STI testing. Our findings reaffirm the importance of regular STI screening among this population as well as additional outreach to promote safe HIV and STI healthcare engagement.

Implementation strategies are systematic approaches to improve the uptake and sustainability of evidence-based interventions. They frequently focus on changing provider behavior through the provision of interventions such as training, coaching, and audit-and-feedback. Implementation strategies often impact intermediate behavioral outcomes like provider guideline adherence, in turn improving patient outcomes. Fidelity of implementation strategy delivery is defined as the extent to which an implementation strategy is carried out as it was designed. Implementation strategy fidelity measurement is under-developed and under-reported, with the quality of reporting decreasing over time. Benefits of fidelity measurement include the exploration of the extent to which observed effects are moderated by fidelity, and critical information about Type-III research errors, or the likelihood that null findings result from implementation strategy fidelity failure. Reviews of implementation strategy efficacy often report wide variation across studies, commonly calling for increased implementation strategy fidelity measurement to help explain variations. Despite the methodological benefits of rigorous fidelity measurement, implementation researchers face multi-level challenges and complexities. Challenges include the measurement of a complex variable, multiple data collection modalities with varying precision and costs, and the need for fidelity measurement to change in-step with adaptations. In this position paper, we weigh these costs and benefits and ultimately contend that implementation strategy fidelity measurement and reporting should be improved in trials of implementation strategies. We offer pragmatic solutions for researchers to make immediate improvements like the use of mixed methods or innovative data collection and analysis techniques, the inclusion of implementation strategy fidelity assessment in reporting guidelines, and the staged development of fidelity tools across the evolution of an implementation strategy. We also call for additional research into the barriers and facilitators of implementation strategy fidelity measurement to further clarify the best path forward.Implementation strategy fidelity, or the extent to which an implementation strategy is carried out as it was designed, is under-developed and under-reported, and the quality of reporting is decreasing over time. This position paper describes the costs and benefits of implementation strategy fidelity. We ultimately call for the continuation and improvement of implementation strategy fidelity measurement while offering pragmatic solutions to noted challenges. Future research is needed regarding the barriers and facilitators to implementation strategy fidelity measurement and reporting, the costs and cost-benefits of implementation strategy fidelity measurement, and the relationship between implementation strategy fidelity and implementation and clinical outcomes.

Abstract We present a novel method for patching holes in polygonal meshes and synthesizing surfaces with details based on existing geometry. The most novel feature of our proposed method is that we transform the 3D geometry synthesis problem into a 2D domain by parameterizing surfaces and solve this problem in that domain. We then derive local geometry gradient images that encode intrinsic local geometry properties, which are invariant to object translation and rotation. The 3D geometry of holes is then reconstructed from synthesized local gradient images. This method can be extended to execute other mesh editing operations such as geometry detail transfer or synthesis. The resulting major benefits of performing geometry synthesis in 2D are more flexible and robust control, better leveraging of the wealth of current 2D image completion methods, and greater efficiency.

Abstract We present a novel method for cutting out 3D volumetric structures based on simple strokes that are drawn directly on volume rendered images. The freehand strokes roughly mark out objects of interest and background. Our system then automatically segments the regions of interest and refines their boundaries in the rendered image. These 2D segmentation results provide constraints for 3D segmentation in the volume dataset. The objects of interest are then efficiently cut out from the volume via a combination of our novel two-pass graph cuts algorithm and the pre-computed over-segmentation. Our method improves traditional, fully automatic segmentation by involving human users in the process, yet minimizing user input and providing timely feedback. Our experiments show that our method extracts volumetric structures precisely and efficiently while requiring little skill or effort from the user.