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This article describes an emergent innovation ecosystem in the southern Indian state of Kerala. In contrast to a dominant national imagination of start-ups in India as spaces for the development of novel products with high economic potential, we suggest that start-ups in Kerala exhibit a tendency towards 'social innovation', that is, start-ups that are strongly oriented by the goal of addressing particular societal needs in addition to being successful on the market. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with start-up founders and other related stakeholders, as well as media and documentary analysis, we highlight in this essay key characteristics of social innovation in Kerala, including their reliance on tech-fix approaches. We also highlight the central role of the Kerala Start-up Mission (KSUM), a state-sponsored nodal agency, as a crucial enabler and shaper of the state's innovation ecosystem. We further suggest that even as this innovation ecosystem is able to address important societal concerns, it nonetheless bypasses underlying social structures that produce them in the first place. Building on the work of sociologist Cornelius Schubert, we argue that it is analytically productive to interpret social innovation in Kerala as an instance of 'disruptive maintenance'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Established companies often engage with startups as a way to improve their innovation performance. While there has been extensive discussion on the reasons, modes, and expected outcomes of these initiatives, there is still a need to understand more about how corporate engagements with startups (CEwS) evolve and how they can enhance a company's innovation capability. This study proposes a framework of engagement strategies, discussing their purposes and implications to understand the subject better. Design/methodology/approach: This study involved managers from twelve large, established companies across various sectors. The authors used a multicase approach to analyze their experiences and offer a framework for corporate-startup engagement. Findings: The framework for corporate-startup engagement consists of four main strategies: (1) innovative improvement, (2) R&D expansion, (3) more value to corporate venture capital and (4) ecosystem articulation. The authors found that ecosystem articulation, which combines the potentials of the other three strategies, is the most sophisticated approach. Originality/value: This study offers a systematic view of the CEwS phenomenon, identifying the various modes of engagement, the reasons for adopting each one and potential ways to advance and improve them. For managers, the study reveals the CEwS as a lever to build innovation capabilities over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Start-ups are pivotal to economic development and innovation, yet many face failure, often due to limited access to finance. Venture capital emerges as a crucial funding source, yet only a slim fraction of start-ups seeking such investments succeed. This research delves into the allure of venture capital for start-ups and the challenges they encounter in securing funding. Additionally, it explores the perspectives of venture capitalists, identifying key factors influencing their investment decisions. Through a blend of primary and secondary research, including a survey completed by 107 venture capitalists from the author's LinkedIn network, this study offers descriptive insights into the venture capital landscape. The findings underscore the significance of growth potential, industry knowledge, risk mitigation, the ability to secure substantial funding, and increased visibility as factors making venture capital appealing to start-ups. From the venture capitalists' viewpoint, the pivotal elements shaping investment decisions include the quality of the management team, founders' experience and expertise, financial projections, product scalability, and industry attractiveness. Notably, the application of the Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks revealed statistically significant differences in the prioritization of these factors, highlighting the nuanced criteria venture capitalists employ in their evaluations. Conversely, the impact of winning prestigious grants appeared minimal, while specialized skills, education, and referrals held moderate importance. This research offers valuable guidance for start-ups, providing a clearer understanding of the criteria emphasized by venture capitalists. Armed with this knowledge, start-ups can refine their strategies to align more closely with investors' priorities, potentially enhancing their prospects of obtaining venture capital funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the global economy has been led by big tech companies based on technology startups. In this situation, it is very timely to investigate the antecedent factors for the performance enhancement of technology startups that can play a big role in driving economic growth. We investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and technology acquisition on the financial and non-financial performance of technology startups. In order to achieve these research goals, we collected data from 121 Korean technology startups to examine the effects. Our results support that both entrepreneurial orientation and technology acquisition improve the performance (financial and non-financial) of technology startups. In addition, the entrepreneurial orientation of technology startups has a significant indirect effect on performance (financial and non-financial) through technology acquisition. Overall, our study contributes to improving the understanding of the antecedent factors for the achievement of the performance of technology startups in the field of entrepreneurship research by presenting a new research model of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, technology acquisition and the performance of technology startups. In addition, this study provides the basis for the need for technology acquisition support policies for technology startup support institutions to nurture technology startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the impact of adopting fintech solutions in HR. The efficiency of HR processes plays a vital role in the overall effectiveness of human resources management. The findings indicated that the efficiency of HR processes impact on adoption of Fintech solutions. Also, the findings confirm that employee experience significantly impacts adoption of Fintech solutions. in addition, the findings revealed a substantial impact of data security and Privacy on Adoption of Fintech Solutions. Moreover, the findings highlight the potential of fintech to improve the efficiency of HR processes. By leveraging fintech solutions, organizations can automate manual tasks, streamline workflows, and enhance data accuracy, leading to time and cost savings. Secondly, the integration of fintech in HR has the potential to enhance the employee experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information -- Wissenschaft und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, businesses are considered the main factor in improving the country’s economy and creating employment through the implementation of policies that foster entrepreneurship and the establishment of supportive institutions. Therefore, the current research seeks to identify factors that affect the development of IT-based platform services. In this research, a questionnaire based on the fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the factors. The statistical population of this research consists of 20 managers, professors, specialists, and experts who are associated with start-up companies. Due to the small size of the population, the entire population was considered as a sample. In this research, the influential factors were identified using the fuzzy Delphi method. The results of the research showed that providing access to financial resources is the most important factor affecting the development of IT-based platform services. On the other hand, improving the entrepreneurial environment through the establishment of laws is considered the least important factor in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the path of approach, knowledge and development of awareness relating to digitisation and digitalisation processes identifiable as the cultural heritage (CH) of digital transformation (DT). The state-of-the-art contemporary cultural scenario is outlined uninterruptedly, constantly comparing academic reality and the cultural and creative sectors. Pros and cons are analysed to outline good practices for the innovative production of digital cultural artefacts and proposals. Finally, two suggestions concerning digital education and the creation of user-centred digital products are briefly described as services of a newborn start-up CRHACK LAB Bari - Officine di Cultura Digitale providing, representing the end of three years of PhD research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization and development of online health service platforms have flourished in recent years. Unfortunately, the vast majority of those online health service start-ups surprisingly do not survive for a long time. For this reason, it is significant to investigate why some online medical service platforms have sustained, whereas others have not. Specifically, in this study we investigate the patient's journey of undergoing the optimal service configuration of online health service platforms. With the single service level, we propose a frequency – rarity framework to analyze the importance of individual services, whereas at the multiple service level, we adopt the rule of service chain continuity to analyze the service configuration strategy. Further, a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis based on the 14 most influential online health service platforms in China confirms the proposed research hypotheses. We employ a special dataset (i.e. telecom system logs of 2,000 randomly selected 4 G Internet users) to assess and investigate the performance of the online health service platforms. The obtained results suggest the configurations that lead to high customer retention may require the presence of at least one of the high-frequency services (i.e. health information or e-consultation), whereas the configurations that lead to a high customer acquisition may require the presence of at least one of the high rarity services (i.e. e-consultation or online pre-registration). The continuity of the service chain has proved to be essential for both high customer retention and high customer acquisition. In addition, the basic services at the beginning of the service chain are deemed to be vital for high customer acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Start-ups are crucial for fostering innovation and driving progress in various countries. They are newly established businesses or extensions of existing enterprises with innovative ideas. Start-ups play a significant role in disruptive innovation and have gained attention with the rise of digital technologies. Governments and local authorities support start-up ecosystems through policies, funding, infrastructure, and mentorship programs, which leads to increased innovation and economic growth. Universities also play a significant part in promoting start-ups. Different countries have different approaches to start-up policies, influenced by ideology and national priorities. Case studies from Australia, Thailand, China, South Korea, India, Brazil, and Vietnam highlight the evolution and challenges of start-up ecosystems in these countries. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyses the dynamics of start-up growth in Brazil highlighting the role of government, companies, venture capital and the innovation system in start-up policy. The most significant recent change in the Brazilian start-up ecosystem was the rise of growth-oriented entrepreneurship and start-ups. The 2021 Brazilian Legal Framework of Start-ups and Innovative Entrepreneurship is a milestone as it establishes mechanisms for the acquisition of products/services by the government provided by start-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on science, technology and innovation policy (STI policy) in Vietnam has mainly focused on the role of government and business—the two main groups of social actors shaping the development of the Government. From the cultural perspective of STI policy, the article analyses the interactions between four policy cultures representing four groups of social actors (academic, state, business and civil society) that affect the formation and development of STI policy in Vietnam through four stages of development. From there, the article provides a general picture of the role of four groups of policy actors involved in the policymaking process, considering aspects including: (a) the nature of the policy; (b) policy objectives; (c) policy makers; (d) policy instruments; (e) policy specificity and (f) group of agents representing policy culture. Next, the article analyses the formation and development of an innovation-based startup ecosystem that represents the concerns of a third policy culture—an economic policy culture. Finally, the article proposes some initial recommendations to promote the interaction between the components of the STI ecosystem, especially those related to the innovation-based startup ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China plays the dominant role of the 'whole nation system', improves start-ups and innovation ecosystems and creates development cornerstone for building an innovative and scientifically advanced country. China strengthens the supply of key innovative factors such as policies, talents and fund and consolidate foundation for building a national innovation ecosystem to provide institutional guarantee for start-up enterprises. Besides, a 'four-chain integration' innovative service system is built combining 'innovation chain', 'industrial chain', 'capital chain' and 'service chain' and creates an innovative microecology with start-up characteristics. Regional innovation policy is the catalyst for start-ups. China's start-ups fully integrate into the national grand strategy and target planning of the region and city, strengthen synergy and interaction of national and regional resources and closely connect the core strategies and industries of the city or region to develop start-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the evolution of startup ecosystem development in Thailand from the early 2010s to the beginning of 2020s. We summarise our findings and provide critical analyses about the innovation development in Thailand, using internal and external sources of information about Thailand's innovation strategies, policies, and case studies. We also include macro-level national policies and changes in the government that affect the foundation of Thailand's startup ecosystem, including the mechanisms that drive the growth of the ecosystem. We argue for the decentralisation of innovation policies and ecosystems to help navigate through new challenges and uncertainties, for the recovery of socio-economic factors. Different types and examples of startups that are key to the decentralisation of innovations in Thailand are also explained and illustrated. Impediments and caveats of innovation ecosystem development in Thailand are discussed, pointing the directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, startups are achieving innovation differently from traditional companies based on quick application of new technologies, promptness in decision-making, and active risk-taking. In this background, the startup innovation ecosystem (SIE) is defined as a system of innovation actors and influencing factors and their relationship, affecting innovation-based startup activities and their performance. SIE is distinct from the traditional national innovation system (NIS) and has an impact on NIS and government policy, co-evolving in the time. This study investigated how the Korean government, which is experiencing the R&D paradox of high R&D investment but low productivity, seeks to change the NIS by developing the SIE. According to our analytical framework of the SIE, Korea's SIE is analysed in terms of startups, technology/knowledge, training/human capital, finance, infrastructure, and globalisation. In particular, the evolutionary process of startups-related policies is explained with several specific examples of policy programmes. It is found that Korea's SIE has achieved unique development, with the government's active supporting policy for startups, and has produced a big positive impact on Korea's NIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study maps the evolution of the Australian start-up and innovation ecosystem by exploring policy developments and mapping the key actors, activities, and artefacts. This study unpacks policy developments over the past two decades to show the government's role in shaping the innovation ecosystem and the implications for start-ups. We outline the ecosystem's key actors, including start-ups, scale-ups, support organisations, investors, research institutions, and their growth over time. We examine the artefacts of the ecosystem to understand start-up and innovation performance in a global context. We also explore the activities of the ecosystem in terms of collaboration, research, and development. The study concludes with a discussion of policy gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research conducted an investigation into existing collaboration and engagement models on a global scale, with a specific focus on supporting collaboration among government, academic institution and IT start-ups. Authors employed an iterative literature search methodology within an agile framework, centering on three main areas of study: Government Collaboration with Startups, Collaboration or Engagement Models, and Key Success Factors in Collaboration. In total, 50 articles from both academic and industry sources were initially reviewed, leading to the identification of 14 relevant resources. Interestingly, the resulting categorization using taxonomy approach revealed five distinct collaboration models: Government-based collaboration, bricolage-based resource co-management, a model of Collaboration Enterprise Network, Academic/University-based collaboration, and Community-powered & entrepreneurial co-creation. After that, authors were able to define engagement models which consists of Values and Principles, Actors and Major Steps to create value co-creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing economies often struggle with limited resources and personnel, making market validation for startups a challenge. Existing validation methods can be costly and complicated, requiring significant time and resources. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing a web-based market validation tool for startups. Results showed that the tool was well received by respondents, with the majority finding it easy to use and navigate. Additionally, respondents rated the tool as highly valuable for their startup process. This study highlights the potential benefits of web-based market validation tools for startups in developing economies, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As start-up companies may leverage information spreading through Instagram's hashtag-setting, algorithms in influence maximization can be encoded. The objective is to find a maximum impact which can activate users in spreading advertisement marketing campaign through social network. This paper contributes an influence analysis on Instagram and reproduces it into a hashtag network by transforming postings with hashtag interdependence. In finding optimal paths such network structure with influence probabilities, we employ Floyd-Warshall algorithm under uncertainty. The technique is simulated on Indonesian FnB unicorn company and demonstrated in numerical example. The result shows that the hashtag #promokopi may impact the most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a student-faculty research collaboration that examines the landscape in which small business owners, startups and entrepreneurs operate within the U.S. State of Maine with the aim of bringing invaluable insight and creating awareness. Supporting small business is a salient topic for local economic development councils, governments, and agencies. A survey was conducted and distributed to small business owners and entrepreneurs to gather their perspectives and opinions. One finding is that there are significant gaps in awareness with regards to support entities and their associated programs in general. Another finding is that survivorship bias has a large presence in the data collected previously by other agencies as well as by the data collected by the study. Finally, sustainable recommendations are suggested which, when implemented by the state of Maine as well as by municipalities, counties, or regional development boards, governments, and business support organizations, will increase the efficacy of existing policy and create a more cohesive, diverse, equitable, inclusive, resilient, and robust small business, startup, and entrepreneurship community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent acceleration in AI adoption and significant investments being made by many countries, the concern regarding the AI divide is becoming increasingly prevalent. We attempt to determine whether countries that have fallen behind in AI development can catch up to those leading the charge over time. Specifically, this study examines the dynamics of the AI divide on AI investments, robotics, AI start-ups, and AI patents in 34–57 countries, analyzing the data sets from Stanford AI Index Report, World Robotics Report, and the OECD Statistics website. We have used the methods of the relative AI divide (RAID) and absolute AI divide (AAID) for the two categories of income and adoption levels. Also, we have tested both γ convergence for the AI divide and σ convergence for the divide over time. We find that for all four AI categories, the relative AI divide between the leading and lagging countries has narrowed rapidly and the divide between the high- and middle-income subgroups has also narrowed at a slower pace. In terms of the micro convergence analysis of the AI divides for individual countries within the respective income and adoption subgroups, a change in the active ranking among countries was evident in nearly all of the subgroups. This study contributes to the literature by presenting not only the absolute AI divide but also the relative AI divide clarifying the changing trends systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the popularity of businesses in rural environments, research on rural entrepreneurship is still sparse. Little is known about the operational performance of new rural ventures, which is a fundamental aspect for the competitiveness of any business. This research evaluates operational performance outcomes in rural entrepreneurship - Delivery, Flexibility, Production Cost, Product Quality. The results show that the ventures have a high performance in delivery and product quality, and medium performance in flexibility and cost of production. These findings can be useful to rural entrepreneurs and policy makers to improve operational performance and competitiveness. This article sheds light on the understanding of operational performance in rural entrepreneurship and provides valuable findings that can direct future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State of Israel is currently considered a "start-up nation" that stands out in the proportion of educated people with a tertiary education (which currently stands at 50.1% compared to OECD countries at 38.6%), which constitutes an essential and central growth engine in the entire Israeli economy. two years ago, on 12/03/2020, As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, the higher education system moved to a state of online emergency teaching in which educational and organizational processes were accelerated. The purpose of this research is to discuss how the higher education system in Israel is dealing with the systemic changes that have been made over the past three years While referring to the role of the institutions to equip the graduates with the skills and characteristics necessary to strengthen the status of Israel's "start-up nation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Ahlstrom and Lee argue for a more inclusive approach to entrepreneurship research, moving beyond the focus on high-growth firms. They highlight the contributions of a diverse range of entrepreneurial firms to economies and societies. The authors suggest that scholars should study a broader spectrum of entrepreneurial firms, explore different entrepreneurial behaviors, and examine various contexts and conditions. They emphasize the importance of a comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurship in fostering economic growth and addressing societal challenges. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This research aims to theorize how a critical factor, resource access, can paradoxically impact the comprehensiveness of venture location decision processes and the relationship between decision comprehensiveness and new venture performance. To do so, the authors focus on nascent entrepreneurs' venture location decision processes and introduce resource access as a double-edged sword. Design/methodology/approach: In this conceptual article, the authors draw from the strategic decision-making and resource mobilization literature to theorize about the new venture location decision-making process and its performance implications. Findings: By uncovering the paradox of resource access, the authors propose that high levels of resource access create a paradoxical situation in which nascent entrepreneurs are less likely to use comprehensive decision processes when their benefits are at their greatest. Originality/value: This work contributes to entrepreneurship research on new venture location and resource mobilization in three important ways. First, the authors advance the literature on nascent entrepreneurs' location decision-making processes by introducing "location decision comprehensiveness" as a decision process construct and juxtaposing it with resource access to uncover the entrepreneurial decision-making process. Second, the authors develop a more nuanced theorization of the location choices made by nascent entrepreneurs instead of relying on generalized conclusions drawn from well-established corporations' location decisions. Last, the authors extend the literature on resource mobilization in entrepreneurship by shedding light on the paradoxical aspect of resource access. While previous research has emphasized the favorable effects of resource access on new venture processes and outcomes, the authors contend that it can also negatively impact entrepreneurs' ability to make effective decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Alcance is the property of Revista Alcance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims to examine the evolving retail sector in recent years, specifically how digitalisation and technological innovations have transformed it. All actors have had to adapt to remain competitive. Notably, a new innovation in the retail sector, namely the checkout-free or cashierless store, emerged in 2018. Systematic literature is relied upon to achieve the study's objectives. The significance of this study lies in the use of multiple IT tools such as AI, cameras, sensors, and self-organising shelves to replace human intervention in the retail sector. Globally, several startup companies have developed this new unmanned solution, and Amazon Go stands out as one of the most well-known among them. The primary objective of this pioneering concept is to enhance efficiency by saving time and reducing queues. The aim is to enable customers to enter and exit the store with minimal human contact as quickly as possible. This paper presents the recent trend of the cashierless concept, its evolution, and proliferation. A systematic literature review and data analysis from the Crunchbase Database were conducted. The findings demonstrate that this recent concept is altering both consumers' purchasing behaviours and companies' business models. This paper provides novel perspectives and insights into the wider literature on cashierless concepts and smart retail in the context of digital business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road to entrepreneurship is sometimes a bumpy one, full of unexpected detours, obstacles and dead ends. There have been cases where after many sleepless nights, plans didn't work out, funding didn't materialise and customers never materialised. Starting a business is so difficult that one might question why anyone would want to embark on such a path. Despite these difficulties, thousands of people embark on the entrepreneurial journey every day, determined to realise their vision and meet the needs of society. They open concrete businesses, launch technology startups or turn ideas into new products or services. So if there is the right motivation and inspiration, and the right game plan, then anyone can become a successful entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs identify a need that cannot be met by existing businesses and determine a solution to that need. Entrepreneurship involves developing and starting a new business and implementing a business marketing plan, often with the ultimate goal of selling the business for profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between perceived intention (perceived feasibility and perceived desirability), goal and implementation intentions and entrepreneurial behavior of final-year students in Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong Province, Dong Nai Province and Ba Ria Vung Tau Province. Vietnamese schools and the government both provide support to students who desire to set up a business. Design/Methodology/Approach: The relationship between perceived intention (perceived feasibility and perceived desirability), goal, implementation intentions and entrepreneurial behavior was determined by the 368 students who have been starting the business using the AMOS-SEM estimation method. Findings: The result shows that perceived feasibility and perceived desirability have positively influenced goal and implementation intentions and goal and implementation intentions have positively impacted entrepreneurial behaviour. Conclusion: In this study, entrepreneurial behaviour is directly explained by two factors, namely goal and implementation intention. It is also indirectly defined by perceived feasibility and desirability. Practical Implications: The study's findings have implications for both university and student policies. Entrepreneurial ideas and implementation intentions have an impact on behavior. Limitations: Convenient sampling in this study could potentially impact the accuracy of the outcomes in terms of representation. Contribution to Literature: This study extends the Event Entrepreneur model (EEM) by adding the implementation intention factor into the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the internationalization of technology startups in Latin America. The study analyzed 121 startups from five countries using a quantitative approach and data was collected from the Crunchbase platform. Results indicate that Argentinean, Chilean, and Colombian startups have faster internationalization trajectories than their Brazilian and Mexican counterparts, which tend to remain local during initial stages following the Uppsala model pattern. Our study on startup internationalization in Latin America yielded comparable results to big tech companies from these countries. However, we noticed that Mexican startups have better access to financial support receiving double the investment compared to other organizations. These finding provide valuable insights into promotive international entrepreneurship in emerging countries and can inform public policy accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The increasing amount of unemployment of university graduates has set off an increase in entrepreneurship studies. Unfortunately, student entrepreneurship has been neglected in bringing out the innovativeness of creating startups business, including less attention to students' fields of science. To fill this gap, the application of experiential learning (EL) model is an alternative. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Kolb's EL model and field of study groups on student innovativeness in creating startups business at universities in Indonesia. Methodology: A quantitative approach of quasi-experimental type was used in this study, with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The research sample comprised active students who were enrolled in entrepreneurship courses, identified through stratified random sampling. A project-based assessment tool was used as the research instrument, based on indicators of innovativeness in creating start-ups business which met validity and reliability. All data were analyzed statistically, namely descriptive statistics and comparative analysis. Findings: The results showed that there was some effect of Kolb's EL model on student innovativeness and its interaction with the student's field of study group on student innovativeness. Implications for Research and Practice: This study illustrates that the EL aspect has a strong theoretical framework for entrepreneurship learning, therefore, it needs to expand through further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, the number of businesses with a market value of one billion USD or more has significantly grown. Aided by new technology and business models, these businesses are a major part of our lives. This discussion explores various startup business types such as unicorns that evolve into billion-dollar ventures, high growth gazelle business that increase their revenue at least 20 percent annually, and dragons that not only have high growth but attain dominance in their industry. The technology employed by these startups in their growth process together with their management and business organizations are presented. A discussion of selected unicorns together with their innovative technology and entrepreneur leadership help to explain the fast-growing startup's success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superior stability and rapidity of the speed output of the bulb tubular turbine generator unit (BTTGU) plays an important role for safe operation of water turbine in hydropower. In order to improve the stability and rapidity performance mentioned above, an implicit generalized predictive control-based fractional-order PID (FOPID-IGPC) control strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the improved gravitational search algorithm is used to obtain the model parameters; secondly, the fractional-order PID (FOPID) algorithm and the implicit generalized predictive control (IGPC) algorithm are combined to construct a FOPID-IGPC controller for manipulating BTTGU. Meanwhile, the proposed FOPID-IGPC control strategy is designed systematically. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation scenarios, including start-up, frequency tracking and rotational speed disturbance scenario. In addition, the paper discusses the stability of the system under the designed control strategy when the important parameters vary. The simulation results show that the proposed FOPID-IGPC control strategy can effectively improve the speed and stability of the BTTGU regulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of entrepreneurial spawning in the new context of software startups, revisiting theory and identifying patterns within the emergence of startups/spin-offs in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: A study of two cases of startups recognized for generating several spin-offs founded by former employees. The authors based the data collection on the following triangulation: 11 in-depth interviews, systematic analysis of 33 resumes from entrepreneurs in spawned firms and document analysis. Findings: Six skills developed in startups were identified: (1) structuring a company, (2) people management, (3) strategic/operational planning, (4) commercial/sales, (5) product development, and (6) behavioral traits. In addition, points of contradiction concerning the literature were found, such as the absence of the location effect, different professional experiences and new local agents to support startups. Research limitations/implications: The present study covers only two cases in the context of software startups, which requires caution and discretion in extrapolating to other contexts. Practical implications: The understanding of the phenomenon may reflect in: university programs focused on internships in startups, corporate training programs for entrepreneurs and the design of public policies based on entrepreneurial spawning. Originality/value: The present study stands out for its access to data from high-impact startups in Brazil, in addition to revisiting the literature bringing a new perspective to the specificities of high-growth software companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the same oral history interviews used by Coronado and Martinez (2018), this study describes the success of some Latino businesses operating in Michigan. It is based on interviews with 32 Latino and Latina business owners (LBOs) conducted by researchers at the Julian Samora Research Institute (JSRI) at Michigan State University from 2011 to 2012 in three Michigan cities: Saginaw, Lansing, and Metro Detroit. This study describes the ways and means by which these business owners started their businesses and the success and possible expansion of their activities at the time of the interviews. Almost all had humble start-up operations, relied on their own or family savings, had relatives who owned or operated a business, lacked access to formal financial markets, and had limited knowledge about government programs supporting small businesses. Success was based on hard work and persistence, the pursuit of opportunities, and the use of technology. Most give back to their communities and have expansion plans, either by securing government funds or bank loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is an important mechanism used by financial systems to adapt to external shocks and to increase resilience. The current wave of financial innovation can be regarded as unprecedented, due to its technology-induced nature and because it is mainly stimulated from outside the incumbent financial industry. We study "regulatory sandboxes ", set up by regulators with the intention to foster financial innovation. Hitherto, some national regulators remain hesitant in relation to introducing regulatory sandboxes, partly fearing a "two-tier" system of start-ups with a potentially disparate treatment of market participants. We argue that many non-participating countries, including some of the 23 EU Member States, should reconsider their decision towards regulatory sandboxes which allow for a constant dialogue between operators and supervisory authorities during the testing of financial innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to search measures that unicorn startups have implemented during the pandemic and show what lessons can be learned to help entrepreneurs and small and medium businesses to overcome the crisis. Design/methodology/approach: The method is a multiple case study with five unicorn startups. This study collected data through interviews and analyzed them by the content analysis technique. Findings: The findings show that the pandemic affects negatively unicorns' businesses; that a digital business model innovation affects them positively; and that innovations moderate positively the negative impact of the crisis. Research limitations/implications: Most interviewees hold operational positions. Practical implications: Three actions stand out to overcome the crisis: adoption of new digital platforms; strategies to increase the network of partners; and adaptations in the provision of payment services. Originality/value: The cases show that entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises need to develop capabilities to innovate in their business models, and digitalization is a solution to face the crisis and overcome it in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of why a Brazilian digital startup company reached unicorn status the fastest. Design/methodology/approach: After the literature review, the authors conducted the questionnaire containing 13 questions used in 18 in-depth interviews conducted in the case study. Saturation point combined with the independent and in-depth analysis of the researchers is used to achieve internal and external validity. The primary data collected underwent an analytical approach, followed by a resource-based view (RBV). RBV does not deal with time. There is a gap in the literature and an opportunity here: to analyze the fastest company to become a unicorn under the RBV lens. Findings: The case reveals that value can be found in traditional sectors, as is the case of the real estate sector. This is a case of a company in the direct home-buying space. Practical implications: The contribution of this paper is both practical, with the seven lessons, and theoretical. Resources allocated to a specific context in a specific geographic region shift the attention away from the absolute value of resources to the timing of aggregating them. Thus, the contribution accounting for time is new to the RBV. Originality/value: The originality lies in the analysis of the dynamics of digital businesses with exponential growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New England Journal of Entrepreneurship has published a special issue on transitional entrepreneurship, which focuses on entrepreneurs from marginalized communities who navigate significant life transitions as they launch and manage new ventures in response to various challenges. The issue includes papers that explore the constraints faced by entrepreneurs from economically distressed communities, the impact of institutional changes on women's entrepreneurial activities, the role of entrepreneurial support organizations in shaping opportunities for transitional entrepreneurs, and how transitional entrepreneurs contribute to their communities and navigate distressed economies. The article discusses the challenges faced by transitional entrepreneurs, such as veterans, immigrants and refugees, women and minorities, and individuals from economically distressed communities. These entrepreneurs face adversity due to factors such as social stigma, lack of access to resources, and institutional barriers. The article emphasizes the need for more research in this field and suggests theoretical frameworks that can be used to study transitional entrepreneurship. It also highlights the potential impact of transitional entrepreneurship on economic growth and policy development. The article concludes by calling for further exploration of the overlap between entrepreneurship and innovation, as well as the factors contributing to the success of transitional entrepreneurs. [Extracted from the article]

The issue of supporting innovation, ensuring inclusive development, using new technologies and entrepreneurial potential is one of the basic elements of the concept of sustainable development, which is reflected, among others, in in EU strategic documents. There is a research gap where entrepreneurship is relatively little researched in the context of trust. Mainstream trust research overlooks entrepreneurship and its special features of placing uncertainty at the heart of its operation, in particular in the information, communication and high technology sector, and therefore among startups. The above results from the still weak research invention regarding the issues of managing these enterprises. Meanwhile, this is an area particularly predestined for research on trust. Therefore, the aim of the article is to try to answer the question about importance and the ways of building trust from the point of view of startup owners. Author used critical review of relevant literature and in-depth interviews to carried out the research in startups implementing foreign expansion outside of Poland. The presented study is part of a wider project, including interviews with leaders of other technology companies, as well as with other employees of selected departments of these companies. This article presents the results of the study of the one of group of leaders who are owners of startups, implementing foreign expansion. The conclusions drawn from the analysis confirm that the challenges underlying the foreign expansion of startups are not only technical, financial, legal or related to tax, etc. but they should be rooted and related to the need to take into account the specificity of the organizational culture of companies in their activities. The conducted research showed a high level of leaders' awareness of the need to build collective trust between employees in the company, but there is a need for systemic development at the institutional level regarding methods and tools that can be used in this regard. The key issue here is the growing importance of the organizational culture of trust built and developed by leaders, based on values. Therefore, the problem of managing startups in this context seems important, so that they can dynamically develop and grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the issue of financing startups from external sources. Startups, as entities with limited resources, typically have to raise external capital for their activity. Due to the nature of startups, the high degree of risk, and the low survival rate, it is not a simple task. In order to convince investors to provide financial support, startups must meet specific requirements. Knowledge of the key factors determining the decisions of external investors will enable startups to increase their effectiveness in this area. After a general introduction, the article presents the specifics of startups as innovative entities. Subsequently, the life cycle of startups is characterized, and the primary sources of their funding in Polish economic practice are identified. This content constitutes the theoretical part of the study. In the research part, the most crucial factors that affect the decisions made by external investors in terms of financial support provided to startups were determined. The research shows that the main determinants of external funding are the competencies of the startup, its market potential, and business indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explicates the Lean Startup methodology, a popular framework for constructing nascent and pioneering startup enterprises. Since its inception, this methodology has garnered recognition from academic scholars and business practitioners. Its precepts, grounded in Agile Project Management and the Customer Development philosophy, are ideally suited for implementing innovative projects to introduce product, technological, or organizational innovations into the market. Many of them are focused on creating solutions to support innovation in the green sectors of the economy. Many of them are focused on creating solutions to support innovation in the green sectors of the economy - in particular, those related to the ICT industry. In addition, the importance of technologies created by startups in terms of positive environmental impact has been reflected in scientific works worldwide. They have a powerful impact on the building and dynamic development of green economies manifested in various aspects of society. The significance of startups for advancing economies across the globe has been acknowledged for many years, as they exert a substantial influence on critical economic spheres, including the labor market, technological advancement, and the progress of every industry in which innovative solutions are employed. Despite the challenges, startup entrepreneurs can act as powerful change agents, reducing inefficiencies, creating jobs, and boosting economic development. Through these activities, startups stimulate the sustainable growth of economies. The Lean Startup methodology allows testing the created value before introducing it to the market. Thanks to the application of Customer Development guidelines where, through an iterative process of creating innovation, it is tested by a panel of potential customers. Successively created value is supplemented with additional elements that potential users constantly verify. In this way, the value delivered to the market is ideally suited to the requirements and expectations of its buyers. The article also reviews the literature on startups regarding their impact on the Sustainable Development (SD) of enterprises and entire economies. The most important concepts were presented, and an attempt was made to define the concept initially. The last part of the article systematically presents the limitations and directions of further research and startups and the possibilities of using Lean Startup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open innovation enables building of collaboration ties between corporations and start-ups and exerts a significant influence on winning the competitive advantage by the companies. The catalyst for such collaboration are often accelerators, which, through accelerator programmes, link start-ups' innovative solutions, products, services, technologies with their potential technology beneficiaries (large organisations). Mentoring, coaching, access to experts, tangible and intangible resources from various networks play a particular role for start-ups, whose success depends largely on their ability to build and develop co-operation ties with potential customers and collaborators. The authors present survey findings showing that start-ups expect more in terms of access to accelerator partner networks, capital funds and support to attract other customers. The coworking spaces, which provide the desired resources through their tenants and networking partners, can be a solution to this. The coworking spaces become liaisons between different networks and provide their participants with access to the resources of these networks and upkeep the relationships that facilitate not only knowledge transfer, but also access to new knowledge and information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Startups' inherent qualities, as well as their crucial role in development, implementation and diffusion of improved goods and services, which reduce the use of natural resources or increase societal inclusion, enabled to identify two main goals of the paper. The first one is to get more insight into the way strategy and business model are used in startups. Second goal is to take a closer look at the relationship between them to find out, which one – if any – dominates. The way startup uses these approaches is going to have a significant impact on: implementation of management methods and tools, process of strategy identification and implementation, as well as business model innovation (BMI) management. Since BMI provides mechanisms to assist the innovation process for embedding sustainability, it can be viewed at as an alternative to product or process innovation. Hence, the way BMI is implemented is critical not only for sustainable product and service innovation, but also startup's sustainable growth. The five-step research procedure included both qualitative and quantitative research methods, main one being survey questionnaire. The sample comprised 152 Polish startups. Research results confirmed, that both strategy and business model approaches were used by the sample companies. It means that well-known and established strategic management tools do hold significance also in startups. In the context of relationship between these two approaches, two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, all three scenarios included in the research were used; secondly, the most popular one being business model adapted to strategy. Moreover, research results suggest, that there is a point in startup's life cycle, at which it starts to focus on its strategy, bringing it closer to company model typical for strategic management mainstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the performance of start-ups and the external support provided to them. For the analysis, cohort comparison is conducted using questionnaires answered by start-ups. Propensity score matching, a causal inference method, is employed as the analytical instrument. The effects of support are examined by categorizing external support and performance, and significant positive causal effects are found both alone and in combination. Among external support, referral support plays a particularly central role and is the axis of significant causal effects in the combination of support. On the other hand, financial and information support plays a supplementary role in the combination. Some combinations that create new positive causal effects or amplify existing causal effects are identified, but no common combinations have been found across cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Higher Education Institutions (HEI), we understand the need for academia and industry interaction. However, there is a requirement for continuous improvement. Moving from the outdated exchange of funding for research to forming long-term tactical partnerships with incubators and innovation activities in academic institutions is essential. This study aims to explore and design an I5 framework to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem in higher education institutions. This work boosts the existing literature and awareness of the higher education strategy in India. Furthermore, it harnesses the innovation and incubation culture in the institutions by interacting closely with the industries through the proposed I5 framework. The authors mainly proposed a conceptual framework to address the need for Institutions to get involved proactively with enable and empower stakeholders from the idea stage to the product stage and further to create their own venture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]