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A recent study conducted by CHA University in Seoul, South Korea, has found a significant association between resting heart rate (RHR) and natural killer cell activity (NKA). The study included 7,500 healthy adults and measured NKA by the amount of interferon-gamma released by activated natural killer cells. The results showed that individuals with higher RHR had poorer metabolic and inflammatory profiles, with a higher prevalence of low NKA. The study suggests that RHR, as a simple indicator of increased sympathetic nervous system activity and stress, may be useful in predicting reduced immune function. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of North Texas Health Science Center has explored potential targets for natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor. The study highlights the dismal overall survival rate of GBM and the lack of successful therapies beyond surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. The researchers propose investigating targets such as EGFR, HER2, CD155, IL-13Ra2, Lectin-like Transcript 1 (LLT1), and cell surface proliferating cell nuclear antigen (csPCNA) for NK cell-based immunotherapy. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to implement immunotherapy in GBM treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at Hakodate Municipal Hospital discusses a rare disease called chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK), which is characterized by an increase in natural killer cells in the blood. While CLPD-NK is generally asymptomatic, some patients may experience symptoms such as fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, autoimmune diseases, splenomegaly, and infections. Peripheral neuropathy, a condition affecting the nerves, is uncommon but can occur in 3% of cases. The report presents a case of neurolymphomatosis, a neurological manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia, in a patient with CLPD-NK. The patient developed autonomic dysfunction, including orthostatic hypotension and gastrointestinal symptoms. Treatment with immunotherapy led to partial symptom improvement. The report highlights the importance of considering neurolymphomatosis as a cause of autonomic dysfunction in difficult-to-diagnose cases and emphasizes the need for aggressive nerve biopsy in such situations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Ningbo University in Zhejiang, China explores the genetic associations between lipid profiles, immune cell phenotypes, and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The study utilized a comprehensive Mendelian randomization approach and analyzed data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. The findings suggest that certain immune cell phenotypes, specifically HLA DR+ natural killer cells, may play a role in the lipid-CAD causal pathway, highlighting potential new targets for therapy. However, further evidence is needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that natural killer (NK) cells, which are important for fighting viruses and tumors, are dysfunctional in bladder cancer patients. The dysfunction is more severe in NK cells derived from tumors compared to those from peripheral blood. The study suggests that tissue-specific factors, such as TGF-beta and metabolic perturbations like hypoxia, directly suppress NK cell function. The researchers propose that targeting the SLAMF6 signaling pathway could be a potential strategy to improve NK cell function in bladder cancer. However, it's important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke explores the acute natural killer (NK) cell response to exercise in metastatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study found that both moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can mobilize and activate NK cells with characteristics associated with high cytotoxicity and tumor homing. The researchers suggest that combining aerobic exercise training with chemotherapy may lead to favorable immune and clinical outcomes, but further longitudinal trials are needed to confirm this. The study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of exercise for cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application by inventor Michael Eamonn Peter O'DWYER has been made available online for a new therapy involving modified natural killer (NK) cells. The therapy aims to enhance the cytotoxicity and persistence of NK cells in targeting cancer cells. The modified NK cells have reduced function of CIS and CD38, and can be further modified to express other molecules such as chimeric antigen receptors or growth-promoting cytokines. The invention provides methods for producing these modified NK cells and their use in treating various cancers, including CD38-expressing cancers like multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, has developed a new nanoplatform for cancer therapy called HM@p-MOF. This nanoplatform combines photodynamic therapy (PDT) with an immuno-enhanced approach, utilizing the properties of B16F10 cancer cells and natural killer (NK) cells to induce immunogenic cell death and stimulate a systemic immune response. The HM@p-MOF nanoplatform demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and suppressing metastasis in both localized and metastatic tumors. This research provides a promising direction for the development of biomimetic nanomedicines with immuno-modulatory functions. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Harvard Medical School discusses the potential of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a platform for natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy. The review highlights the unique abilities of NK cells to eliminate cancer cells and their potential for enhanced cytotoxicity when activated by cytokines. Clinical trials have shown promising results, with donor-derived cytokine-activated NK cell infusion following HCT improving outcomes in high-risk or relapsed myeloid malignancies without increasing the risk of complications. The ongoing exploration of these strategies holds promise for future clinical applications. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study explored the role of decidual natural killer cells (dNKs) in promoting placental development during the first trimester of pregnancy. The study used a co-culture system of dNKs and trophoblast organoids, which are mini-organs representing different cell types of the human placenta. The results showed that the presence of dNKs led to significant increases in the organoid area and changes in gene expression associated with trophoblast differentiation and villous branching morphogenesis. These findings suggest that dNKs play a supportive role in pregnancy by promoting placental development. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from New York University (NYU) discusses the role of the stress response regulator Hsf1 in modulating natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor immunity. The study found that increased Hsf1 activity in NK cells impairs their cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and ability to mount an anti-tumor immune response. The researchers suggest that these findings have important implications for improving the efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapies and designing combination strategies to enhance NK cell-mediated tumor killing. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in Nature Cell Biology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Rutgers University - The State University of New Jersey has revealed new insights into cancer treatment. The researchers engineered a tetravalent bispecific immune cell engager (BiKE) that activates natural killer cells to kill cancer cells without causing harm to healthy cells. The tetravalent BiKE exhibited higher affinity and anticancer activity compared to its bivalent counterpart. Importantly, the study showed that the tetravalent BiKE did not mediate fratricide, making it a promising approach for cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company has been granted a patent for a method of treating HLA-E-expressing cancers using antibodies that bind to the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor group 2A (NKG2A). The patent outlines the use of these antibodies to stimulate immune responses and treat various conditions, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and more. The patent also includes details about combining the antibodies with other treatments and methods for detecting NKG2A protein. The patent was filed by Christine Bee and is assigned to Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at University Hospital La Paz in Madrid, Spain, has explored the potential of personalized medicine in treating neuroblastoma, a pediatric solid tumor. The researchers focused on the induction of ferroptosis, an iron-mediated immunogenic cell death, as a potential treatment for chemoresistant neuroblastoma. They found that combining ferroptosis induction with standard-of-care chemotherapy and natural killer (NK) cell therapy showed promising results in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in a chemoresistant neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft model. The study suggests that personalized treatment protocols based on ferroptosis-inducing mechanisms could be a viable strategy for improving outcomes in high-risk neuroblastoma. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers in St. Petersburg, Russia, explores the communication between natural killer cells (NK cells) and monocytes/macrophages and its potential role in immunomodulation and regulation of inflammatory processes. The researchers investigated the impact of large extracellular vesicles derived from NK cells on monocyte function. They found that these vesicles can integrate into the membranes of monocytes, influencing their viability, phenotype, and functional characteristics. This study highlights the potential immunomodulatory activity of NK cells in relation to monocytes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Ottawa discusses the use of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NK-EVs) as potential cancer biotherapeutics. These vesicles have unique properties that allow them to target cancer cells and modulate the immune system. The research outlines a scalable biomanufacturing workflow for producing large quantities of high-purity NK-EVs, adhering to Good Manufacturing Practices standards. The study also describes the characterization and functionality assessment of the NK-EVs. The researchers believe that this biomanufacturing process has the potential to advance the clinical translation of NK-EV-based cancer treatments. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, has investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in HIV-1 elite controllers (ECs), who are individuals living with HIV-1 that can control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study found that NK cells from ECs have an activated, mature profile with low levels of immune exhaustion and a reduced metabolic phenotype, suggesting functional competence. These findings could potentially inform the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for treating HIV-1. The full study can be accessed for free at the JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes website. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of a specific N-glycan in regulating natural killer cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and modulating the structure of the Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) / CD16a. The study found that the composition of the N-glycan, particularly the N162 glycan, affects the affinity of antibody binding to FcγRIIIa and the potency of NK cell ADCC. The researchers also used a protein isotope labeling approach to gain structural insight into the mechanisms of N162 regulation. This research provides valuable information for improving therapeutic efficacy and understanding the immune response. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Montpellier discusses the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in the body's immune response to cancer. NK cells are innate immune cells that act as the first line of defense against tumors. They search for abnormal cells and destroy them through various mechanisms, such as the secretion of lytic granules and the expression of death receptors. The report also explores the interaction between NK cells and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This research provides valuable insights into the potential of NK cells in the fight against cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh explored the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on immune aging and the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in this process. The study found that lower childhood SES was associated with higher levels of late-differentiated CD8+ T and natural killer cells, which are markers of immune aging, through CMV seropositivity. Additionally, the study found that higher adulthood SES was protective against immune aging in CMV-negative older adults. These initial findings suggest that childhood SES may influence CMV acquisition, which in turn predicts higher levels of immune aging, while adulthood SES has a protective effect. Further research is needed to confirm these results in larger samples. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University in China has found that natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in tumor immunosurveillance, can be used to predict breast cancer prognosis. The researchers integrated single-cell transcriptomic data with machine learning to establish a prognostic model using NK cell-related genes (NKRGs). They identified nine key NKRGs that showed the highest predictive accuracy and explored cell-to-cell communication, immune-related pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. The study suggests that this NKRG-based model could enhance risk assessment and personalized treatment in breast cancer, contributing to the field of precision medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Menoufia University in Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt, explored the therapeutic outcomes of Sofosbuvir (+) Daclatasvir (+) Ribavirin (SOF+DCV+RBV) therapy in Egyptian patients with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). The study focused on the impact of this therapy on natural killer (NK) cells, which are a subset of immune cells. The researchers found that NK cell activation and cytotoxicity increased during HCV antiviral therapy and were associated with better treatment outcomes. This research provides valuable insights into the role of NK cells in HCV treatment and highlights the importance of establishing an inhibitory cytotoxic NK profile for successful therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital in China explores the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The study highlights the interplay between NK cells and HNSCC, as well as the immune evasion strategies employed by cancer cells to restrict NK cell infiltration. The researchers also discuss the efficacy of NK cell-based immunotherapies, particularly cetuximab, in activating the immune system and improving patient prognosis. The study provides valuable insights into the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies for HNSCC treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of Kir6.1, a component of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel, in regulating natural killer (NK) cell development. The study found that Kcnj8, the gene that codes for Kir6.1, is highly expressed in murine splenic and uterine NK cells. Patch clamping experiments revealed that a subset of NK cells expresses a current sensitive to a Kir6.1 blocker. Mice with NK-cell specific Kcnj8 gene ablation had fewer mature NK cells in the bone marrow and spleen. The findings suggest that Kir6.1 plays a key role in NK-cell development. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the National Eye Institute has shed light on the role of natural killer (NK) cells in birdshot chorioretinopathy, an inflammatory eye condition associated with the HLA-A29 gene. The research found that patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy have an altered NK cell pool, with expanded CD16 positive NK cells that produce more proinflammatory cytokines. These NK cells also express CD8A, which is involved in recognizing target cells, and display gene signatures indicative of high cytotoxic activity. The study suggests that CD8bright CD244bright NK cells may play a role in birdshot chorioretinopathy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China, explores the development of glypican-3-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified natural killer (CAR-NK) cells as a potential therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly malignant liver tumor. The study found that the CAR-NK cells showed significant levels of cytokine production and in vitro cytotoxicity when co-cultured with GPC3+ HCC cells. The researchers also discovered that GC33-G2D-NK cells, which contained NK cell-specific signaling domains, exhibited better activation and killing abilities compared to GC33-CD28-NK cells. In mouse models, GC33-G2D-NK cells efficiently eliminated tumors, particularly when combined with microwave ablation (MWA). The study suggests that GPC3-CAR-NK cells may be a potential strategy for HCC treatment, and their regional delivery or combination with MWA could optimize their efficacy. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Boston Children's Hospital in Massachusetts explored the effects of transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) on uterine natural killer cells (uNKs) in a model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The researchers found that TRASCET with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulated the activity of placental uNKs and their downstream products. This insight may contribute to the development of new strategies for managing IUGR. The study was supported by the Kevin and Kate McCarey Fund for Surgical Research at Boston Children's Hospital. [Extracted from the article]

A new study published by researchers at the Centre de Recherche du CHUM in Montreal, Canada, explores the potential of Natural Killer (NK) cells to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The study focuses on the role of NK cell co-activating receptors NTB-A and 2B4 in sensitizing HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC. Despite the downregulation of their ligands by HIV-1, both co-activating receptors significantly contribute to the sensitization of infected cells to ADCC. This research provides valuable insights into potential strategies for eliminating HIV-1-infected cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from St. Petersburg, Russia discusses the role of endoglin in the interaction between natural killer cells and trophoblasts, which is important for maternal-fetal immune tolerance. The study found that antibodies against endoglin and recombinant endoglin attenuated the influence of trophoblasts on natural killer cells and increased the expression of pSMAD2/3 by NK cells. The researchers also speculate that endoglin forms a complex with TGF beta, aiding in its trafficking between these cells. This research provides insights into the intercellular communication between natural killer cells and trophoblasts. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses the potential of a high affinity monoclonal antibody, 3H4v31, in enhancing natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor killing. The antibody targets HLA-E-VL9, a ligand expressed on target cells that modulates NK cytotoxicity. In vitro experiments showed that 3H4v31 increased direct killing of target cells by NK cells and mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that 3H4v31 slowed the growth rate of HLA-E-VL9+ tumors in mice. These findings suggest that HLA-E-VL9 monoclonal antibodies could be a promising immunotherapy for cancer treatment. However, it is important to note that this research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Columbia University Medical Center highlights the challenges of using immunotherapies to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The researchers focused on AURKA, a potential drug target for GBM treatment, and found that inhibiting AURKA led to reduced levels of PD-L1, a protein that inhibits the immune response, and increased expression of MHC-I, a protein that helps immune cells recognize cancer cells. This resulted in enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against GBM. The researchers suggest that targeting AURKA could have therapeutic implications for modulating the immune environment within GBM cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, explores the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and natural killer (NK) cells. The study found inconsistent findings regarding the abundance and functionality of NK cells in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals. Some reports suggest a decline in NK cell numbers among T2DM patients, while others show similar levels between T2DM patients and controls. Additionally, T2DM patients exhibited diminished NK cell activity and elevated levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18), a cytokine involved in NK cell biology. The study suggests a possible link between the metabolic landscape of NK cells and their response to IL-18, which may explain the discordant outcomes observed in NK cell functionality during T2DM. Further research in immune cell metabolism is needed to better understand the connection between compromised immune responses and defective cellular metabolism in chronic diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for the use of BTK inhibitors to treat solid tumors by modulating the tumor microenvironment. BTK is a protein kinase that plays a role in signaling pathways in B cells and myeloid cells. The invention provides methods and compositions for treating solid tumors by administering BTK inhibitors to inhibit signaling between tumor cells and various components of the microenvironment. These inhibitors may also be effective in crossing the blood-brain barrier to treat central nervous system tumors. The patent application discusses a method for treating cancer in humans by administering a BTK inhibitor that inhibits signaling between cancer cells and various components of the tumor microenvironment. The method also includes administering an anti-CD20 antibody and/or other therapeutic agents. The patent application specifically mentions the treatment of B cell hematological malignancies and solid tumor cancers, including various types of lymphomas, leukemias, and other cancers such as bladder cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. The method aims to increase immune system recognition and rejection of the tumor. Additionally, the application discusses the treatment of bleeding events in cancer patients by administering a BTK inhibitor along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Bielefeld University in Germany highlights the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in cancer treatment. The researchers found that high quantities of pure and functional NK cells are necessary for clinical use. They discovered that the NK MACS(R) medium, combined with human AB serum and IL-2, demonstrated high cytotoxicity against primary glioblastoma stem cells. The study also emphasized the importance of culture medium selection in maximizing the purity and expansion of NK cells. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Umm Al-Qura University discusses the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) pathophysiology. The study found that 56% of treatment-naive JDM patients had reduced circulating NK cell counts, which was associated with more active muscle disease and muscle weakness. Muscle biopsies from untreated JDM patients also showed increased infiltration of NK cells. This research provides valuable insights into the neuromuscular manifestations of JDM and highlights the potential role of NK cells in the disease. [Extracted from the article]