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Introduction: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with considerable pain and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for affected patients. Despite the documented increase in healthcare resource utilization (HRU) related to axSpA, few studies have explored the impact of diagnostic delays on these outcomes. This study sought to determine the association between diagnostic delay of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and costs in the 3 years after diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study based on routine follow-up data from adult patients with confirmed axSpA diagnosis in three tertiary Spanish hospitals. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected at diagnosis. Direct and indirect healthcare costs were estimated from healthcare resource use (HRU) and productivity losses. The correlation between diagnostic delay and total healthcare costs was analyzed. Results: Eighty-two patients (62.2% men; mean age: 39.3 years at diagnosis) were included, mostly with radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA) (67.1%). The mean (standard deviation, SD) diagnostic delay was 10.1 (9.3) years, with a median (interquartile range, IQR) of 5.4 (2.3, 17.2) years. The mean total healthcare cost per patient accumulated over 3 years was €25,812.6 (direct: €16,384.7; indirect: €9427.9). Patients with longer diagnostic delay (> 5.4 years) had 57% higher total healthcare cost (€31,717.7 vs. €20,188.7, p= 0.029) and higher disease activity at diagnosis (BASDAI score 4.7 vs. 3.4, p= 0.007) and after 3 years (3.9 vs. 2.9, p= 0.042) compared to those with shorter delay (≤ 5.4 years). Conclusions: The diagnostic delay in axSpA remains high and is associated with an increase in healthcare costs post-diagnosis. Actions to reduce diagnostic delay should be prioritized by healthcare systems to potentially improve outcomes and reduce long-term costs.

The German Association for Intellectual Property Law (GRUR e.V.) has submitted an opinion on the draft SEP Regulation to the German Federal Ministry of Justice and to the EU Commission. The authors, who were substantially involved in the preparation of the opinion, have translated it into English.In the group of authors, majority decisions were made in some instances for the adoption of the opinion. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that every comment in the opinion is in line with the views of all the authors.GRUR is a scientific association recognized as a non-profit organization of all members of professional groups and organizations working in the field of industrial property protection and copyright; these are in particular university lecturers, judges, civil servants, lawyers, patent attorneys and representatives of associations and companies.

The incidence of invasive Group A Streptococcus(iGAS) has varied throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed iGAS infections in infants ≤1 year from 2012 to 2022. Twenty-five percent of cases occurred in the last quarter of 2022. Pneumonia (21.8%) was the most common presentation. Twenty-one patients (65.6%) were successfully transitioned to oral antibiotics.We reviewed cases of invasive Group A Streptococcus(iGAS) in infants <12 months of age over 11 years. Twenty-five percent of cases occurred in the final calendar quarter. While iGAS were associated with high morbidity, most were transitioned to oral antibiotics.

Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a rare myeloproliferative disease in children, and there are few standard management guidelines. We herein report a case series of 10 pediatric patients with ET diagnosed at our institution over a period of 13 years. All patients fulfilled the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for ET, and none harbored the canonical ET mutations JAK2V617F, CALR, or MPL. Overall, 7 of the 10 patients received treatment for ET, and during follow-up, 3 of these 7 patients discontinued cytoreductive therapy. No patient experienced hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Our case series emphasizes that the genetic features of pediatric ET may differ significantly from those of adult ET, and that treatment cessation is a possibility for some patients.

This study evaluated the effects of varying sulfate concentrations of water on forage and water intake, digestibility, digestive kinetics, and rumen fermentation characteristics of cattle consuming low-quality forages provided a protein supplement, with and without salt.

•Infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications (PCs) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are life-threatening.•The PC group had significantly lower overall survival compared with the non-PC group.•A high-dose Bu 520 + Flu 160 conditioning regimen increased the risk for noninfectious PCs (NIPCs).•Pretransplantation low alveolar volume can serve as a predictor of both infectious PCs and NIPCs.

CO-bound forms of nitrogenase are N2-reduction inhibited and likely intermediates in Fischer–Tropsch chemistry. Visible-light photolysis at 7 K was used to interrogate all three known CO-related EPR-active forms as exhibited by the α-H195Q variant of Azotobacter vinelandiinitrogenase MoFe protein. The hi(5)-CO EPR signal converted to the hi-CO EPR signal, which reverted at 10 K. FT-IR monitoring revealed an exquisitely light-sensitive “Hi-2” species with bands at 1932 and 1866 cm–1that yielded “Hi-1” with bands at 1969 and 1692 cm–1, which reverted to “Hi-2”. The similarities of photochemical behavior and recombination kinetics showed, for the first time, that hi-CO EPR and “Hi-1” IR signals arise from one chemical species. hi(5)-CO EPR and “Hi-2” IR signals are from a second species, and lo-CO EPR and “Lo-2” IR signals, formed after prolonged illumination, are from a third species. Comparing FT-IR data with CO-inhibited MoFe-protein crystal structures allowed assignment of CO-bonding geometries in these species.

•The effect of HLA matched and partially mismatched unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) on outcomes in pediatric severe aplastic anemia were analyzed.•Higher stem cell doses were infused in PBSCT than in bone marrow transplantation.•HLA partially mismatched PBSCT decreased the incidence of secondary graft failure.•HLA disparity and PBSCT did not increase the rate of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and moderate to severe chronic GVHD.•PBSCT from unrelated donors showed favorable survival outcomes in terms of a superior failure-free survival, comparable GVHD-free and failure-free survival and overall survival.

Plasma energy has been used to provide minimally invasive interventional treatment for spinal problems. However, this procedure has been used for limited indications mainly because of its small resection range. To overcome this problem, we designed the enhanced power plasma device. This device seeks to maximize the resection area by modifying the electrode arrangement and enhancing the maximum electric power. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency and safety of this newly designed plasma generator, a device for percutaneous disc decompression. We performed an intradiscal procedure on 7 fresh human cadaver lumbar spine specimens using the enhanced power plasma under C-arm fluoroscopic guidance at various voltages. As a result, the volume of the removed area was proportional to the applied magnitude of the electric power level. In particular, under the high-power level condition after 500 s treatment, nearly the entire nucleus pulposus was eliminated. The generated plasma density also tends to grow along with the given electric power. The highest level of temperature rise did not exceed the level that would lead to degeneration in the collagen tissue of the intervertebral disc. Histopathologic examination also demonstrated that there was no thermal damage to the surrounding neural tissues. In conclusion, we speculate that the concepts of this newly designed enhanced plasma generator could be applied to remove huge disc materials without thermal or structural damage to the adjacent target tissues in future spine clinics.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) causes significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with CMV GI disease after allo-HSCT. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients <19 years old that underwent allo-HSCT during an 11-year period. Of the 756 patients, 55.5% (n= 420) experienced post-transplant CMV DNAemia, 2.9% (n= 22) were diagnosed with proven CMV GI diseases, and the highest incidence was found in familial mismatched donors (5.6%, P= 0.029). CMV GI disease was diagnosed <100 days of transplant in 68.2% (n= 15/22), and 13.6% (n= 3/22) did not have concurrent CMV DNAemia. Patients were divided into five groups based on the patterns of CMV viremia initiation and duration post-HSCT. At 3 months post-transplant, lower CD4+ (P= 0.006) and CD8+ (P= 0.011) T-cell counts were observed in patients with waxing and waning CMV viral load titers >100 days post-transplant (groups 1–3) compared to those with CMV DNAemia only prior to 100 days post-transplant and those without concurrent CMV DNAemia (groups 4–5). A higher 1-year all-cause mortality was observed in groups 1–3 compared to groups 4–5 (42.8% vs. 0%; P= 0.051). Active surveillance and aggressive management of CMV reactivation is crucial, especially in children with delayed CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution after allo-HSCT.

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) have been widely used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), each with distinct properties and noninterchangeable doses. However, the optimal dose of ATG in children undergoing allo-PBSCT for leukemia has not yet been established. Therefore, the impact of ATG dose on overall survival (OS), relapse, GvHD, and infectious complications was investigated. Patients administered high dose (unrelated: 7.5 mg/kg, haploidentical: 10.0 mg/kg) and low dose (unrelated: 3.75 mg/kg, haploidentical: 5.0 mg/kg) ATG during two consecutive time periods were compared. There were 78 (39.8%) patients in the low dose group and 118 (60.2%) in the high dose group. OS was superior in the low dose group compared to the high dose group (P= 0.017), and relapse incidence was significantly lower in the low dose group (P= 0.022). Cumulative incidences of acute and chronic GvHD were similar between the groups (P= 0.095 and P= 0.672, respectively). Cytomegalovirus reactivation (70.3% vs. 51.3%, P= 0.007), Epstein–Barr virus reactivation (81.4% vs. 39.7%, P< 0.001), and invasive bacterial infections (12.7% vs. 0%, P= 0.001) post transplant were more frequent in the high dose group compared to the low dose group. Therefore, low dose ATG is more optimal in pediatric allo-PBSCT providing better OS while lowering the risk of relapse and infectious complications.

This study aimed to evaluate the pretransplant diffusing capacity as a predictor of outcomes in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Retrospective cohort study of 176 children followed outcomes for 5 years after allo-HSCT. We conducted an analysis of PFTs include spirometry, body plethysmography, and diffusing capacity prior to allo-HSCT. We analyzed the probabilities of overall survival (OS), disease-related mortality (DRM), and non-relapse mortality (NRM). Of all carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) parameters obtained using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)-2017, univariate analysis showed that the grade 3, 4 of DLCOadj and Category III, IV of LFS significantly increase NRM (p= 0.003 and p= 0.008). Multivariate analysis indicated that a significant increase in the risk of NRM is associated with grades 3, 4 DLCOadj (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.90, p= 0.020). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that a significant stepwise increase in NRM was observed with both worse pretransplant DLCOadj grades and LFS categories (p< 0.001 and p= 0.003). A compromised pretransplant diffusing capacity and a high LFS significantly increase the risk of NRM. Especially, DLCOadj before transplantation can be used as an important predictor of NRM after allo-HSCT in children with malignancy.

Obstructive lung disease (OLD) that develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. We investigated the role of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in the prediction of prognosis of OLD in children who have undergone HSCT. We retrospectively reviewed 538 patients who underwent allogenic HSCT in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, South Korea, from April 2009 to July 2017. OLD was identified on PFTs or chest computed tomography scans obtained from 3 months after HSCT onwards. OLD developed after HSCT in 46 patients (28 male individuals, median age: 11.2 y). The group that developed OLD with an unfavorable prognosis (n=23) had a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (% of predicted, 78.53±24.00 vs. 97.71±16.96, P=0.01), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (% of predicted, 52.54±31.77 vs. 84.44±18.59, P=0.00), FEV1/FVC (%, 59.28±18.68 vs. 79.94±9.77, P=0.00), and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75) (% of predicted, 30.95±39.92 vs. 57.82±25.71, P=0.00) at diagnosis than the group that developed OLD with a favorable prognosis (n=23). The group that developed OLD with an unfavorable prognosis had significant reductions in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75at 2 years after diagnosis. Children who develop OLD with an unfavorable prognosis after HSCT already have poor lung function at the time of diagnosis. Additional treatment should be considered in patients who develop OLD after HSCT according to their PFTs at diagnosis.

The antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is often hampered by insufficient phosphorylation. Nucleoside triphosphate analogues are presented, in which the γ-phosphate was covalently modified by a non-bioreversible, lipophilic 4-alkylketobenzyl moiety. Interestingly, primer extension assays using human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) and three DNA-polymerases showed a high selectivity of these γ-modified nucleoside triphosphates to act as substrates for HIV-RT, while they proved to be nonsubstrates for DNA-polymerases α, β, and γ. In contrast to d4TTP, the γ-modified d4TTPs showed a high resistance toward dephosphorylation in cell extracts. A series of acyloxybenzyl-prodrugs of these γ-ketobenzyl nucleoside triphosphates was prepared. The aim was the intracellular delivery of a stable γ-modified nucleoside triphosphate to increase the selectivity of such compounds to act in infected versus noninfected cells. Delivery of γ-ketobenzyl-d4TTPs was proven in T-lymphocyte cell extracts. The prodrugs were potent inhibitors of HIV-1/2 in cultures of infected CEM/0 cells and more importantly in thymidine kinase-deficient CD4+T-cells.

18F-GTP1is a deuterated small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent used to visualize tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease patients. The first-generation synthesis of 18F-GTP1’s nonradiolabeled alkyl tosylate precursor was plagued by low-yielding steps, inefficient chromatographic purifications, and variable product quality. Due to these limitations, a more robust second-generation route was developed and successfully executed on kilogram scale. A reduction with LiAlD4incorporated geminal deuterium atoms, while an efficient amidation reaction accessed the key acrylamide coupling partner. Moreover, the tricyclic imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine core was assembled via a novel, convergent, and highly selective phosphoramidate-directed annulation. The improved synthesis eliminated all chromatography en route to a high-yielding and reproducible acid-promoted tosylation as the final step.

Whether plasma MTX concentrations and MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms could be used as a predictor of occurrence of MTX-related toxicities in Korean paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were assessed. HD-MTX related toxicities, MTHFR polymorphisms and MTX plasma concentrations following 337 HD-MTX cycles to 117 children with ALL on maintenance therapy were analyzed. A significantly higher frequency of hyperbilirubinemia (P = 0.0443) and renal toxicity (P = 0.0107) were associated with high MTX concentrations by Fisher’s exact test. Moreover, high MTX concentrations at 24 h, 48, and 72 h were significantly associated with increased frequency of vomiting (P < 0.05) and hyperbilirubinemia (P < 0.05) by Mann-Whitney U test. There was a significantly higher frequency of mucositis in patients with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype (P = 0.0273) and a significantly higher frequency of MTX dose reduction in patients with the 677 TT genotype (P = 0.0217), compared to the CC/CT genotype. Independently, plasma MTX concentrations and MTHFR C677T genotype could be useful markers for tailoring MTX dosing and monitoring adverse effects in childhood ALL HD-MTX therapy in Korean patients.

The formability of austenitic high-Mn steels is a critical issue in automotive applications under non-uniformly-deformed environments caused by dynamic strain aging. Among austenite stabilizing alloying elements in those steels, Cu has been known as an effective element to enhance tensile properties via controlling the stacking fault energy and stability of austenite. The effects of Cu addition on formability, however, have not been sufficiently reported yet. In this study, the Cu addition effects on formability and surface characteristics in the austenitic high-Mn TRIP steels were analyzed in consideration of inhomogeneous microstructures containing the segregation of Mn and Cu. To reveal determining factors, various mechanical parameters such as total elongation, post elongation, strain hardening rate, normal anisotropy, and planar anisotropy were correlated to the hole-expansion and cup-drawing test results. With respect to microstructural parameters, roles of (Mn,Cu)-segregation bands and resultant Cu-rich FCC precipitates on the formability and surface delamination were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Angus based bred cows [n = 150; initial shrunk body weight (BW) = 615 ± 6.61 kg; initial body condition score (BCS) = 5.2] were used in an 84-d winter grazing experiment that took place over two consecutive years. Cattle were stratified by age and body condition and, within stratum, randomly assigned to one of three protein supplementation treatments: 1) no supplement, 2) cows fed 0.20% BW· d-1of a 30% protein supplement, and 3) cows fed 0.40% BW · d-1of a 30% protein supplement. Protein supplement was a 30% CP canola-based pelleted supplement with 9 units protein from urea. Cows were gathered three-times weekly and provided supplement on a replicated pen basis. Performance data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with linear and quadratic contrasts used for mean separation (reps = 5; n = 7). Body weights and BCS were recorded every 28-d period throughout the study and calf BW were obtained at birth and weaning. A treatment × period interaction was detected for body weight change (P< 0.01) where a linear response (P < 0.01) where increasing protein status resulted in modest weight gains relative to the control treatment. BCS also exhibited a linear response for two of the three weight periods (P< 0.01) where level of BCS lost was least in cows with the higher supplemental protein levels. A year × period interaction was detected where cows from year two exhibited less BW change on days 28, 56, and 84 of the study (P< 0.01) and had greater BCS (P< 0.01) than those from year one during these periods. In addition, we observed a treatment × year interaction where cows from year two experienced less BW change and had greater BCS than cows from year one (P< 0.01). No treatment × year interactions were detected for birth weight, average daily gain (ADG), or adjusted 205-d weight in calves. A tendency was noted for cows offered 0.4% BW· d-1supplement to have heavier calves at birth than their counterparts (P= 0.09) over both years. A year effect was detected where calves born in year two had increased ADG and adjusted 205-d weights compared with those from year one. A tendency (P= 0.09) for the calves in year two of the study to have heavier weights at birth compared with those from year one was also noted. In summary, increasing levels of supplemental protein resulted in linear improvements of BW and BCS of grazing beef cattle during the winter. While birth weights of calves tended to differ due to the gestational nutrition of the dam, calf growth and weaning weights were not affected.

Current management paradigms suggest deferring grazing rangeland for two years after a wildfire to avoid additional stress on native plant species, but there is limited research supporting these recommendations. Therefore, this experiment was conducted within and adjacent to a burn area of an August 2020 wildfire to evaluate the differences in diet quality, botanical composition, and foraging efficiency of beef cattle grazing both burned and unburned rangelands. A randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments contrasting burn versus unburned and June versus September grazing periods were used. Pastures (4 ha) within the burn area were grazed in either June 2021 or deferred to September 2021. Grazing occurred for two days with 20 cow/calf pairs in June and 16 cow/calf pairs in September. Cattle diet composition and masticate samples were collected during 20-minute bite-count periods using six ruminally cannulated cows in each pasture prior to and after the two-day grazing periods. Cannulated cows grazed a pasture adjacent to the burn area to compare diet quality and composition between burned and unburned rangeland. Diet composition displayed a burn treatment by season of use interaction (P <0.01) with greater forb consumption in burned than unburned in June (P <0.01), but not different in September (P= 0.58). Additionally, both bites per minute and grams per minute displayed a treatment by season of use interaction (P <0.01). Specifically, cattle grazing unburned pastures in June tended to take more bites per minute (P= 0.07) than in burned pastures. In contrast, the opposite was observed with September diets where cattle took more bites per minute in burned pastures than unburned pastures (P <0.01). Grams per minute did not differ between September treatments (P= 0.26), but cattle did consume more grams per minute in unburned pastures in June (P <0.01). The ash content of diets tended to display a treatment by season of use interaction (P= 0.09) with dietary ash tending to be greater in burned pastures in June (P= 0.07), but not differing in September (P= 0.54). Both dietary NDF and CP displayed a treatment by season interaction (P <0.01), where crude protein was greater and NDF was lower for June burned pastures than unburned pastures (P <0.01) but did not differ in September (P≥ 0.27). In summary, diet quality was improved for grazing during the growing season after wildfire. The differences in diet quality may be related to the increase in forb consumption in post-fire vegetation communities.

We report that selective N-phosphorylation of aminoimidazoles results in a key steering element that controls isomeric selectivity in the condensation of β-ethoxy acrylamides and aminoimidazoles to furnish imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. We identified conditions that provide highly selective (99:1) phosphorylation at the endo- or exocyclic nitrogen. Either the 2-amino or 4-amino isomer of the (benzo)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine products could be isolated in 64–95% yield. Mass spectrometric analysis and computational studies give insight into the mechanism of this exceptionally selective transformation.

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty is often not recommended to younger patients with ankle arthritis because of their high functional demands. The purpose of this study was to compare intermediate-term clinical and radiographic outcomes and survivorship rates of total ankle arthroplasty between patients younger and older than 55 years.Methods: A total of 117 consecutive patients (123 ankles) who underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty using Hintegra prosthesis with a mean follow-up of 78 months were enrolled and divided into 2 age groups: under 55 years (38 ankles; mean age 45 years) and over 55 years (85 ankles; mean age 65 years).Results: Clinical scores of Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale pain and disability, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot, Short Form–36 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary, and visual analog scale were not significantly different between the 2 age groups at the final follow-up (P> .05). There were no significant differences in complications and survivorship rates between the two at a mean follow-up of 78 months (P> .05).Conclusions: Clinical and radiographic outcomes and survival rates of total ankle arthroplasty in patients under age of 55 years were satisfactory and comparable to those in patients older than 55 years in the intermediate-term follow-up. Therefore, total ankle arthroplasty may be considered as a viable treatment option in young patients with end-stage ankle arthritis.Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series, therapeutic.

Untreated tibialis anterior tendon ruptures can lead to gait abnormalities, flatfoot deformities, drop foot and chronic pain. Both traumatic and atraumatic ruptures of the tibialis anterior tendon can occur, though, atraumatic ruptures are often spontaneous and less common. For many patients, their symptoms are vague, which can result in a delay in diagnosis. Drop foot is typically the most noticeable symptom. Surgical treatment has been recommended for both traumatic and atraumatic ruptures to restore normal gait and function of tendon. Several surgical techniques have been published, however, there is no consensus on “gold standard” for optimal treatment. Here, a surgical technique is discussed which involves tenodesis of the extensor hallucis longus tendon to the ruptured tibialis anterior tendon with subsequent transfer into the medial cuneiform along with extensor hallux brevis to extensor hallux longus tenodesis distally over the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The authors find that this technique is reproducible in terms of allowing patients to regain dorsiflexory strength at the ankle joint and avoid postoperative ankle-foot orthoses. To date, all patients that have been treated with this technique have been able to return to normal ambulation without the use of a brace or subsequent gait disturbances.

ABSTRACTOvarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer related deaths for women in USA. The high mortality rate associated with ovarian cancer is due to diagnosis at later stages of disease and the high recurrence rate of 60–80%. Recurrent ovarian cancers are more likely to present as multidrug resistance (MDR) leading to unfavorable response from 2ndand 3rdline chemotherapy. Nanoemulsions (NEs) are emerging as an attractive drug delivery system to overcome MDR challenges. NEs can also minimize exposure of therapeutic cargo to normal tissues potentially reducing side effects. In >80% of ovarian cancers, Folate Receptor-α (FR-α) is expressed at 10- to 100-fold higher levels than on non-pathological tissues. Therefore, folate (FA) is being evaluated as an active targeting moiety for FR-α+ovarian cancer. To improve therapeutic outcome with reduced toxicity, we developed NMI-500, a FA targeted gadolinium (Gd) annotated NE loaded with docetaxel (DTX). NMI-500 has been developed as theranostic agents as Gd will enable physician to acquire real time pharmacodynamics data on NE + DTX accumulation in target lesions. In present study, characterization for key translational metrics of NMI-500 showed size distribution in range of 120 to 150 nm and zeta potential around −45 mV. Active targeting of FA was evaluated against FR-α+KB cells and results demonstrated significant improvement in cell association which was surface ligand density dependent. We found that NMI-500 was able to inhibit tumor growth in a spontaneous transgenic ovarian cancer model with improved safety profile and this growth inhibition could be longitudinally followed by MRI. These results indicate NMI-500 warrants advancement to clinical trials.

In this paper, an active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel circuit is proposed for 1000 ppi and 5.87‐inch mobile displays with augmented and virtual reality applications. The proposed pixel circuit consisting of 3 thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and 2 capacitors employs a simultaneous emission driving method to reduce the number of TFTs. The simulation results of the proposed pixel circuit showed that the emission current errors caused by the threshold voltage variation of driving TFT and crosstalk error were less than ±0.4 LSB and ±1 LSB, respectively, over the entire gray level. Therefore, the proposed pixel circuit is highly suitable for AMOLED displays.

Background:The impact of infused graft cell dose on outcomes, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse, which have been major challenges in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), remains unclear. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has emerged as an effective and safe GVHD prophylaxis strategy, with improved GVHD incidence and relapse-free survival (RFS). Early practice of unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) using PTCy was commonly performed with a restriction on the CD34 +cell dose to minimize the risk of GVHD. However, recent studies demonstrated the protective effect of CD34 +cells on relapse, with no association with GVHD, thereby raising questions about the optimal cell dose. In this context, we aimed to study the impact of infused cell dose on outcomes in children with high-risk leukemia who underwent allogeneic PBSCT using PTCy.

Introduction:Remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) is a primary treatment strategy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), aiming to rapidly reduce leukemic cells in the bone marrow. However, this swift reduction can lead to significant complications such as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Pretreatment with steroids such as prednisolone or dexamethasone a week before initiating multi-agent RIC can potentially prevent TLS, but the effectiveness and utility of this approach remains unclear. We investigated whether steroid pretreatment before RIC can decrease TLS incidence and improve overall survival.