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This study reveals a groundbreaking advancement in utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) for syngas production through methane (CH4) dry reforming using Fibrous Silica Titania (FST) as a support, loaded with different (1%, 3%, and 5%) nickel dosages. FST is distinguished by its fibrous structure, maintains a stable temperature, facilitates the confinement and dispersion of active metal, and is exceptionally effective at preventing carbon deposition. For a thorough examination of the new catalysts, characterization methods including XRD, FESEM, EDX mapping, N2physisorption, FTIR-KBr, H2-TPR, and CO2-TPD were employed. Importantly, TEM lattice fringes verified the existence of XRD peaks and planes of Ni (111), Ni (200), and TiO2(101). Aspects such as O-H stretching, Si-O-Si asymmetry, vibrations caused by external Si-OH groups, and Si-O-Si bending were identified using FTIR-KBr analysis. The study ingeniously identified the superior (3Ni/FST) catalyst, which exhibited moderate basicity sites on the CO2-TPD at approximately 350 °C. The catalyst converted nearly 100% CH4at 750 °C with minimal coke production and 80% CO2at 850 °C. Surprisingly, the 3Ni/FST catalyst demonstrated remarkable stability during a 72 h TOS stability test at 650 °C, effectively preventing coke-forming side reactions such as CO disproportionation, CO hydrogenation, CO2and CH4cracking with syngas ratio around unity and little coke production. The FST support exhibited exceptional attributes for low temperature carbon neutral CH4reforming.

Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most common neoplasm in bitches, and it shares many biological similarities with breast cancer in humans. Drug resistance, high epigenetic mutations, and relapse rates are among the challenges which eventually urge the need for a veterinary oncologist to discover new therapeutic approaches that are more effective and safer. Therefore, in this review, we also cover the current therapeutic strategies from human medicine for the future perspectives of tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. These strategies have great potential to be employed as therapeutic or prophylactic options due to their ability to modulate a specific and potent immune response against CMC. As we acquire a better understanding of canine tumor immunology, we can move towards a brighter prognosis. Additionally, we report on the recent successful studies in breast cancer that may benefit canines as well.

Solar-to-steam generation (SSG) for seawater desalination is emerging process which faces several technology challenges for successful scaling up. Floating solar-to-steam generation (SSG) sandwich-based systems using hydrophilic water bridges have been proved to be fascinating technology for seawater desalination. However, the mechanistic pathways of heat dissipation, mass diffusion and convection are still the key bottlenecks for reliable scaling up. To solve the heat loss and surface salt deactivation, we demonstrate herein the performance of novel SSG structure for seawater desalination via the incorporation of cellulosic sponge as water holder to play a role of water transit between hydrophilic bridge and the top surface. Two systems using low-cost materials were compared, namely graphite felt/hydrophilic paper/polystyrene (GF-HP-PS) and Graphite felt/Water receiver/hydrophilic paper/polystyrene (GF-HP-WR-PS). The process of heat generation and localization was maximum in the GF-WR-HP-PS system, reaching 68.2 °C under 0.5 sun. The photothermal conversion efficiency was found to be 92 and 114 % under 0.5 sun for GF-HP-PS and GF-HP-WR-PS, respectively. On top of that, GF-HP-WR-PS shows effective steadily salt rejection during the desalination of seawater. The WRlayer plays a crucial role to govern the confined water, which boosts the dissolution of salt and its convection without significant heat downward convection. As a practical consideration, the cost of used components to fabricate this SSG system is very acceptable and without major restrictions.

• Metal oxides nanostructures have diverse effect on adsorptive and photocatalytic treatments. • The present review covers a unique technique to boost TiO 2 activity using porous supports. • Z-scheme based oxides to sustain high redox activity by using heterojunction photocatalysts. • Photocatalytic degradation is more eco-friendly than adsorption. Metal oxide (MO) nanomaterials and related nanocomposites have been extensively studied for their potential use in water treatment. Because of their controlled morphologies, texture qualities, variable surface chemistry, distinct crystalline nature, high stability, and tunable band edges, MO nanostructured materials are highly selective towards deleting organic contaminants and heavy metal ions via adsorption and semiconductor photocatalysis. Metal-enhanced photocatalysis has recently received increasing interest, mainly due to the ability of the metal to directly or indirectly degrade pollutants. A diverse selection of MOs, with titanium dioxide (TiO 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxides (IO), and tungsten (W), as well as graphene-MOs nanocomposites with variable structure, crystalline, and morphological properties, offers a powerful platform for the growth of effective catalysts. The current work discusses novel advancements and potential for the removal of adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds (phenolic, pesticide molecules, dyes, and so on) as well as heavy metal ions using semiconductor materials. A photocatalyst based on a MO-scheme heterostructure can manage the appropriate conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) locations, securing considerable redox aptitude. This review should be of interest to the broad readership dealing with applied and fundamental aspects of water treatments and material sciences. Various strategies including surface modification, plasmonic enhancement, and metal cocatalysts have been introduced to enhance photocatalytic performance. The current article discussed the significantly utilized synthesis strategies and mechanism of heterojunction photocatalysts using a Z-scheme. Furthermore, adsorption sections guarantee that mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead-based ions are successfully removed from polluted water via the adsorption route. Numerous characteristics, such as concentration, coexisting ions, pH, and kind of chemical have converged to comprehend the adsorption procedure. The technological challenges and future approaches are discussed to maximize the photocatalytic and adsorption efficacy and the reusability of MO-based nanomaterials for water security. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphate and nitrate were loaded on silica BEA (P/HSi@BEA and N/HSi@BEA), which is fibrously protonated by the impregnation method for n-hexane and cyclohexane isomerization. The characterization analysis specified the removal of tetrahedral aluminum atoms in the framework, which was triggered by the existence of phosphate and nitrate groups in the catalyst. The exchanged role of Si(OH)Al to P–OH as active acidic sites in the P/HSi@BEA catalyst reduced its acidic strength, which was confirmed by the FTIR results. Lewis acidic sites of P/HSi@BEA performance are a significant part in the generation of high protonic acid sites, as proven by the in situ ESR study. However, FTIR evacuation and 27Al NMR revealed that the reduction in the amount of extraframework Al (EFAl) is due to its interaction with the nitrate group on the outside of the catalyst surface. The N/HSi@BEA catalyst exhibited high acidic strength because of the existence of more Si(OH)Al, which was initiated during the nitrate-incorporation process. Of significance is that the catalytic performance of n-hexane isomerization in the presence of hydrogen reached 50.3% product isomer yield at 250 °C, which might be ascribed to the presence of P–OH active sites that are responsible for accepting electrons, forming active protonic acid sites. NO3–EFAl interaction induced the formation of Brønsted acid sites, and higher mesopore volume favors the production of cyclohexane isomers up to 48.4% at 250 °C. This fundamental study exhibits that significant interactions given by such phosphate and nitrate groups with the unique silica fibrous BEA support could enhance isomerization, which contributes to the high quality of fuel.

Biochar is a reactive carrier as it may be partially gasified with steam in steam reforming, which could influence the formation of reaction intermediates and modify catalytic behaviors. Herein, the Ni/biochar as well as two comparative catalysts, Ni/Al2O3and Ni/SiO2, with low nickel loading (2% (mass)) was conducted to probe involvement of the varied carriers in the steam reforming. The results indicated that the Ni/biochar performed excellent catalytic activity than Ni/SiO2and Ni/Al2O3, as the biochar carrier facilitated quick conversion of the –OH from dissociation of steam to gasify the oxygen-rich carbonaceous intermediates like CO and C–O–C, resulting in low coverage while high exposure of nickel species for maintaining the superior catalytic performance. In converse, strong adsorption of aliphatic intermediates over Ni/Al2O3and Ni/SiO2induced serious coking with polymeric coke as the main type (21.5% and 32.1%, respectively), which was significantly higher than that over Ni/biochar (3.9%). The coke over Ni/biochar was mainly aromatic or catalytic type with nanotube morphology and high crystallinity. The high resistivity of Ni/biochar towards coking was due to the balance between formation of coke and gasification of coke and partially biochar with steam, which created developed mesopores in spent Ni/biochar while the coke blocked pores in Ni/Al2O3and Ni/SiO2catalysts.

Carbon materials and their diverse allotropes have played important roles in our daily lives and the advancement of material science. After 0D "Carbon 60" and 1D "carbon-nanotube," 2D-graphene nanomaterials have attracted significant attention since 2004 because of their unique and exciting properties. Over the last decade, 3D-graphene nanomaterials have been developed to efficiently use 2D-graphene nanosheets in applications like energy storage, environmental remediation, and electrochemical catalysis. We describe 3D graphene materials, classify them, briefly discuss their history, and cover this review's basic synthesis chemical procedures. Special attention is given to their bibliometric analysis, advancement, synthesis, technical applications of energy storage devices, environmental applications, and supercapacitor-based applications. The CiteSpace (6.1. R3) software is used for the bibliometric analysis findings from 2012 to 2023 for keywords, countries, journals, co-occurrence, and co-author networks. Data were taken from 1142 papers, 71 review articles, and 1071 article proceedings over 12 years, from 2012 to 2023. The date of retrieval, November 10, 2022, was the latest.

This work presents the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and chitosan (CS) coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) by co-precipitation technique. The objective of this research was to investigate the catalytic, antibacterial efficacy with evidential molecular docking analysis of CS/PVP- Fe3O4and PVP/CS- Fe3O4. The coating of PVP and CS reduced the particle size of Fe3O4, providing a large surface area that increased catalytic and antibacterial potency. These binary coated magnetite NPs used as ideal catalytic agent for the reduction of rhodamine B dye as well as antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli.The findings of a molecular docking investigation were in reasonable accord with in vitro microbicidal activity and revealed that CS-Fe3O4, Fe3O4-doped PVP and CS are promising inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductaseE. Coli(DHFR) and DNA gyraseE. Coli.

Abstract: The primary aim of the present investigation is to understand the efficiency of mesoporous graphene oxide incorporating Mg/Zr-hydroxide for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. Carbon from used Li-ion batteries was used to make graphene oxide, which is a way to reuse spent carbon that is safe for the environment. The structural and morphological features of the adsorbent were analysed in detail. The prepared adsorbents showed a specific surface area of 237.8 m2/g and 364.7 m2/g, respectively, for Mg/Zr-hydroxide (MZ) and graphene oxide-doped Mg/Zr-hydroxide (MZC). Raman's studies confirmed that the conversion of graphitic carbon into graphene oxide correlated to a change in the ratio of peak area of D-band and G-band (ID/IG) value from 0.65 to 1.21. The investigation comprised batch adsorption experiments under diverse experimental conditions like varied dye concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/L), pH (2–8), temperature (30–50 °C), and 90 min of adsorption studied with the adsorbent load of 20 mg. The cumulative effects of dye concentration, adsorbent load, and pH were evaluated. The dye adsorption achieved was 165.56 mg/g and 177.61 mg/g for MZ and MZC, respectively. Incorporation follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2= 0.99) and the Freundlich isotherm model was found to be the best fit. The composites showed competitive regeneration capacity, proving that these composites are robust adsorbents for the removal of dye contamination in water. Highlights: • Graphitic carbon obtained from spent Li-ion batteries was effectively used.

Hydrogen and liquid fuel production from biopolymer waste, such as cellulose dissolved in phenol, was investigated using in-situ pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming conditions. Developing a sustainable method for the thermal cracking of such biopolymers still faces difficulties due to the catalyst stability primarily impacted by coke deposition. The key to the proposed method is improving a highly active and stable catalytic reforming process in which trimetallic Ni-La-Pd supported on TiCa acts as a primary reforming catalyst. Catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal, and impregnation techniques, and the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh and spent materials were examined. The results showed that the NLP/TiCa catalysts performed effectively due to their comparatively high surface area, strong basicity, evenly distributed Pd particles, and appropriate redox and desorption characteristics. The addition of Pd retards the reducibility of the NL/TiCa; therefore, a Pd*La, La*Ni, La*Ti, and Ca*Ti interaction exist. Almost complete conversion of phenol (98.7%) and maximum H2yield (99.6%) were achieved at 800 °C for the NLP/TiCa. These findings give an insight into industrial-scale development. They have significant potential for enhancing the generation of hydrogen and liquid products from phenol and cellulose waste, such as propanol, ethanol, toluene, etc.

•Hydrogen production from acetic acid-phenol steam reforming using bimetallic Ni-Co supported on different composition of La2O3-Al2O3was studied.•γ-Al2O3as a constituent in the NC/La catalyst decreased the reducibility, acidic and basic site of the catalyst.•γ-Al2O3increases the catalyst performance toward better phenol conversion due to its high surface area but favorable for coke formation.•Catalyst dilution increased the activity of the catalyst towards phenol conversion and hydrogen production.

Construction of tailor made photocatalyst is the need to achieve high visible light assimilation and charge carrier separation. In this path, combination of catalytic active element (Cu), defect rich metal oxide (ZrO2) and photoactive (NrGO) is an effective strategy. Herein, NrGO wrapped Cu-ZrO2was prepared by modified Hummers-thermal annealing-hydrothermal approach. The synergism between Cu, Zr and NrGO was studied using transient photocurrent, EIS and TEM images. Consequently, O3/NrGO@Cu-ZrO2-10/Vis synergistic system has achieved superior photocatalytic ozonation-catalytic ozonation than individual photocatalysis and ozonation. Further, the advanced oxidation process was optimized and the catalyst was efficiently used for the reduction of CO2into useful products. Tolerance of O3/NrGO@Cu-ZrO2-10/Vis system against rhodamine B, hydroquinone, bisphenol A and p-cresol has been investigated. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on ESR studies, BODIPY fluoresence method, band gap and Mott-Schottky data. This research provides an idea of multifunctional catalyst for advanced oxidation of contaminants and CO2reduction.

Catalytic steam reforming of acetic acid using bimetallic catalysts of 5 wt.% nickel and 5 wt.% cobalt supported on Lanthanum (III) oxide (La2O3) for hydrogen production was investigated in a micro fixed bed reactor. The reactor was of quartz tube with a 10 mm inside diameter. The effect of catalyst dilution on the reaction was studied. Silicon carbide was used as the dilution material. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 500 to 700°C. The complete conversion of acetic acid to product gases has been observed at 550°C and 700°C for diluted and non-diluted catalysts respectively. It shows that catalyst dilution had a profound effect on the conversion of acetic acid at low temperature (550°C) whilst high temperature of 700°C was required for the non-diluted catalyst. The product gas distributions are similar when using both diluted and non-diluted catalysts.

Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.