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AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore and determine the legal constraints related to adult male rape and the consequences as they exist in the Bangladeshi criminal justice system. Primary and secondary data sources for the study were derived from the narratives of adult male rape survivors, blood relatives of rape survivors, police officers, and legal practitioners. A snowball sampling technique was applied. The study reveals that there is an absence of a police-support response to adult male rape victims, which is attributable to the lack of a gender-neutral definition of rape. This legal definition vacuum diverts complainants to a range of other futile options, such as submitting a general diary and/or adjacent complaints and seeking assistance from other law enforcement agencies. Finally, this study demonstrates that the landscape of the Bangladeshi criminal justice system is likely to remain unchanged until its legal foundation is better developed.

Iron (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Fe (OTF)3] has been proven to be an effective catalyst in the synthesis of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid by the Doebner reaction using one-pot pyruvic acid, aniline, and benzaldehyde. This method shows attractive characteristics including concise one-pot conditions, high atom economy, very limited energy consumption, and the sequential catalytic process requires only a catalytic (15 mol%) amount of Fe (OTf)3 with short reaction periods (3 h) . Meanwhile, the catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction system and reused smoothly with only a little loss of activity.

Much empirical research on textbook analysis has been undertaken. However, little evidence with regard to the adoption of SLA findings in the textbook analysis was reported, particularly for the Indonesian EFL textbooks. To fill this void, this study aimed at analyzing a textbook endorsed by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, “Bahasa Inggris, When English Rings a Bell” revised edition 2017 for grade VII, to reveal as to how the activities in the textbook provide learners with the opportunities that facilitate second language acquisition. We employed content analysis (Mayring, 2000) in this study. Informed by Ellis’ (2016) SLA framework and ten generalizations, the study’s findings portray that all activities receive support from SLA theory. Most activities are output-prompting, and language learning is mostly intentional. In addition, the textbook exposes learners with language input (e.g., target language skills and linguistic forms) exclusively, although they are not required to process the input further (e.g., enacting more social interaction activities). The implication of this study suggests that although second language learning input is penetrated into a textbook, the role of interactional activities in the classroom that bridges the input into practice is worth-considering. Thereby, English teachers are encouraged to innovatively and creatively design learning activities in the class.

The aims of this study are to synthesize and characterize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) crosslinked by pH-responsive polymer poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and its application for detection of some analytes in herbal medicine product. In this study, a pH-responsive polymer, poly (acrylic acid) was prepared by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. The polymer was then cross-linked by gold nanoparticles, which was synthesized by the Turkevich method. The response of the AuNPs-crosslinked PAA was observed by the color change from red to blue at a specific pH (4-5) and was characterized by TEM. The reversible color change was resulted from aggregation and disaggregation of the AuNPs due to the shrinking and swelling of the polymer when different pH was introduced as a stimulant. This sensor has the capability of recognizing analytes such as aspirin and tolbutamide added in the herbal medicine product at the concentration of 0.04-0.05 M.

Secondary metabolite compounds contained in each plant genus have certain characteristics, which is true also of the flavonoid in the genus Artocarpus. In the experiment described here, third-year undergraduate students performed the isolation and characterization of cycloartocarpin from the roots of Artocarpus altilis(commonly known as breadfruit), giving them experience in skills such as extraction, fractionation, purification, and the structural elucidation of cycloartocarpin. Manipulation of the liquor by thin-layer and gravitation column chromatographic techniques proved to be a simple method to isolate cycloartocarpin. The flavonoid structure, cycloartocarpin, was treated with structure elucidation 1- and 2-dimensional NMR and infrared spectrometry. Students then compared the structure of the cycloartocarpin obtained with that of other flavonoids from the genus Artocarpusand other plant genera. From these comparisons, they were able to formulate structural characteristics of the flavonoid compounds of the genus Artocarpus. The laboratory method, accomplished in four, 3 h laboratory sessions, allowed students to readily understand the process of isolating flavonoids and their peculiarities.

To understand the experience of spirituality in pregnancy and labor from the perspective of Indonesian Muslim women.

This study aims to examine the dynamics of socio-ecological resilience of coral reef in Kotania Bay, Indonesia using a spatial-dynamic approach. The results showed that Kotania Bay coral reef in 2023 had 4 resilience classes, including very low, low, medium, and high. In addition, the highest resilience index value was 0.74, while the lowest was 0.11. Projections for 2028 predicted a reduction to 3 classes, including very low (47.37%), low (42.11%), and medium (10.53%). A further reduction to 2 classes, namely very low (73.68%) and low (26.32%), was also projected to occur by 2032. In 2038, the coral reef socio-ecological resilience was anticipated to decrease to the very low (100%) category, while a total loss was expected by 2043. The results showed that a resilience index value of 0.4 could be used as an indicator of the presence of coral-living biota and surrounding biota in good condition but vulnerable to environmental social pressures. Meanwhile, a value of less than 0.4 showed a decrease in the recovery ability despite the reduction in environmental pressure.

This paper is written as one of the records of MOP model developments. MOP model is a new creation model for re-analyzing accidents in maritime traffic system (MTS). MOP is an abbreviation from 4M Overturned Pyramid, where 4M is Man, Machine, Media, and Management. The MOP Model is a 3D view model, looks like thee sided inverted pyramid that has 4 corners representing 4M and 6 edges as line relation for corners. At this paper, MOP model has been developed until the last steps. There are 2 steps utilizing MOP model when re-analyzing accidents, namely Corner Analysis (CA) that resulting causative factors (CFs) as the first step, and Line Relation Analysis (LRA) that resulting causative chains (CCs) as the second step. To see how this step works, 20 ship collisions in Japanese MTS have been re-analyzed. In this research, MOP Model has been upgraded until the second step, namely Line Relation Analysis (LRA). The outcome of this step is causative chain (CC). The results is there is core causative chain that has several heads and tails. However, most of the causative factor (CF) that perform CC are classified in Man Factor, especially improper look-out.

Indonesia`s marine tourism industry has been increasing significantly in recent years. Yacht and Marina are the potential maritime tourism attraction to be improved. The Indonesian Government takes it seriously to make foreign yacht easier to visit Indonesia. A MOP model has shown its effectiveness to be utilized to analyze 18 ports, the model has been instrumental to determine which ports need improvement.

This paper applies the 4M overturned pyramid (MOP) model to analyze collisions in Japan with the point of view of occurrence time, i.e., day, night, and twilight time. The MOP model is a newly developed model by the authors. Utilizing this model, the characteristics of accidents in a certain place and certain period can be determined to identify the most common causative factors and line relation leading to the accident. In this study, 20 accident reports that have been re-analyzed by the MOP model obtained from the JTSB website for the period 2008-2013.

The objective of this study is to identify various characteristics of accidents in Japan’s five major ports and to correlate the design and construction factors of these ports with accidents to better predict the occurrence of accidents based on port design and construction. The five major ports in Japan include the ports of Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Kobe, and Osaka as determined by their foreign container volumes. Data from the Japan-Marine Accident Risk and Safety Information System (J-MARISIS) is analyzed using the 4M Overturned Pyramid (MOP) model. The MOP model is a 3-dimensional model appearing as a three-sided inverted pyramid, consisting of 4 corners that represent the 4M factors (man, machine, media, and management) with the man factor always located at the bottom. The data analysis revealed that each port has its highest causative factor, but the highest causative factor for accidents in Japan’s five big ports is the man factor, followed by the management factor, media factor, and machine factor, in that order. The highest causative factor is also affected by the man-machine relationship. A correlation between port design or construction and marine accidents is not identified using the current MOP Model method, although design is accounted for in the machine factor.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the most common infectious disease in the world and the leading cause of hearing loss in children in developing countries. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is often found in children with CSOM.